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Author: Keerthi Srivastav Valluru Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biology Languages : en Pages : 91
Book Description
The purpose of this research study is to explore novel imaging methodologies using advanced polarimetric principles in conjunction with molecular contrast agents and biomarkers for early detection of tissue abnormalities. The novelty of this work consists in the use of optically active polar molecules, proteins and enzymes as innovative biomolecular contrast agents to extract biochemical and structural information contained within the optical signatures emitted by the tissue upon light interrogation. A preclinical phantom with multiple refractive-index variations was designed for the study and the experiments were conducted in two phases. The first phase of experiments was performed using a Near-Infrared (NIR) Laser source by combining Rotating Retarder Polarimeter Method and Polarimetric Measurement Matrix reduction techniques. L-Phenylalanine and Insulin Glargine were chosen as molecular contrast agents for this study. The resulting Degree of Linear Polarization (DOLP) images were analyzed for contrast differences and the image quality was assessed by computing Signal-to-Background Ratios (SBRs) for every concentration of molecular contrast agent added to the surrounding medium of the target.The second phase of experiments involved a broadband visible light source (655nm) and a microscopic objective lens system to interrogate the target utilizing Polarization Discrimination Methodologies. Isopropyl Alcohol, Glucose solution and Insulin Glargine were chosen as the molecular contrast agents for this study. The resulting co-polarized and cross-polarized images were processed to obtain DOLP images which were subsequently analyzed for contrast variations for every concentration of molecular contrast agent added. The quality of images obtained was assessed by implementing edge detection techniques on the DOLP images and tracing the changes in number of pixels detected as edges for varying concentrations of molecular contrast agents. Experimental results from both the studies indicate clearly that the molecular contrast agents used in this study were successful in improving the image contrast of the DOLP images obtained through (NIR) polarimetric imaging as well as broadband visible light polarimetric imaging techniques. Specifically, the results of this study indicate that the DOLP images were more sensitive to the variations in concentrations of the molecular contrast agents added to the surrounding medium of target compared to nonpolarimetric (S0) images, leading to a net enhancement of the image contrast. Overall, the contributions of this study suggest that the presented optical principles can be successfully applied to the diagnosis and assessment of cancer in early stages utilizing molecular contrast agents in conjunction to polarimetry concepts.
Author: Keerthi Srivastav Valluru Publisher: ISBN: Category : Biology Languages : en Pages : 91
Book Description
The purpose of this research study is to explore novel imaging methodologies using advanced polarimetric principles in conjunction with molecular contrast agents and biomarkers for early detection of tissue abnormalities. The novelty of this work consists in the use of optically active polar molecules, proteins and enzymes as innovative biomolecular contrast agents to extract biochemical and structural information contained within the optical signatures emitted by the tissue upon light interrogation. A preclinical phantom with multiple refractive-index variations was designed for the study and the experiments were conducted in two phases. The first phase of experiments was performed using a Near-Infrared (NIR) Laser source by combining Rotating Retarder Polarimeter Method and Polarimetric Measurement Matrix reduction techniques. L-Phenylalanine and Insulin Glargine were chosen as molecular contrast agents for this study. The resulting Degree of Linear Polarization (DOLP) images were analyzed for contrast differences and the image quality was assessed by computing Signal-to-Background Ratios (SBRs) for every concentration of molecular contrast agent added to the surrounding medium of the target.The second phase of experiments involved a broadband visible light source (655nm) and a microscopic objective lens system to interrogate the target utilizing Polarization Discrimination Methodologies. Isopropyl Alcohol, Glucose solution and Insulin Glargine were chosen as the molecular contrast agents for this study. The resulting co-polarized and cross-polarized images were processed to obtain DOLP images which were subsequently analyzed for contrast variations for every concentration of molecular contrast agent added. The quality of images obtained was assessed by implementing edge detection techniques on the DOLP images and tracing the changes in number of pixels detected as edges for varying concentrations of molecular contrast agents. Experimental results from both the studies indicate clearly that the molecular contrast agents used in this study were successful in improving the image contrast of the DOLP images obtained through (NIR) polarimetric imaging as well as broadband visible light polarimetric imaging techniques. Specifically, the results of this study indicate that the DOLP images were more sensitive to the variations in concentrations of the molecular contrast agents added to the surrounding medium of target compared to nonpolarimetric (S0) images, leading to a net enhancement of the image contrast. Overall, the contributions of this study suggest that the presented optical principles can be successfully applied to the diagnosis and assessment of cancer in early stages utilizing molecular contrast agents in conjunction to polarimetry concepts.
