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Author: Thomas Baltz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Geology Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The Thakkhola Graben of central Nepal is one of several north-south-trending rifts and grabens throughout the Himalayan hinterland and southern Tibet. The faults bounding the graben run from the crest of the Himalayas at the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri Ranges to the suture between India and Asia. This suture is reported to separate two disparate stress regimes, arc-perpendicular compression in the Nepal Himalayas to the south and arc-parallel extension in the Tibetan Plateau to the north. However, two lines of evidence suggest the India-Asia Suture no longer functions as a structural boundary between these stress fields: (1) the Lopukangri Rift cuts and offsets the suture, and (2) the Thakkhola Graben is located south of the suture. Despite decades of research in the Thakkhola Graben, an accurate account of fault geometry and kinematics has yet to be presented. Therefore its relationship to extensional structures in Tibet and its role in Himalayan tectonics is undetermined. Field mapping, combined with kinematic modeling and reconstruction of offset piercing points, has confined the geometry and kinematics of the faults bounding the Thakkhola Graben. The western boundary of the graben is the Dangardzang Fault and the eastern boundary is the Muktinath Fault, both of which are steeply dipping and cut down into the middle crust. The Dangardzang Fault consists of two parallel fault strands, with the easternmost accommodating the majority of strain. This fault has accommodated 4.5 kilometers of dip-slip displacement, 5.3 kilometers of dextral strike-slip displacement, and 1.4 kilometers of horizontal extension. The Muktinath Fault consists of one dominant fault strand with several subsidiary faults of lesser magnitude. This fault has accommodated 4.2 kilometers of dip-slip displacement, 1.9 kilometers of sinistral strike-slip displacement, and 0.8 kilometers of horizontal extension. Comparison of the Thakkhola Graben with the Lopukangri Rift to the north shows both of these structures share similar fault geometries, magnitudes of slip, and kinematics. This relationship implies the same stress field is active on both sides of the India-Asia Suture and therefore, in this region it no longer operates as a structural boundary between the Himalayas and Tibet.
Author: Thomas Baltz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Geology Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The Thakkhola Graben of central Nepal is one of several north-south-trending rifts and grabens throughout the Himalayan hinterland and southern Tibet. The faults bounding the graben run from the crest of the Himalayas at the Annapurna and Dhaulagiri Ranges to the suture between India and Asia. This suture is reported to separate two disparate stress regimes, arc-perpendicular compression in the Nepal Himalayas to the south and arc-parallel extension in the Tibetan Plateau to the north. However, two lines of evidence suggest the India-Asia Suture no longer functions as a structural boundary between these stress fields: (1) the Lopukangri Rift cuts and offsets the suture, and (2) the Thakkhola Graben is located south of the suture. Despite decades of research in the Thakkhola Graben, an accurate account of fault geometry and kinematics has yet to be presented. Therefore its relationship to extensional structures in Tibet and its role in Himalayan tectonics is undetermined. Field mapping, combined with kinematic modeling and reconstruction of offset piercing points, has confined the geometry and kinematics of the faults bounding the Thakkhola Graben. The western boundary of the graben is the Dangardzang Fault and the eastern boundary is the Muktinath Fault, both of which are steeply dipping and cut down into the middle crust. The Dangardzang Fault consists of two parallel fault strands, with the easternmost accommodating the majority of strain. This fault has accommodated 4.5 kilometers of dip-slip displacement, 5.3 kilometers of dextral strike-slip displacement, and 1.4 kilometers of horizontal extension. The Muktinath Fault consists of one dominant fault strand with several subsidiary faults of lesser magnitude. This fault has accommodated 4.2 kilometers of dip-slip displacement, 1.9 kilometers of sinistral strike-slip displacement, and 0.8 kilometers of horizontal extension. Comparison of the Thakkhola Graben with the Lopukangri Rift to the north shows both of these structures share similar fault geometries, magnitudes of slip, and kinematics. This relationship implies the same stress field is active on both sides of the India-Asia Suture and therefore, in this region it no longer operates as a structural boundary between the Himalayas and Tibet.
Author: P.G. DeCelles Publisher: Geological Society of America ISBN: 081372547X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
"Spanning eight kilometers of topographic relief, the Himalayan fold-thrust belt in Nepal has accommodated more than 700 km of Cenozoic convergence between the Indian subcontinent and Asia. Rapid tectonic shortening and erosion in a monsoonal climate have exhumed greenschist to upper amphibolite facies rocks along with unmetamorphosed rocks, including a 5-6-km-thick Cenozoic foreland basin sequence. This Special Paper presents new geochronology, multisystem thermochronology, structural geology, and geological mapping of an approximately 37,000 km2 region in midwestern and western Nepal. This work informs enduring Himalayan debates, including how and where to map the Main Central thrust, the geometry of the seismically active basal Himalayan detachment, processes of tectonic shortening in the context of postcollisional India-Asia convergence, and long-term geodynamics of the orogenic wedge"--Publisher's website
Author: Tapas Kumar Biswal Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030405931 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 260
Book Description
This book summarizes the latest research on the structural geology of the mobile belts of the Indian subcontinent including the Himalayas, NE Himalayas, Bangladesh thrust belt, Andaman subduction zone, the Aravalli‐Delhi, the Central India Tectonic Zone, the Singhbhum, the Eastern Ghats and the Southern granulite terrane. It offers essential information on deformational structures in the mobile belt, such as folding patterns, the character of the shear zone, shear strain analysis, and faults, as well as fault zone rocks. The findings presented here are based on field observations, mapping, sampling and analysis work (e.g. petrographic studies), as well as limited geochemical and geochronological analysis to support the findings. A discussion on the structural evolution of these mobile belts and their connections with other belts rounds out the coverage.
