Author: Elca Erlank
Publisher: Loving Healing Press
ISBN: 1615998691
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 9
Book Description
This article briefly reflects the extent to which substance dependency and traumatic events, which may lead to a diagnosis of a post-traumatic stress disorder, are becoming a feature of life all over South Africa. Many social workers are familiar with current evidence-based approaches and are skilled at adapting them to local cultural and contextual conditions. Exploring and continuing learning various evidence-based approaches to render more effective services are an important aim of social work practice. Metapsychology and Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), an Applied Metapsychology technique, are introduced to challenge social workers to render more integrated and effective services. The prevalence and comorbidity of substance dependency and PTSD Looking at statistics about substance dependency, as well as the high tendency of being a victim of trauma in South Africa, is it evident that social workers are confronted and challenged on a daily basis to improve their knowledge and skills in this regard. In South Africa, drug consumption is twice the world norm (CDA-2011) and 15% of South Africa's population has a drug problem (CDA-2011). Over 30% of the South African population have an alcohol problem or are at risk of having one and alcohol affects 17.5 million of South Africans. Studies show that people who start drinking before the age of 15 are four times more likely to become alcoholics than people starting to drink later in their life. The recently-released United Nations World Drug Report had named South Africa as one of the drug capitals of the world. When it comes to the abuse of alcohol and usage of dagga, this country is rated to be one of the top ten narcotics and alcohol abusers in the world (Addiction Drug Alcohol Statistics, S.A. 2012 About the Author Elca Erlank, Ph. D. became a TIR trainer in 2012. She has trained with both Gerald French and Yvonne Retief. Elca is a social worker, in South Africa with 22 years experience in various related fields of social work services. She had specialized in the field of substance dependence and received her doctorate degree in 2003. From the Metapsychology Monographs Series at www.TIRBook.com.
Substance Dependency, PTSD and Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) in South Africa: A Social Work Perspective
Author: Elca Erlank
Publisher: Loving Healing Press
ISBN: 1615998691
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 9
Book Description
This article briefly reflects the extent to which substance dependency and traumatic events, which may lead to a diagnosis of a post-traumatic stress disorder, are becoming a feature of life all over South Africa. Many social workers are familiar with current evidence-based approaches and are skilled at adapting them to local cultural and contextual conditions. Exploring and continuing learning various evidence-based approaches to render more effective services are an important aim of social work practice. Metapsychology and Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), an Applied Metapsychology technique, are introduced to challenge social workers to render more integrated and effective services. The prevalence and comorbidity of substance dependency and PTSD Looking at statistics about substance dependency, as well as the high tendency of being a victim of trauma in South Africa, is it evident that social workers are confronted and challenged on a daily basis to improve their knowledge and skills in this regard. In South Africa, drug consumption is twice the world norm (CDA-2011) and 15% of South Africa's population has a drug problem (CDA-2011). Over 30% of the South African population have an alcohol problem or are at risk of having one and alcohol affects 17.5 million of South Africans. Studies show that people who start drinking before the age of 15 are four times more likely to become alcoholics than people starting to drink later in their life. The recently-released United Nations World Drug Report had named South Africa as one of the drug capitals of the world. When it comes to the abuse of alcohol and usage of dagga, this country is rated to be one of the top ten narcotics and alcohol abusers in the world (Addiction Drug Alcohol Statistics, S.A. 2012 About the Author Elca Erlank, Ph. D. became a TIR trainer in 2012. She has trained with both Gerald French and Yvonne Retief. Elca is a social worker, in South Africa with 22 years experience in various related fields of social work services. She had specialized in the field of substance dependence and received her doctorate degree in 2003. From the Metapsychology Monographs Series at www.TIRBook.com.
Publisher: Loving Healing Press
ISBN: 1615998691
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 9
Book Description
This article briefly reflects the extent to which substance dependency and traumatic events, which may lead to a diagnosis of a post-traumatic stress disorder, are becoming a feature of life all over South Africa. Many social workers are familiar with current evidence-based approaches and are skilled at adapting them to local cultural and contextual conditions. Exploring and continuing learning various evidence-based approaches to render more effective services are an important aim of social work practice. Metapsychology and Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR), an Applied Metapsychology technique, are introduced to challenge social workers to render more integrated and effective services. The prevalence and comorbidity of substance dependency and PTSD Looking at statistics about substance dependency, as well as the high tendency of being a victim of trauma in South Africa, is it evident that social workers are confronted and challenged on a daily basis to improve their knowledge and skills in this regard. In South Africa, drug consumption is twice the world norm (CDA-2011) and 15% of South Africa's population has a drug problem (CDA-2011). Over 30% of the South African population have an alcohol problem or are at risk of having one and alcohol affects 17.5 million of South Africans. Studies show that people who start drinking before the age of 15 are four times more likely to become alcoholics than people starting to drink later in their life. The recently-released United Nations World Drug Report had named South Africa as one of the drug capitals of the world. When it comes to the abuse of alcohol and usage of dagga, this country is rated to be one of the top ten narcotics and alcohol abusers in the world (Addiction Drug Alcohol Statistics, S.A. 2012 About the Author Elca Erlank, Ph. D. became a TIR trainer in 2012. She has trained with both Gerald French and Yvonne Retief. Elca is a social worker, in South Africa with 22 years experience in various related fields of social work services. She had specialized in the field of substance dependence and received her doctorate degree in 2003. From the Metapsychology Monographs Series at www.TIRBook.com.
Looking Through the Trauma Lens
Author: Susan Sluiter
Publisher: Loving Healing Press
ISBN: 1615998683
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 22
Book Description
ÿI developed renewed faith in the power of psychotherapy after I attended a Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) course in 2011. It opened many doors for me as I began to understand the impact of previously overlooked, objectively minor traumatic incidents on psychological disorders and problems. This article is about the application of this powerful tool over the entire spectrum of psychological problems and disorders and how this brings about impressive and permanent change. The optimal use of this tool in psychotherapy requires a shift in epistemology in which we begin to view mental health through a trauma lens. The definition of psychological trauma can vary. From a TIR perspective, trauma can be defined as any incident that had a negative physical or emotional impact on an individual. This is a very subjective issue as the something could be perceived as traumatic by one individual, but as commonplace and harmless by another. The important thing is the emotional and physical impact the incident had on the individual, its subjective impact. The reason it is so important to view trauma in the broadest way possible is because it explains the chronic mood states of our clients as well as how subconscious intentions and automatic emotional responses affect their current lives. These will be explained below. Traumatic incidents, when understood in the broadest sense possible, have a massive effect on our neurobiology, emotional states and behavioral patterns. Therefore, they can be seen as the driving force behind almost all psychological problems and disorders. When I say traumatic incidents ?in the broadest sense possible,? I refer to the everyday incidents of trauma that are objectively perceived as minor, such as an embarrassing comment by a teacher, conflict with a friend, breaking your mother?s expensive vase, etc. It involves an understanding of how the emotional knocks we take on a daily basis affect our neurobiology and continue to have an impact on us in later life. The understanding of subconscious intentions, automatic emotional reactions and responses and chronic mood states are so crucial when it comes to looking at mental health through a trauma lens. Minor and major psychological and physical trauma involves a complex description of the effects on the brain. This article includes detailed case studies including specific incidents such as birth trauma and jealousy and rage. We will look in detail at how trauma results in Goleman?s ?Amygdala Hijacking? and how we can help the client break destructive cycles. I also explain why sheer willpower is insufficient to change behavior in the face of traumatic restimulation.ÿ Additionally, the article explains how TIR avoids re-traumatization even as clients revisit past incidents.