Author: Helena Jelínková Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0857097547 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 827
Book Description
Lasers have a wide and growing range of applications in medicine. Lasers for Medical Applications summarises the wealth of recent research on the principles, technologies and application of lasers in diagnostics, therapy and surgery.Part one gives an overview of the use of lasers in medicine, key principles of lasers and radiation interactions with tissue. To understand the wide diversity and therefore the large possible choice of these devices for a specific diagnosis or treatment, the respective types of the laser (solid state, gas, dye, and semiconductor) are reviewed in part two. Part three describes diagnostic laser methods, for example optical coherence tomography, spectroscopy, optical biopsy, and time-resolved fluorescence polarization spectroscopy. Those methods help doctors to refine the scope of involvement of the particular body part or, for example, to specify the extent of a tumor. Part four concentrates on the therapeutic applications of laser radiation in particular branches of medicine, including ophthalmology, dermatology, cardiology, urology, gynecology, otorhinolaryngology (ORL), neurology, dentistry, orthopaedic surgery and cancer therapy, as well as laser coatings of implants. The final chapter includes the safety precautions with which the staff working with laser instruments must be familiar.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, this important book summarizes international achievements in the field of laser applications in medicine in the past 50 years. It provides a valuable contribution to laser medicine by outstanding experts in medicine and engineering. - Describes the interaction of laser light with tissue - Reviews every type of laser used in medicine: solid state, gas, dye and semiconductor - Describes the use of lasers for diagnostics
Author: Junjie Xiao Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811043973 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 300
Book Description
The book provides and intensive overview on exosomes in cardiovascular diseases, its potential as biomarkers, as well as pathological and therapeutic effects. It firstly describes the general aspects of exosomes including the definition, formation and secretion of exosomes and highlight their roles as biomarkers and pathological and therapeutic effects in cardiovascular diseases as well. Secondly, basic aspects of exosomes including the purification methods of exosomes, exosomes content, and functional roles of the cardiovascular exosomes are summarized. Thirdly, exosomes as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases are overviewed including their roles in diagnosis, prognosis and reaction to therapy. Fourthly, pathological effects of exosomes and therapeutic effects of exosomes are highlighted. Finally, future prospects of exosomes in cardiovascular research would be provided. This is an essential reference for researchers working in cell biology and regeneration, as well as clinicians such as cardiologist.
Author: Serge Cosnier Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9814411477 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 405
Book Description
Since four decades, rapid detection and monitoring in clinical and food diagnostics and in environmental and biodefense have paved the way for the elaboration of electrochemical biosensors. Thanks to their adaptability, ease of use in relatively complex samples, and their portability, electrochemical biosensors now are one of the mainstays of analy
Author: Mohammed Zourob Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387751130 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 980
Book Description
Principles of Bacterial Detection: Biosensors, Recognition Receptors and Microsystems will cover the up-to-date biosensor technologies used for the detection of bacteria. Written by the world's most renowned and learned scientists each in their own area of expertise, Principles of Bacterial Detection: Biosensors, Recognition Receptors and Microsystems is the first title to cover this expanding research field.
Author: Nitish V. Thakor Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 9811655405 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 3686
Book Description
This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.
Author: Adil Denizli Publisher: IOP Publishing Limited ISBN: 9780750338653 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 275
Book Description
Developments and applications of biosensor platforms for analysis of viral infections including Coronavirus, HIV, Hepatitis, Ebola, Zika, Norovirus, Influenza, SARS etc. Embraces properties, fabrication, and recent research regarding optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric, fluorescence, thermal, magnetic and micromechanical sensor families.
