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Author: Scott William Miller Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
This study asked 263 students at The University of Alabama to identify their access to and primary usage of local, state, and national parks and their preferred method to pay for these recreation areas, particularly in times of insufficient revenues to maintain full operational activities. This study was developed from observations of local, state, and federal cutbacks to parks and recreation budgets during the recession of 2008-2010. This research attempts to build upon the body of evidence that points towards continued flat to declining budgets for many parks and recreation departments. Although this study did not identify a preferred method to keep parks operational during times of insufficient revenues, three areas of strong consensus were found among survey respondents. First, more than 90% of respondents identified local, state, and national parks as very important or important. Second, more than 90% of respondents also agreed that taxes should be used to completely or partially subsidize the costs of public parks and recreation areas. Finally, less than 10% of survey respondents found closing parks or selling parklands to be a preferred method to overcome budget shortfalls. In addition, although respondents enjoy parks and believe some taxes should be used to subsidize them, less than 20% of respondents support tax increases to overcome budget shortfalls. In light of the findings of this study, it seems that the fundamental issue between wanting public services and resisting paying taxes for them is evident in funding public parks. Despite this mismatch, several alternatives could be used by parks and recreation managers in the future to ensure a large and diverse system of parks. These include but are not limited to privatizing additional aspects of parks operations, introducing new or additional user fees for facilities maintenance and upkeep, and encouraging local groups and recreational enthusiasts to manage portions of existing parks.
Author: Scott William Miller Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 98
Book Description
This study asked 263 students at The University of Alabama to identify their access to and primary usage of local, state, and national parks and their preferred method to pay for these recreation areas, particularly in times of insufficient revenues to maintain full operational activities. This study was developed from observations of local, state, and federal cutbacks to parks and recreation budgets during the recession of 2008-2010. This research attempts to build upon the body of evidence that points towards continued flat to declining budgets for many parks and recreation departments. Although this study did not identify a preferred method to keep parks operational during times of insufficient revenues, three areas of strong consensus were found among survey respondents. First, more than 90% of respondents identified local, state, and national parks as very important or important. Second, more than 90% of respondents also agreed that taxes should be used to completely or partially subsidize the costs of public parks and recreation areas. Finally, less than 10% of survey respondents found closing parks or selling parklands to be a preferred method to overcome budget shortfalls. In addition, although respondents enjoy parks and believe some taxes should be used to subsidize them, less than 20% of respondents support tax increases to overcome budget shortfalls. In light of the findings of this study, it seems that the fundamental issue between wanting public services and resisting paying taxes for them is evident in funding public parks. Despite this mismatch, several alternatives could be used by parks and recreation managers in the future to ensure a large and diverse system of parks. These include but are not limited to privatizing additional aspects of parks operations, introducing new or additional user fees for facilities maintenance and upkeep, and encouraging local groups and recreational enthusiasts to manage portions of existing parks.
Author: Jadrian Wooten Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1000401626 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 167
Book Description
This book provides an in-depth look at the primary foundations of economics explored through the lens of the Pawnee Department of Parks and Recreation. Each episode of the hit television series, Parks and Recreation, includes material to help an eager learner understand the basics of one of the most fascinating fields of study. Whether you’ve wondered how economists determine specialization or why fast-food restaurants continue to pop up around your neighborhood, the same situations have occurred in Pawnee. Each chapter highlights key scenes or major episodes that demonstrate how the characters experience economics in exactly the same way the rest of us do. This text primarily builds on the debates that take place between Leslie, Ron, and their co-workers, while also exploring key questions such as whether governments should try to help people through direct intervention or sell off all the swings to private corporations and let businesses handle day-to-day decisions. Learn how incentives can make Jerry appear to be a more productive employee short-term, but end up causing chaos. Do you wonder what it would be like to live in the early 1800s? Thankfully Leslie has already done that for us. This book is a must-read for anyone looking for a fun way to learn the principles of economics, including as a supplementary text, and for all fans of Parks and Recreation. Take the advice of Tom and Donna and treat yo’ self to this key read.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: John L. Crompton Publisher: Human Kinetics Publishers ISBN: 9780880118064 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 535
Book Description
With shrinking tax-based resources and an obligation to meet the needs of a diverse and demanding public, the future success of park and recreation administrators hangs on their ability to solve the financial challenges they face every day. Financing and Acquiring Park and Recreation Resources reveals the secrets of many of those who have met this challenge. It's a practical resource for professionals and an invaluable blueprint for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in recreation and park administration.
Author: Nicholas Pitas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The purpose of this dissertation was to better understand the factors that drive acceptance of or opposition to traditional and alternative funding strategies for local public park and recreation services. Traditionally such services are financed primarily through tax-based allocations. Recently however, the public funding model for these services has become increasingly inadequate and inconsistent. Following a golden era spanning the late 20th and early 21st centuries, support for local public parks and recreation fell dramatically. Overall funding for parks and recreation fell, funding decreased relative to other public services, and full-time jobs were lost at a hitherto unprecedented rate. As a result, alternative funding strategies have garnered increased attention as a potential method of retaining service quality and delivery. Privatization, any activity that reduces the publics role in the financing and delivery of public services, is one such alternative strategy, and the focus of this dissertation. Although privatization may indeed mean selling public lands and facilities to the highest bidder, it is more likely to be a matter of degree. Individual practices such as corporate sponsorship, outsourcing, and increased reliance on volunteers are all examples of specific privatization practices. Just how public and how private any agency actually is may be a matter of debate, but implementing these practices is part of an incremental process moving an agency along a spectrum from fully public to fully private. Understanding constituent support for or opposition to these practices, as well as the factors that shape those attitudes, is of critical concern to practitioners who wish to explore privatization as a funding mechanism while maintaining public support and goodwill.Chapter One serves as an introduction to the concept of privatization, as well as an overview of the current public funding situation. Chapter Five provides key findings, implications for practitioners within parks and recreation, and potential future research directions. The body of this dissertation consists of three individual studies, which comprise the second, third, and fourth chapters. The first study (Chapter Two) provides an overview of attitudes towards privatization as a whole, towards individual privatization practices, and the factors that shape those attitudes. Attitudinal structure, as well as the level of ambivalence felt by respondents are also assessed. Within group differences are then presented, allowing for an understanding of how members of certain groups perceive the suite of privatization activities. Study two (Chapter Three) consists of a contingent valuation analysis, which calculates the relative percentage of tax-funding respondents would allocate to parks and recreation and nine competitive local public services. The role of values and attitudes in explaining net allocations to parks and recreation is then explored using a model based on the cognitive hierarchy of human behavior. The final study (Chapter Four) explores the role of values, ideology, and attitudes in shaping support for the implementation of privatization practices. A model based on the cognitive hierarchy of human behavior is presented and tested.
Author: Scott William Miller
Author: Scott William Miller
Author: Jadrian Wooten
Author: United States. National Park Service
Author: United States. Congress
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Robert L. Wilder
Author: Robert L. Wilder
Author: John L. Crompton
Author: Nicholas Pitas
Author: