Structure and Function of Palpi in the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Say) PDF Download

Author: Avalokitesvara Sen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 264

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Author: Mandla Mpho
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN: 9780612110915
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 158

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Author: Zachary Cohen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 236

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Rapid evolution is becoming increasingly relevant to evolutionary biologists and ecologists, especially in the context of global environmental change. This thesis is motivated by the goal of understanding the genomic mechanisms and evolutionary history that allow pest insects to rapidly adapt to their environment. A deeper understanding of how agriculturally impactful pest species successfully overcome environmental challenges is not only of fundamental interest, but it can also translate into new efforts to mitigate pest impacts and improve sustainable food production. Few systems exemplify adaptability to environmental novelty and selective pressure as well as agricultural super-pests. This status is reserved for those that have a major impact on crop yield and a propensity for rapid development of pesticide resistance. Among insect super-pests, the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is notable for its long history of population outbreaks, global expansion, and repeated evolution of insecticide resistance. To investigate how adaptation in this lineage has occurred since becoming an agricultural pest, I first establish a comparative phylogenomic framework examining the evolution of pest traits in the genus Leptinotarsa in Chapter 1. I use this framework to compare genomic features of CPB against nine closely-related Leptinotarsa species, to determine that CPB, and daughter species, have genome-wide elevated rates of positive selection and genes associated with plant preference, xenobiotic metabolism and stress. Furthermore, this finding seems to be attributed to larger effective population size in these lineages, possibly due to expanded host breadth. In Chapter 2, I refine the CPB reference genome and develop a reference graph of the Colorado potato beetle using pest and non-pest representative individuals. This reference elucidates an important supporting role structural variants have played in the evolution of insecticide resistance. Finally, in Chapter 3, I use population genomic resequencing of two important resistant populations to examine the demographic history, genome-wide recombination maps, and patterns of selective sweeps. I find evidence that CPB pest history mirrors known historical records and that populations exhibit independent evolution of insecticide resistance genes. Altogether, my research shows that CPB evolves insecticide resistance rapidly due to substantial standing genetic variation and by leveraging diverse molecular pathways of resistance.

Author: Albert Zitzman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 128

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Author: Miroslav Kostić
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology
Languages : en
Pages :

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Colorado potato beetle is one of the most important pests of potatoes and one of the most difficult insects to control. Over the years, none of the control techniques developed against this pest has provided long-term protection for potato crops. Worldwide, CPB is resistant to all major groups of insecticides, including organophosphates and carbamates. The target site of organophosphate (OP) and carbamate insecticides is the same; they inhibit the activity of AChE. The function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is degradation of acetylcholine (ACh - neurotransmitter) in the insect cholinergic synapses. Mutations in the AChE-encoding locus have been shown to confer target site insensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, leading to modification of AChE (MACE). A range of other amino acid substitutions in AChE confer insecticide resistance, and these mutations typically reside near to or within the active site of the enzyme. Such AChE mutations, associated with insecticide resistance, mostly known as Ace in Drosophila, have also been observed in other species, including L. decemlineata. Based on bioassays and literature, modified/insensitive AChE confers two major patterns of resistance to OPs/carbamates. Pattern I resistance is characterized by significantly higher resistance ratios (RR) (much greater reduction in the sensitivity of AChE at the biochemical level) to carbamates than to organophosphate insecticides. Pattern II resistance is characterized by resistance ratios (and/or reductions in the sensitivity of AChE) that are approximately equivalent for both carbamates and OPs. There are also a few species for which an insensitive AChE has been reported and for which molecular data have been collected, but for which the resistance profiles for both OPs and carbamates have not been reported. For CPB, both patterns were registered.

Author: Canada. Agriculture Canada
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 1

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Author: Pamela D. Sandeson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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Author: Pierre H. Jolivet
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401117810
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 583

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Chrysomelidae, along with Curculionidae and Bruchidae, are the most important phytophagous Coleoptera. At least 37,000 species of leaf beetles belonging to 19 subfamilies have now been described, and more probably remain to be discovered, especially in the tropics. Many species are familiar agricultural pests. The Colorado potato beetle, the cereal beetle, flea beetle and the corn root worms are but a few of the well known pests. Because of the economic importance and biological diversity, chrysomelids are an important taxonomic group for scientific inquiry. This book is divided into eight parts, entitled palaeontology, larvae and larval biology, trophic selection, genetics and evolution defence mechanisms, anatomy and reproduction, pathogens and natural enemies, and general studies in biology. The biologies of agricultural and forestry pests, Leptinotarsa, Plagiodera, Entomoscelis, Paropsis, Mecistomela and Aspidomorpha are dealt with in detail. Others, such as Timarcha and those in the poorly known Megalopodinae, are covered in Part VIII. In this volume the American, European, Asian and Australian fauna occupy the greatest part. This volume, together with Biology of Chrysomelidae (1988), provides a comprehensive coverage and helps to complete the picture of chrysomelid biology.

Author: Janet Louise Haley
Publisher: National Library of Canada
ISBN:
Category : Chemical senses
Languages : en
Pages : 318

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Author: Paul W. Riegert
Publisher: Entomological Society of Canada ; [Edmonton] : Entomological Society of Alberta
ISBN:
Category : Entomologists
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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