Publisher: Loving Healing Press
ISBN: 1615998683
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 22
Book Description
ÿI developed renewed faith in the power of psychotherapy after I attended a Traumatic Incident Reduction (TIR) course in 2011. It opened many doors for me as I began to understand the impact of previously overlooked, objectively minor traumatic incidents on psychological disorders and problems. This article is about the application of this powerful tool over the entire spectrum of psychological problems and disorders and how this brings about impressive and permanent change. The optimal use of this tool in psychotherapy requires a shift in epistemology in which we begin to view mental health through a trauma lens. The definition of psychological trauma can vary. From a TIR perspective, trauma can be defined as any incident that had a negative physical or emotional impact on an individual. This is a very subjective issue as the something could be perceived as traumatic by one individual, but as commonplace and harmless by another. The important thing is the emotional and physical impact the incident had on the individual, its subjective impact. The reason it is so important to view trauma in the broadest way possible is because it explains the chronic mood states of our clients as well as how subconscious intentions and automatic emotional responses affect their current lives. These will be explained below. Traumatic incidents, when understood in the broadest sense possible, have a massive effect on our neurobiology, emotional states and behavioral patterns. Therefore, they can be seen as the driving force behind almost all psychological problems and disorders. When I say traumatic incidents ?in the broadest sense possible,? I refer to the everyday incidents of trauma that are objectively perceived as minor, such as an embarrassing comment by a teacher, conflict with a friend, breaking your mother?s expensive vase, etc. It involves an understanding of how the emotional knocks we take on a daily basis affect our neurobiology and continue to have an impact on us in later life. The understanding of subconscious intentions, automatic emotional reactions and responses and chronic mood states are so crucial when it comes to looking at mental health through a trauma lens. Minor and major psychological and physical trauma involves a complex description of the effects on the brain. This article includes detailed case studies including specific incidents such as birth trauma and jealousy and rage. We will look in detail at how trauma results in Goleman?s ?Amygdala Hijacking? and how we can help the client break destructive cycles. I also explain why sheer willpower is insufficient to change behavior in the face of traumatic restimulation.ÿ Additionally, the article explains how TIR avoids re-traumatization even as clients revisit past incidents.
TIP 35: Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Use Disorder Treatment (Updated 2019)
Author: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1794755136
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Book Description
Motivation is key to substance use behavior change. Counselors can support clients' movement toward positive changes in their substance use by identifying and enhancing motivation that already exists. Motivational approaches are based on the principles of person-centered counseling. Counselors' use of empathy, not authority and power, is key to enhancing clients' motivation to change. Clients are experts in their own recovery from SUDs. Counselors should engage them in collaborative partnerships. Ambivalence about change is normal. Resistance to change is an expression of ambivalence about change, not a client trait or characteristic. Confrontational approaches increase client resistance and discord in the counseling relationship. Motivational approaches explore ambivalence in a nonjudgmental and compassionate way.
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1794755136
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Book Description
Motivation is key to substance use behavior change. Counselors can support clients' movement toward positive changes in their substance use by identifying and enhancing motivation that already exists. Motivational approaches are based on the principles of person-centered counseling. Counselors' use of empathy, not authority and power, is key to enhancing clients' motivation to change. Clients are experts in their own recovery from SUDs. Counselors should engage them in collaborative partnerships. Ambivalence about change is normal. Resistance to change is an expression of ambivalence about change, not a client trait or characteristic. Confrontational approaches increase client resistance and discord in the counseling relationship. Motivational approaches explore ambivalence in a nonjudgmental and compassionate way.
