Subsidies, International Trade, and Competition PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download Subsidies, International Trade, and Competition PDF full book. Access full book title Subsidies, International Trade, and Competition by Amanda Athayde. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Amanda Athayde Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Subsidies take many forms, including direct government expenditures, tax incentives, equity injections, soft loans, government provision of goods and services and procurement on favorable terms, and price supports. This is the dual facet of subsidies: while they are important tools for achieving policy goals, they can also create distortions. On the one hand, governments grant subsidies and, on the other hand, they regulate them to tackle such distortions. Subsidies are typically addressed from the perspective of international trade, through multilateral rules defined by the World Trade Organization (WTO), provisions contained in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement), in the Agreement on Agriculture (AA), and in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). There are also provisions in regional trade agreements. Though not establishing binding rules, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) also have important rules on export credit in its Arrangement for Officially Supported Export Credits. Subsidies from a competition perspective, however, have attracted little attention from authorities and academics over the years. This scenario has started to change. Developments have emerged with the introduction and use of foreign direct investment (FDI) screening mechanisms in the European Union (EU). In addition, on April 22, 2022, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), OECD, World Bank (WB) and WTO published a joint work titled “Subsidies, Trade, and International Cooperation.” This work notes that the growing use of distortive subsidies alters trade and investment flows, detracts from the values of tariff bindings and other market access commitments, and undercuts public support for open trade. It also adds that sharp differences over subsidies are contributing to global trade tensions that are harming growth and living standards, which calls for growing international cooperation between governments and international organizations. One can see that foreign subsidies investigations in the European Union are no longer restricted to the international trade area of the European Commission. Foreign subsidies now also require notification and analysis by the competition authorities.
Author: Amanda Athayde Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Subsidies take many forms, including direct government expenditures, tax incentives, equity injections, soft loans, government provision of goods and services and procurement on favorable terms, and price supports. This is the dual facet of subsidies: while they are important tools for achieving policy goals, they can also create distortions. On the one hand, governments grant subsidies and, on the other hand, they regulate them to tackle such distortions. Subsidies are typically addressed from the perspective of international trade, through multilateral rules defined by the World Trade Organization (WTO), provisions contained in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement), in the Agreement on Agriculture (AA), and in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). There are also provisions in regional trade agreements. Though not establishing binding rules, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) also have important rules on export credit in its Arrangement for Officially Supported Export Credits. Subsidies from a competition perspective, however, have attracted little attention from authorities and academics over the years. This scenario has started to change. Developments have emerged with the introduction and use of foreign direct investment (FDI) screening mechanisms in the European Union (EU). In addition, on April 22, 2022, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), OECD, World Bank (WB) and WTO published a joint work titled “Subsidies, Trade, and International Cooperation.” This work notes that the growing use of distortive subsidies alters trade and investment flows, detracts from the values of tariff bindings and other market access commitments, and undercuts public support for open trade. It also adds that sharp differences over subsidies are contributing to global trade tensions that are harming growth and living standards, which calls for growing international cooperation between governments and international organizations. One can see that foreign subsidies investigations in the European Union are no longer restricted to the international trade area of the European Commission. Foreign subsidies now also require notification and analysis by the competition authorities.
Author: J. Bourgeois Publisher: Springer ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
This is a first attempt to come to grips with legal and policy issues of subsidies in international trade in a public discussion in the European Community by academics, private practitioners and public servants.
Author: Rambod Behboodi Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 113483408X Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
National industrial subsidies are a major irritant in international trading relations. There have been many attempts to curb the damaging effects of subsidies on the international trading order; most have met with stiff oppostion and mixed success. Today the combination of industrial subsidies and the countervailing duties intended to combat them p
Author: Usha C.V. Haley Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199339783 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 295
Book Description
How did China move so swiftly in capital-intensive industries without labor-cost or scale advantage from bit player to the largest manufacturer and exporter in the world? This book argues that subsidies contributed significantly to China's success. Industrial subsidies in key Chinese manufacturing industries may exceed thirty percent of industrial output. Economic theories have mostly portrayed subsidies as distortive, inefficiently reallocating resources according to non-market criteria. However, China's state-capitalist regime uses subsidies to promote the governments' and the Communist Party of China's interests. Rather than aberrations, subsidies help Chinese businesses and governments produce, stabilize and create common understandings of markets; the flows of capital reflect struggles between critical Chinese actors including central and provincial governments. Concepts of state capitalism including market-transition theory, the multi-organizational Chinese state, and state as paramount shareholder, create complex and relevant understandings of Chinese subsidies. The authors develop independent measures of industrial subsidies using publicly-reported data at firm and industry levels from governmental and private sources. Subsidies include free to low-cost loans, subsidies to energy (coal, electricity, natural gas, heavy oil) and to key inputs, land and technology. Four sequential studies identify the growth of subsidies to Chinese manufacturing over time and effects on world industry: steel (2000-2007), glass (2004-2008), paper (2002-2009) and auto parts (2001-2011). Subsidies to Chinese industry affect and are affected by business strategy and trade policy. Business strategies include lobbying for subsidies and for protection from subsidized foreign competitors and managing supply chains to guard against whiplash effects of uncoordinated subsidies. The subsidized solar industry highlights how global business strategies and decisions on production location and technology development respond to production or consumption subsidies and include market (competitive) and non-market (political) strategies. The book also covers government policies and regulation on subsidies broadly focusing on domestic consumption (antidumping and countervailing duties) and domestic production (indigenous innovation).
Author: David B. Yoffie Publisher: McGraw-Hill Companies ISBN: Category : Comparative advantage (International trade) Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
Focuses on international trade from the practical perspective of general managers. The multi-disciplinary approach blends theories of international trade and political economy with concrete managerial issues to provide a strategic framework for managing international competition.
Author: Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
This paper reviews, from the perspective of developing countries, the recent agreement reached at the 10th WTO Ministerial at Nairobi related to export competition, including exports subsidies, food aid, export credits and guarantees, and state trading enterprises (STEs). The legal and economic aspects of the agreement are examined, and the relevance of banning agricultural export subsidies are noted. This eliminates some of the worst-case scenarios, if agricultural world prices continue to soften and the important margin of export subsidies still allowed under the WTO framework was to be used. But given the relatively longer transition period for some relevant products before export subsidies are completely banned, the paper argues for continued monitoring of the potential use of this instrument. The paper also discusses the other components of export competition, looking into the legal and economic aspects. Some suggestions about continuous work on transparency and monitoring of current practices, and further disciplines are also presented.
Author: Chris Milner Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Twelve chapters, presented by Milner (international economics, U. of Nottingham, UK) and Read (international economics, U. of Lancaster, UK), argue for the extension of the power of the WTO over policy areas and beyond border trade measures and analyze how to implement this agenda. Under the heading of trade liberalization, a group of chapters explore issues of market access in manufactures and agricultural goods on a multilateral or regional basis. Other contributions look at the links between competition and other industrial policies or interventions. Finally, contributors focus more specifically on the structure and actions of the World Trade Organization in policing the neoliberal system. The general tone of the work is uncritical and unquestioning acceptance of the WTO's agenda, with an occasional comment slipping in about possible harms to the world's poor. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author: Amanda Athayde
Author: Amanda Athayde
Author: J. Bourgeois
Author: Rambod Behboodi
Author: Steven Joshua Warnecke
Author: Usha C.V. Haley
Author: Morris E. Morkre
Author: David B. Yoffie
Author: Díaz-Bonilla, Eugenio
Author: J. Peter Neary
Author: Chris Milner