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Author: Norio Ise Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540277153 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
This book is designed to critically review experimental findings on ionic polymers and colloidal particles and to prove a theoretical framework based on the Poisson-Boltzmann approach. Structure formation in ionic polymer solutions has attracted attention since the days of H. Staudinger and J. D. Bernal. An independent study on ionic colloidal dispersions with microscopy provided a compelling evidence of structure formation. Recent technical developments have made it possible to accumulate relevant information for both ionic polymers and colloidal particles in dilute systems. The outstanding phenomenon experimentally found is microscopic inhomogeneity in the solute distribution in macroscopically homogeneous systems.To account for the observation, the present authors have invoked the existence of the counterion-mediated attraction between similarly charged solute species, in addition to the widely accepted electrostatic repulsion.
Author: Norio Ise Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540277153 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 351
Book Description
This book is designed to critically review experimental findings on ionic polymers and colloidal particles and to prove a theoretical framework based on the Poisson-Boltzmann approach. Structure formation in ionic polymer solutions has attracted attention since the days of H. Staudinger and J. D. Bernal. An independent study on ionic colloidal dispersions with microscopy provided a compelling evidence of structure formation. Recent technical developments have made it possible to accumulate relevant information for both ionic polymers and colloidal particles in dilute systems. The outstanding phenomenon experimentally found is microscopic inhomogeneity in the solute distribution in macroscopically homogeneous systems.To account for the observation, the present authors have invoked the existence of the counterion-mediated attraction between similarly charged solute species, in addition to the widely accepted electrostatic repulsion.
Author: Yachin Cohen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Morphology Languages : en Pages : 324
Book Description
The development of morphology, when solutions of rigid polymers are transformed from the liquid to the solid state, was studied in two particular cases: coagulation of a monodomain nematic solution and gelation of a dilute isotropic solution. Direct observation of the morphology by electron microscopy (E.M.) was augmented by measurements of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). A theoretical framework for the analysis of SAXS measurements from oriented systems using a slit-collimated incident beam was developed. The first case is realized in the coagulation stage of the spinning process of high performance fibers and films from solutions of rigid macromolecules. A monodomain nematic solution of poly (p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) PBT in polyphosphoric acid PPA undergoes a transition to the solid state by the action of a non solvent (water) . For the second case, gelation of an Isotropic solution of poly (alpha-benzyl- 1-glutamate), induced by a decrease in temperature, was studied. Keywords: Poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole), Morphology, Rigid Rod, Polymers, Thiazoles, Crystals, Solvate, Nematic, Coagulation, Polybenzylglutamate.
Author: Werner Güttinger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642730019 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 439
Book Description
The formation and evolution of complex dynamical structures is one of the most exciting areas of nonlinear physics. Such pattern formation problems are common in practically all systems involving a large number of interacting components. Here, the basic problem is to understand how competing physical forces can shape stable geometries and to explain why nature prefers just these. Motivation for the intensive study of pattern formation phenomena during the past few years derives from an increasing appreciation of the remarkable diversity of behaviour encountered in nonlinear systems and of universal features shared by entire classes of nonlinear processes. As physics copes with ever more ambi tious problems in pattern formation, summarizing our present state of knowledge becomes a pressing issue. This volume presents an overview of selected topics in this field of current interest. It deals with theoretical models of pattern formation and with simulations that bridge the gap between theory and experiment. The book is a product of the International Symposium on the Physics of Structure Formation, held from October 27 through November 2, 1986, at the Institute for Information Sciences of the University of Tiibingen. The symposium brought together a group of distinguished scientists from various disciplines to exchange ideas about recent advances in pattern formation in the physical sciences, and also to introduce young scientists to the fi
Author: G. A. Korablev Publisher: Walter de Gruyter ISBN: 3110935031 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 433
Book Description
The book contains methodology for evaluating formation processes for multi-component systems based on the understanding of spatial-energy parameter, as well as vast computation and informative material.
Author: H. Ohtaki Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483291421 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 361
Book Description
Recent advances in the study of structural and dynamic properties of solutions have provided a molecular picture of solute-solvent interactions. Although the study of thermodynamic as well as electronic properties of solutions have played a role in the development of research on the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions, such macroscopic and microscopic properties are insufficient for a deeper understanding of fast chemical and biological reactions. In order to fill the gap between the two extremes, it is necessary to know how molecules are arranged in solution and how they change their positions in both the short and long range. This book has been designed to meet these criteria. It is possible to develop a sound microscopic picture for reaction dynamics in solution without molecular-level knowledge of how reacting ionic or neutral species are solvated and how rapidly the molecular environment is changing with time. A variety of actual examples is given as to how and when modern molecular approaches can be used to solve specific solution problems. The following tools are discussed: x-ray and neutron diffraction, EXAFS, and XANES, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo computer simulations, Raman, infrared, NMR, fluorescence, and photoelectron emission spectroscopic methods, conductance and viscosity measurements, high pressure techniques, and statistical mechanics methods. Static and dynamic properties of ionic solvation, molecular solvation, ion-pair formation, ligand exchange reactions, and typical organic solvents are useful for bridging the gap between classical thermodynamic studies and modern single-molecule studies in the gas phase. The book will be of interest to solution, physical, inorganic, analytical and structural chemists as well as to chemical kineticists.
Author: H. Sonntag Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475706170 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 189
Book Description
Colloidal dispersions play a very important role in nature, industry, and daily life. Sometimes, long-term stability is observed or desired as in ferrotluids (composed of very small magnetic particles with radii of ~ 10 nm), which must be stable even in external fields. On the other hand, only short-term stable dispersions may be necessary during actual processing operations, for example, dispersions of magnetite particles during tape manufacture. The stability of dispersions and many of their physical properties are related to the interaction between the particles in the dispersion medium, which may contain surfactants or macromolecular species. If the net interparticle interaction forces are attractive, then aggregation may occur. Two general types of aggregation behavior may be distinguished: coagulation and flocculation. These two terms are frequently used synonymously but IUPAC has recommended the following definitions: Coagulation implies formation of compact aggregates, leading to the macroscopic separation. Flocculation implies the formation of a loose or open network, floc, which may or may not separate macroscopically. Flocculation brought about by the simultaneous coadsorption of polymer molecules on two (or more) particles is referred to as bridging flocculation. If coagulation results in the merging of two particles into one, as may occur with liquid droplets in emulsions, this process is referred to as coalescence.
Author: Norio Ise
Author: Norio Ise
Author: 
Author: T. Padmanabhan
Author: Yachin Cohen
Author: Werner Güttinger
Author: Elisavet Prodromos Vrahopoulou
Author: G. A. Korablev
Author: Jeannine Heller
Author: H. Ohtaki
Author: H. Sonntag