Traumatic Stress in South Africa
Author: Debra Kaminer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781776141678
Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Book Description
"Traumatic stress and post-traumatic stress more particularly, has gained international prominence as a condition or disorder that affects people across the globe in the wake of exposure to extreme life events, be these collective or individual. Given the history of political violence in South Africa, extremely high levels of violence against women and children and the prevalence of violent crime, South Africa has the unfortunate distinction of being considered a real life laboratory in which to study traumatic stress. Taking both a historical and contemporary perspective, the title covers the extent of and manner in which traumatic stress manifests, including the way in which exposure to such extremely threatening events impacts on people's meaning and belief systems. Therapeutic and community strategies for addressing and healing the effects of trauma exposure are comprehensively covered, as well as the particular needs of traumatised children and adolescents. Illustrative case material is used to render ideas accessible and engaging. Traumatic stress in South Africa provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of theory and practice in the field of traumatic stress studies, incorporating both international and South African specific findings. The particular value of the text lies in the integration of global and local material and attention to context related challenges, such as how trauma presentation and intervention is coloured by cultural systems and class disparities. The text would be of particular interest to scholars and practitioners working with traumatic stress in developing countries or in settings in which assessment and intervention resources are limited. The book highlights both psychological and sociopolitical dimensions of traumatic stress and emphasises insights derived from working in the South African context that have potential relevance for shaping the direction of traumatic stress studies"--Bookseller's website.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781776141678
Category : POLITICAL SCIENCE
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Book Description
"Traumatic stress and post-traumatic stress more particularly, has gained international prominence as a condition or disorder that affects people across the globe in the wake of exposure to extreme life events, be these collective or individual. Given the history of political violence in South Africa, extremely high levels of violence against women and children and the prevalence of violent crime, South Africa has the unfortunate distinction of being considered a real life laboratory in which to study traumatic stress. Taking both a historical and contemporary perspective, the title covers the extent of and manner in which traumatic stress manifests, including the way in which exposure to such extremely threatening events impacts on people's meaning and belief systems. Therapeutic and community strategies for addressing and healing the effects of trauma exposure are comprehensively covered, as well as the particular needs of traumatised children and adolescents. Illustrative case material is used to render ideas accessible and engaging. Traumatic stress in South Africa provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of theory and practice in the field of traumatic stress studies, incorporating both international and South African specific findings. The particular value of the text lies in the integration of global and local material and attention to context related challenges, such as how trauma presentation and intervention is coloured by cultural systems and class disparities. The text would be of particular interest to scholars and practitioners working with traumatic stress in developing countries or in settings in which assessment and intervention resources are limited. The book highlights both psychological and sociopolitical dimensions of traumatic stress and emphasises insights derived from working in the South African context that have potential relevance for shaping the direction of traumatic stress studies"--Bookseller's website.
Mental Disorders of the New Millennium
Author: Thomas G. Plante Ph.D.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313054592
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 914
Book Description
Tragically, the daily news is filled with stories about hurtful and seemingly mystifying problems in human behavior. Each morning we face news stories about murder, suicide, drunken driving accidents, child molestation, drug abuse, gambling, criminal behavior, and so forth. The cover stories of news magazines from Time and Newsweek to U.S. News and World Report often focus on abnormal psychology and behavior connected to these particular topics, as well as to autism, child hyperactivity, depression, eating disorders, and more. In these volumes, experts in their respective fields draw together compelling chapters on the abnormal psychology and resulting behaviors that are today most often and most dramatically at issue in our world, including such topics as workaholism. Written with accessibility in mind, the set is intended to bridge the gap between research monographs and self-help books, to give layreaders and students solid and up to date information without having to translate jargon-heavy text. Most people today are impacted by abnormal behavior or mental illness in some way. Some suffer from their own mental disorders or live with someone who does. Others have been victimized by people experiencing abnormal psychology, including the 20% of American women and 15% of American men reporting they were sexually abused as children. Mental illness and abnormal behavior touches all of us. This set can help us cope.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN: 0313054592
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 914
Book Description
Tragically, the daily news is filled with stories about hurtful and seemingly mystifying problems in human behavior. Each morning we face news stories about murder, suicide, drunken driving accidents, child molestation, drug abuse, gambling, criminal behavior, and so forth. The cover stories of news magazines from Time and Newsweek to U.S. News and World Report often focus on abnormal psychology and behavior connected to these particular topics, as well as to autism, child hyperactivity, depression, eating disorders, and more. In these volumes, experts in their respective fields draw together compelling chapters on the abnormal psychology and resulting behaviors that are today most often and most dramatically at issue in our world, including such topics as workaholism. Written with accessibility in mind, the set is intended to bridge the gap between research monographs and self-help books, to give layreaders and students solid and up to date information without having to translate jargon-heavy text. Most people today are impacted by abnormal behavior or mental illness in some way. Some suffer from their own mental disorders or live with someone who does. Others have been victimized by people experiencing abnormal psychology, including the 20% of American women and 15% of American men reporting they were sexually abused as children. Mental illness and abnormal behavior touches all of us. This set can help us cope.
