Author: Richard A. EstacioPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : College athletes
Languages : en
Pages : 284
Book Description
Student-athletes, Stereotype Threat, and the Dual Stigmatization of Female Athletes
Author: Richard A. EstacioPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : College athletes
Languages : en
Pages : 284
Book Description
Susceptibility of Collegiate Student Athletes to the Effects of Stereotype Threat
Author: Richard SchneiderPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : College athletes
Languages : en
Pages : 162
Book Description
The Effects of Stereotype Threat on Women's Athletic Performance and Physiological Arousal
Author: Kimberly A. NealPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Women athletes
Languages : en
Pages : 62
Book Description
"Limited research has been done examining the effects of stereotype threat in sports, and none has examined its effects on female athletes. The current study explored whether female athletic performance is affected by stereotype threat. Physiological arousal and perceived anxiety experienced during the sports tasks were also examined as possible mediators. Participants were tennis and basketball athletes, who were gathered from Eastern Washington University athletics and psychology courses. Participants ' performed two basketball or tennis tasks after being told there was a gender difference on the task (stereotype threat condition) or there was no gender difference (control condition). Results indicated that women do have a decrease in performance when confronted with stereotype threat, but this effect was only shown for the more difficult athletic task. Results contradicted past research regarding arousal/anxiety and stereotype threat. Even though results indicated that women had an increase in anxiety in the stereotype threat condition, participants' increase in anxiety correlated with better performance instead of worse performance. I discuss some possible contributing factors to the results obtained, as well as some implications regarding the current research"--Document.
The Experience of Shifting Standards for Women Athletes
Author: Jill Marie WagamanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gender identity
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Book Description
Women athletes were recruited to investigate the experience of 'shifting standards.' Shifting standards occurs when people use stereotypes (e.g. gender and athleticism) to make a relative judgment about performance or behavior. Whereas past research has examined shifting standards from the perceiver's perspective, the current project investigates shifting standards from the target's perspective. To inform our hypotheses, we relied on stereotype threat literature (Stone et al., 1999) and the motivational model for stereotyped tasks (Smith, Sansone & White, 2007). Using athletics as the stereotyped domain, Study 1 demonstrated that the masculine nature of the domain was important in predicting reactions to shifting standards feedback. In addition, there was a positive relationship between stigma consciousness and domain identification. In Study 2, college students and community participants were recruited using a pre-screen questionnaire assessing domain identification and primary sport played. As a result, self-identified women athletes (n = 77, 15.6% community) were blocked on the masculine nature of the sport, resulting in a 2 (type of sport: masculine, non-masculine) x 3 (feedback: positive, shifting standards, no feedback) between-subjects design. After first engaging in an ambiguous athletic test, participants received the feedback manipulation. Participants were presented with a "word puzzle" and completed a measure of gender stereotype activation. Then, a second unambiguous test was administered to measure performance, and participants completed post-test measures assessing interest, future motivation, and self-esteem. The athletic tasks were ostensibly assessing the sport each woman most identified with, but all participants actually received the same two tests. The proposed relationship between feedback, performance, and motivation was unaffected by type of sport. Explanations are provided for why this relationship was not supported. Instead, stigma consciousness moderated the effect of feedback on performance and motivation. Women high in stigma consciousness receiving shifting standards feedback showed high gender stereotype activation, low performance, and low interest compared to women high in stigma consciousness receiving positive feedback. These results were not due to participants' self-esteem or level of commitment to the test. Theoretical and practical implications for the experience of shifting standards are discussed.
Racism in College Athletics
Author: Dana D. BrooksPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
Stereotype threat and the student-athlete
Author: Thomas S. DeePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 33
Book Description
Achievement gaps may reflect the cognitive impairment thought to occur in evaluative settings (e.g., classrooms) where a stereotyped identity is salient (i.e., stereotype threat). This study presents an economic model of stereotype threat that reconciles prior evidence on how student effort and performance are influenced by this social-identity phenomenon. This study also presents empirical evidence from a laboratory experiment in which students at a selective college were randomly assigned to a treatment that primed their awareness of a stereotyped identity (i.e., student-athlete). This treatment reduced the test-score performance of athletes relative to non-athletes by 14 percent (effect size = -1.0).
The Game of Life
Author: James L. ShulmanPublisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400840694
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 497
Book Description
The President of Williams College faces a firestorm for not allowing the women's lacrosse team to postpone exams to attend the playoffs. The University of Michigan loses $2.8 million on athletics despite averaging 110,000 fans at each home football game. Schools across the country struggle with the tradeoffs involved with recruiting athletes and updating facilities for dozens of varsity sports. Does increasing intensification of college sports support or detract from higher education's core mission? James Shulman and William Bowen introduce facts into a terrain overrun by emotions and enduring myths. Using the same database that informed The Shape of the River, the authors analyze data on 90,000 students who attended thirty selective colleges and universities in the 1950s, 1970s, and 1990s. Drawing also on historical research and new information on giving and spending, the authors demonstrate how athletics influence the class composition and campus ethos of selective schools, as well as the messages that these institutions send to prospective students, their parents, and society at large. Shulman and Bowen show that athletic programs raise even more difficult questions of educational policy for small private colleges and highly selective universities than they do for big-time scholarship-granting schools. They discover that today's athletes, more so than their predecessors, enter college less academically well-prepared and with different goals and values than their classmates--differences that lead to different lives. They reveal that gender equity efforts have wrought large, sometimes unanticipated changes. And they show that the alumni appetite for winning teams is not--as schools often assume--insatiable. If a culprit emerges, it is the unquestioned spread of a changed athletic culture through the emulation of highly publicized teams by low-profile sports, of men's programs by women's, and of athletic powerhouses by small colleges. Shulman and Bowen celebrate the benefits of collegiate sports, while identifying the subtle ways in which athletic intensification can pull even prestigious institutions from their missions. By examining how athletes and other graduates view The Game of Life--and how colleges shape society's view of what its rules should be--Bowen and Shulman go far beyond sports. They tell us about higher education today: the ways in which colleges set policies, reinforce or neglect their core mission, and send signals about what matters.
Minority, Student, and Athlete
Author: Angel L. BrutusThe Institution of Sport
Author: Rebecca MartindalePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
The purpose of this study is to discuss the intersectionality of feminine identity and athletic identity, as well as the public representation of female athletes, labeling, and the construction of dual identities. Media images of elite female athletes were deconstructed in order to analyze how media images of female athletes mold and influence public opinion and discourse. The findings of this study discuss stereotypes of femininity, while deconstructing how the media influences the societal interpretation of femininity, and how this affects the advancement of women's sport. This discussion concludes that femininity and appearance are at the root of how society understands and values female athletes. Successful female athletes automatically become representative of all women in sport, and their actions and public image on and off the field of play have a substantial impact on the sustainability and advancement of female sport in general.
Alleviating Athletic Stereotype Threat in Women of Sport
Author: Lauren A. AndersonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Role models
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description