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Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781728664552 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
The progress on compression of video sequences is discussed. The overall goal of the research was the development of data compression algorithms for high-definition television (HDTV) sequences, but most of our research is general enough to be applicable to much more general problems. We have concentrated on coding algorithms based on both sub-band and transform approaches. Two very fundamental issues arise in designing a sub-band coder. First, the form of the signal decomposition must be chosen to yield band-pass images with characteristics favorable to efficient coding. A second basic consideration, whether coding is to be done in two or three dimensions, is the form of the coders to be applied to each sub-band. Computational simplicity is of essence. We review the first portion of the year, during which we improved and extended some of the previous grant period's results. The pyramid nonrectangular sub-band coder limited to intra-frame application is discussed. Perhaps the most critical component of the sub-band structure is the design of bandsplitting filters. We apply very simple recursive filters, which operate at alternating levels on rectangularly sampled, and quincunx sampled images. We will also cover the techniques we have studied for the coding of the resulting bandpass signals. We discuss adaptive three-dimensional coding which takes advantage of the detection algorithm developed last year. To this point, all the work on this project has been done without the benefit of motion compensation (MC). Motion compensation is included in many proposed codecs, but adds significant computational burden and hardware expense. We have sought to find a lower-cost alternative featuring a simple adaptation to motion in the form of the codec. In sequences of high spatial detail and zooming or panning, it appears that MC will likely be necessary for the proposed quality and bit rates. Sauer, Ken and Bauer, Peter Unspecified Center NAG3-1186
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781728664552 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
The progress on compression of video sequences is discussed. The overall goal of the research was the development of data compression algorithms for high-definition television (HDTV) sequences, but most of our research is general enough to be applicable to much more general problems. We have concentrated on coding algorithms based on both sub-band and transform approaches. Two very fundamental issues arise in designing a sub-band coder. First, the form of the signal decomposition must be chosen to yield band-pass images with characteristics favorable to efficient coding. A second basic consideration, whether coding is to be done in two or three dimensions, is the form of the coders to be applied to each sub-band. Computational simplicity is of essence. We review the first portion of the year, during which we improved and extended some of the previous grant period's results. The pyramid nonrectangular sub-band coder limited to intra-frame application is discussed. Perhaps the most critical component of the sub-band structure is the design of bandsplitting filters. We apply very simple recursive filters, which operate at alternating levels on rectangularly sampled, and quincunx sampled images. We will also cover the techniques we have studied for the coding of the resulting bandpass signals. We discuss adaptive three-dimensional coding which takes advantage of the detection algorithm developed last year. To this point, all the work on this project has been done without the benefit of motion compensation (MC). Motion compensation is included in many proposed codecs, but adds significant computational burden and hardware expense. We have sought to find a lower-cost alternative featuring a simple adaptation to motion in the form of the codec. In sequences of high spatial detail and zooming or panning, it appears that MC will likely be necessary for the proposed quality and bit rates. Sauer, Ken and Bauer, Peter Unspecified Center NAG3-1186
Author: T.A. Ramstad Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080550851 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
Sixth in the book series, Advances in Image Communication, which documents the rapid advancements of recent years in image communication technologies, this volume provides a comprehensive exploration of subband coding.Originally, subband coding and transform coding were developed separately. The former, however, benefitted considerably from the earlier evolution of transform coding theory and practice. Retaining their own terminology and views, the two methods are closely related and this book indeed aims to unify the approaches. Specifically, the volume contributes effectively to the understanding of frequency domain coding techniques. Many images from coding experiments are presented, enabling the reader to consider the properties of different coders.Chapter 1 introduces the problem of image compression in general terms. Sampling of images and other fundamental concepts, such as entropy and the rate distortion function, are briefly reviewed. The idea of viewing coding techniques as series expansions is also introduced. The second chapter presents signal decomposition and the conditions for perfect reconstruction from minimum representations. Chapter 3 deals with filter bank structures, primarily those displaying the perfect reconstruction property. Quantization techniques and the efficient exploitation of the bit resources are discussed from a theoretical perspective in Chapter 4 and this issue is further examined in Chapter 6, from a more practical point of view. Chapter 5 provides a development of gain formulas, i.e. quantitative measures of the performance of filter banks in a subband coding context, and these are then employed in a search for optimal filter banks. A number of examples of coded images using different subband coders are presented in Chapter 7, these indicating that subband coders give rise to some characteristic types of image degradations. Accordingly, Chapter 8 presents several techniques for minimizing these artifacts. The theory and practice of subband coding of video, at several target bit rates, is discussed in the last chapter.