Voice and Agency
Author: Jeni Klugman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464803595
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 239
Book Description
"The 2012 report recognized that expanding women's agency - their ability to make decisions and take advantage of opportunities is key to improving their lives as well as the world. This report represents a major advance in global knowledge on this critical front. The vast data and thousands of surveys distilled in this report cast important light on the nature of constraints women and girls continue to face globally. This report identifies promising opportunities and entry points for lasting transformation, such as interventions that reach across sectors and include life-skills training, sexual and reproductive health education, conditional cash transfers, and mentoring. It finds that addressing what the World Health Organization has identified as an epidemic of violence against women means sharply scaling up engagement with men and boys. The report also underlines the vital role information and communication technologies can play in amplifying women's voices, expanding their economic and learning opportunities, and broadening their views and aspirations. The World Bank Group's twin goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity demand no less than the full and equal participation of women and men, girls and boys, around the world." -- Publisher's description.
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464803595
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 239
Book Description
"The 2012 report recognized that expanding women's agency - their ability to make decisions and take advantage of opportunities is key to improving their lives as well as the world. This report represents a major advance in global knowledge on this critical front. The vast data and thousands of surveys distilled in this report cast important light on the nature of constraints women and girls continue to face globally. This report identifies promising opportunities and entry points for lasting transformation, such as interventions that reach across sectors and include life-skills training, sexual and reproductive health education, conditional cash transfers, and mentoring. It finds that addressing what the World Health Organization has identified as an epidemic of violence against women means sharply scaling up engagement with men and boys. The report also underlines the vital role information and communication technologies can play in amplifying women's voices, expanding their economic and learning opportunities, and broadening their views and aspirations. The World Bank Group's twin goals of ending extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity demand no less than the full and equal participation of women and men, girls and boys, around the world." -- Publisher's description.
Clinical Handbook of Psychological Disorders, Fourth Edition
Author: David H. Barlow
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1606237659
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 737
Book Description
With over 75,000 copies sold, this clinical guide and widely adopted text presents authoritative guidelines for treating frequently encountered adult disorders. The Handbook is unique in its focus on evidence-based practice and its attention to the most pressing question asked by students and practitioners—“How do I do it?” Leading clinical researchers provide essential background knowledge on each problem, describe the conceptual and empirical bases of their respective approaches, and illustrate the nuts and bolts of evidence-based assessment and intervention.
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1606237659
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 737
Book Description
With over 75,000 copies sold, this clinical guide and widely adopted text presents authoritative guidelines for treating frequently encountered adult disorders. The Handbook is unique in its focus on evidence-based practice and its attention to the most pressing question asked by students and practitioners—“How do I do it?” Leading clinical researchers provide essential background knowledge on each problem, describe the conceptual and empirical bases of their respective approaches, and illustrate the nuts and bolts of evidence-based assessment and intervention.
Mental Disorders of the New Millennium
Author: Thomas G. Plante
Publisher: Praeger
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Book Description
Tragically, the daily news is filled with stories about hurtful and seemingly mystifying problems in human behavior. Each morning we face news stories about murder, suicide, drunken driving accidents, child molestation, drug abuse, gambling, criminal behavior, and so forth. The cover stories of news magazines from Time and Newsweek to U.S. News and World Report often focus on abnormal psychology and behavior connected to these particular topics, as well as to autism, child hyperactivity, depression, eating disorders, and more. In these volumes, experts in their respective fields draw together compelling chapters on the abnormal psychology and resulting behaviors that are today most often and most dramatically at issue in our world, including such topics as workaholism. Written with accessibility in mind, the set is intended to bridge the gap between research monographs and self-help books, to give layreaders and students solid and up to date information without having to translate jargon-heavy text. Most people today are impacted by abnormal behavior or mental illness in some way. Some suffer from their own mental disorders or live with someone who does. Others have been victimized by people experiencing abnormal psychology, including the 20% of American women and 15% of American men reporting they were sexually abused as children. Mental illness and abnormal behavior touches all of us. This set can help us cope.