Author: Raymond G Hill Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences ISBN: 0702053163 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
The modern pharmacopeia has enormous power to alleviate disease, and owes its existence almost entirely to the work of the pharmaceutical industry. This book provides an introduction to the way the industry goes about the discovery and development of new drugs. The first part gives a brief historical account from its origins in the mediaeval apothecaries' trade, and discusses the changing understanding of what we mean by disease, and what therapy aims to achieve, as well as summarising case histories of the discovery and development of some important drugs. The second part focuses on the science and technology involved in the discovery process: the stages by which a promising new chemical entity is identified, from the starting point of a medical need and an idea for addressing it. A chapter on biopharmaceuticals, whose discovery and development tend to follow routes somewhat different from synthetic compounds, is included here, as well as accounts of patent issues that arise in the discovery phase, and a chapter on research management in this environment. The third section of the book deals with drug development: the work that has to be undertaken to turn the drug candidate that emerges from the discovery process into a product on the market. - The definitive introduction to how a pharmaceutical company goes about its business of discovering and developing drugs. The second edition has a new editor: Professor Raymond Hill ? non-executive director of Addex Pharmaceuticals, Covagen and of Orexo AB ? Visiting Industrial Professor of Pharmacology in the University of Bristol ? Visiting Professor in the School of Medical and Health Sciences at the University of Surrey ? Visiting Professor in Physiology and Pharmacology at the University of Strathclyde ? President and Chair of the Council of the British Pharmacological Society ? member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics and the Advisory Council on Misuse of Drugs. New to this edition: - Completely rewritten chapter on The Role of Medicinal Chemistry in the Drug Discovery Process. - New topic - DMPK Optimization Strategy in drug discovery. - New chapter on Scaffolds: Small globular proteins as antibody substitutes. - Totally updated chapters on Intellectual Property and Marketing - 50 new illustrations in full colour Features - Accessible, general guide to pharmaceutical research and development. - Examines the interfaces between cost and social benefit, quality control and mass production, regulatory bodies, patent management, and all interdisciplinary intersections essential to effective drug development. - Written by a strong team of scientists with long experience in the pharmaceutical industry. - Solid overview of all the steps from lab bench to market in an easy-to-understand way which will be accessible to non-specialists. From customer reviews of the previous edition: '... it will have everything you need to know on this module. Deeply referenced and, thus, deeply reliable. - Highly Commended in the medicine category of the BMA 2006 medical book competition - Winner of the Royal Society of Medicine Library Prize for Medical Book of the Year
Author: Mousumi Debnath Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9048132614 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 527
Book Description
A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems. The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body. To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to: Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnostics Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic tools The book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book. Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural crops Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases. Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies. Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drug resistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered. Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc. The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.
Author: Séamus Higson Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0857097180 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
Biomedical sensors are an essential tool in the detection and monitoring of a wide range of medical conditions from cancer to Parkinson's disease. Biosensors for medical applications provides a comprehensive review of established, cutting edge and future trends in biomedical sensors and their applications.Part one focuses on key principles and transduction approaches, reviewing electrochemical, piezoelectric and nano-sized biosensors. Impedence interrogated affinity biosensors for medical applications and practical applications of enzyme biosensors are explored, before part two goes on to review specific medical applications. Biosensors for DNA and RNA detection and characterization, disease biomarker detection, and the use of affibodies as an alternative to antibodies in cancer marker biosensors are investigated, along with biosensors for drug testing and discovery, non-invasive measurements, and wearable biosensors for medical applications.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Biosensors for medical applications is an essential guide for all those involved in the research, design, production and use of medical biosensors. - Provides a comprehensive review of established, cutting edge and future trends in biomedical sensors and their applications - Examines key principles and transduction approaches, reviewing electrochemical, piezoelectric and nano-sized biosensors - Reviews biosensors for DNA and RNA detection and characterisation, disease biomarker detection, and the use of affibodies as an alternative to antibodies in cancer marker biosensors
Author: Keerthi Srivastav Valluru
Author: Keerthi Srivastav Valluru
Author: Helena Jelínková
Author: Junjie Xiao
Author: Serge Cosnier
Author: Mohammed Zourob
Author: Nitish V. Thakor
Author: Adil Denizli
Author: Raymond G Hill
Author: Mousumi Debnath
Author: Séamus Higson