Author: Pankaj N. Topiwala Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0306470438 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 434
Book Description
An exciting new development has taken place in the digital era that has captured the imagination and talent of researchers around the globe - wavelet image compression. This technology has deep roots in theories of vision, and promises performance improvements over all other compression methods, such as those based on Fourier transforms, vectors quantizers, fractals, neural nets, and many others. It is this revolutionary new technology that is presented in Wavelet Image and Video Compression, in a form that is accessible to the largest audience possible. Wavelet Image and Video Compression is divided into four parts. Part I, Background Material, introduces the basic mathematical structures that underly image compression algorithms with the intention of providing an easy introduction to the mathematical concepts that are prerequisites for the remainder of the book. It explains such topics as change of bases, scalar and vector quantization, bit allocation and rate-distortion theory, entropy coding, the discrete-cosine transform, wavelet filters and other related topics. Part II, Still Image Coding, presents a spectrum of wavelet still image coding techniques. Part III, Special Topics in Still Image Coding, provides a variety of example coding schemes with a special flavor in either approach or application domain. Part IV, Video Coding, examines wavelet and pyramidal coding techniques for video data. Wavelet Image and Video Compression serves as an excellent reference and may be used as a text for advanced courses covering the subject.
Author: Aggelos Katsaggelos Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475765142 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 311
Book Description
Signal Recovery Techniques for Image and Video Compression and Transmission establishes a bridge between the fields of signal recovery and image and video compression. Traditionally these fields have developed separately because the problems they examined were regarded as very different, and the techniques used appear unrelated. Recently, though, there is growing consent among the research community that the two fields are quite closely related. Indeed, in both fields the objective is to reconstruct the best possible signal from limited information. The field of signal recovery, which is relatively mature, has long been associated with a wealth of powerful mathematical techniques such as Bayesian estimation and the theory of projects onto convex sets (to name just two). This book illustrates for the first time in a complete volume how these techniques can be brought to bear on the very important problems of image and video compression and transmission. Signal Recovery Techniques for Image and Video Compression and Transmission, which is written by leading practitioners in both fields, is one of the first references that addresses this approach and serves as an excellent information source for both researchers and practicing engineers.
Author: David Salomon Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475729391 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 440
Book Description
From archiving data to CD-ROMs, and from coding theory to image analysis, many facets of computing make use of data compression in one form or another. This is an overview of the many different types of compression, including a taxonomy, an analysis of the most common systems of compression, discussion of their relative benefits and disadvantages, and their most common uses. Readers are presupposed to have a basic understanding of computer science -- essentially the storage of data in bytes and bits and computing terminology -- but otherwise this book is self-contained. It divides neatly into four main parts based on the main branches of data compression: run length encoding, statistical methods, dictionary-based methods, and lossy image compression. All of the most well-known compression techniques are covered including Zip, BinHex, Huffman coding, and GIF.
Author: Ali N. Akansu Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461304830 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 459
Book Description
The scientists and engineers of today are relentless in their continuing study and analysis of the world about us from the microcosm to the macrocosm. A central purpose of this study is to gain sufficient scientific information and insight to enable the development of both representative and useful models of the superabundance of physical processes that surround us. The engineers need these models and the associated insight in order to build the information processing systems and control systems that comprise these new and emerging technologies. Much of the early modeling work that has been done on these systems has been based on the linear time-invariant system theory and its extensive use of Fourier transform theory for both continuous and discrete systems and signals. However many of the signals arising in nature and real systems are neither stationary nor linear but tend to be concentrated in both time and frequency. Hence a new methodology is needed to take these factors properly into account.
Author: Madhuri A. Joshi Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 148222822X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
Image and video signals require large transmission bandwidth and storage, leading to high costs. The data must be compressed without a loss or with a small loss of quality. Thus, efficient image and video compression algorithms play a significant role in the storage and transmission of data. Image and Video Compression: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Applications explains the major techniques for image and video compression and demonstrates their practical implementation using MATLAB® programs. Designed for students, researchers, and practicing engineers, the book presents both basic principles and real practical applications. In an accessible way, the book covers basic schemes for image and video compression, including lossless techniques and wavelet- and vector quantization-based image compression and digital video compression. The MATLAB programs enable readers to gain hands-on experience with the techniques. The authors provide quality metrics used to evaluate the performance of the compression algorithms. They also introduce the modern technique of compressed sensing, which retains the most important part of the signal while it is being sensed.
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Author: National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Author: T.A. Ramstad
Author: David S. Taubman
Author: Pankaj N. Topiwala
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Aggelos Katsaggelos
Author: David Salomon
Author: Ali N. Akansu
Author: Madhuri A. Joshi