Publisher: Praeger
ISBN:
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Book Description
Tragically, the daily news is filled with stories about hurtful and seemingly mystifying problems in human behavior. Each morning we face news stories about murder, suicide, drunken driving accidents, child molestation, drug abuse, gambling, criminal behavior, and so forth. The cover stories of news magazines from Time and Newsweek to U.S. News and World Report often focus on abnormal psychology and behavior connected to these particular topics, as well as to autism, child hyperactivity, depression, eating disorders, and more. In these volumes, experts in their respective fields draw together compelling chapters on the abnormal psychology and resulting behaviors that are today most often and most dramatically at issue in our world, including such topics as workaholism. Written with accessibility in mind, the set is intended to bridge the gap between research monographs and self-help books, to give layreaders and students solid and up to date information without having to translate jargon-heavy text. Most people today are impacted by abnormal behavior or mental illness in some way. Some suffer from their own mental disorders or live with someone who does. Others have been victimized by people experiencing abnormal psychology, including the 20% of American women and 15% of American men reporting they were sexually abused as children. Mental illness and abnormal behavior touches all of us. This set can help us cope.
Creating a Comprehensive Trauma Center
Author: Mary Beth Williams
Publisher: Boom Koninklijke Uitgevers
ISBN: 9780306463273
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
The goal of the comprehensive trauma center (CTC) is to help survivors and/or victims re-empower themselves, restore wholeness and meaning, and integrate the trauma(s) they have experienced into their lives so that they are no longer at the mercy of those external events. The CTCs described in this book vary in type and form but seek to provide a variety of services to victims and/or survivors by complementing and coordinating services with existing programs.
Publisher: Boom Koninklijke Uitgevers
ISBN: 9780306463273
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 480
Book Description
The goal of the comprehensive trauma center (CTC) is to help survivors and/or victims re-empower themselves, restore wholeness and meaning, and integrate the trauma(s) they have experienced into their lives so that they are no longer at the mercy of those external events. The CTCs described in this book vary in type and form but seek to provide a variety of services to victims and/or survivors by complementing and coordinating services with existing programs.
Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Clinical Social Work Practice
Author: Arthur Freeman, EdD, ABPP
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826104789
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 648
Book Description
Edited by a leading social work authority and a master CBT clinician, this first-of-its-kind handbook provides the foundations and training that social workers need to master cognitive behavior therapy. From traditional techniques to new techniques such as mindfulness meditation and the use of DBT, the contributors ensure a thorough and up-to-date presentation of CBT. Covered are the most common disorders encountered when working with adults, children, families, and couples including: Anxiety disorders Depression Personality disorder Sexual and physical abuse Substance misuse Grief and bereavement Eating disorders Written by social workers for social workers, this new focus on the foundations and applications of cognitive behavior therapy will help individuals, families, and groups lead happier, fulfilled, and more productive lives.
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826104789
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 648
Book Description
Edited by a leading social work authority and a master CBT clinician, this first-of-its-kind handbook provides the foundations and training that social workers need to master cognitive behavior therapy. From traditional techniques to new techniques such as mindfulness meditation and the use of DBT, the contributors ensure a thorough and up-to-date presentation of CBT. Covered are the most common disorders encountered when working with adults, children, families, and couples including: Anxiety disorders Depression Personality disorder Sexual and physical abuse Substance misuse Grief and bereavement Eating disorders Written by social workers for social workers, this new focus on the foundations and applications of cognitive behavior therapy will help individuals, families, and groups lead happier, fulfilled, and more productive lives.