Author: Lynne E. Frostick Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1444304062 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 531
Book Description
Stratigraphers and sedimentologists who are presently describing and interpreting the infill of sedimentary basins are generally agreed that it is difficult to disentangle the signatures of tectonic processes from those of climate and eustatic sea level change in the resultant rock succession. Until better criteria are developed to distinguish between the roles played by the major variables, it is still most useful to document and interpret basin-fill architectures where we know, from independent evidence, that one of the main controls is likely to have been a major contributor. This book contains a collection of papers describing situations where the tectonic setting is fairly well established, and it can be assumed that at least the tectonic factor has contributed to the resultant signatures.
Author: J. Poblet Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 9781862393202 Category : Folds (Geology). Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
Fold-and-thrust belts occur worldwide, have formed in all eras of geological time, and are widely recognized as the most common mode in which the crust accommodates shortening. Much current research on the structure of fold-and-thrust belts is focused on structural studies of regions or individual structures and on the geometry and evolution of these regions employing kinematic, mechanical and experimental modelling. In keeping with the main trends of current research, this title is devoted to the kinematic evolution and structural styles of a number of fold-and-thrust belts formed from palaeozoic to recent times. The papers included in this book cover a broad range of different topics, from modelling approaches to predict internal deformation of single structures, 3D reconstructions to decipher the structural evolution of groups of structures, palaeomagnetic studies of portions of fold-and-thrust belts, geometrical and kinematical aspects of Coulomb thrust wedges and structural analyses of fold-and-thrust belts to unravel their sequence of deformations--
Author: A.M.C. Sengör Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400922531 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 722
Book Description
The ihsan Ketin NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Tectonic Evolution of the Tethyan Region was conceived in 1982 in Veszprem, Hungary, when three of the organizers (B. C. B. , L. H. R. and A. M. C. 9. ) had come together for a meeting on the tectonics of the Pannonian basin. All three of us had experience in the Tethyan belt and all three of us had been for some time deploring the lack of communication among workers of this immense orogenic belt. Much new work had been completed in such previously little-known areas as Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, the People's Republic of China, the entire Himalayan region, as well as new work in the European parts of the chain. Also, ironically, parts of the belt had just been closed to field work for political reasons, so it seemed as if the time was right to sit back and consider what had been done so far. Because the Istanbul group had had an interest in the whole of the Tethyan belt and because that ancient city was more centrally locElted with excellent opportunities to see both Palaeo- and Neo-Tethyan rocks in a weekend excursion, we thought that Istanbul was a natural place for such a meeting, not mentioning its own considerable attractions for the would-be contributors. A happy coincidence was that Prof.
Author: S. Mukherjee Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 1862397031 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 325
Book Description
The Himalayan mountain belt, which developed during the India–Asia collision starting about 55 Ma ago, is a dramatically active orogen and it is regarded as the classic collisional orogen. It is characterized by an impressively continuous 2500 km of tectonic units, thrusts and normal faults, as well as large volumes of high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites exposed at the surface. This constitutes an invaluable field laboratory, where amazing crustal sections can be observed directly in very deep gorges. It is possible to unravel the tectonic and metamorphic evolution of litho-units, to observe the mechanisms of exhumation of deep-seated rocks and the propagation of the deformation. Himalayan tectonics has been the target of many studies from numerous international researchers over the years. In the last 15 years there has been an explosion of data and theories from both geological and geophysical perspectives. This book presents the results of integrated multidisciplinary studies, including geology, petrology, magmatism, geochemistry, geochronology and geophysics, of the structures and processes affecting the continental lithosphere. These processes and their spatial and temporal evolution have major consequences on the geometry and kinematics of the India–Eurasia collision zone.
Author: Raymond V. Ingersoll Publisher: Geological Society of America ISBN: 0813725402 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 757
Book Description
Through a remarkable combination of intellect, self-confidence, engaging humility, and prodigious output of published work, William R. Dickinson influenced and challenged three generations of sedimentary geologists, igneous petrologists, tectonicists, sandstone petrologists, archaeologists, and other geoscientists. A key figure in the plate-tectonic revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, he explained how the distribution of sediments on Earth's surface could be traced to tectonic processes, and is widely recognized as a founder of modern sedimentary basin analysis. This volume consists of 31 chapters related to Dickinson's research interests; many of the authors are his former students, their students, and their students' students, demonstrating his continuing profound influence. The papers in this volume are an impressive tribute to the depth and breadth of Bill Dickinson's contributions to the geosciences.
Author: Richard Gloaguen Publisher: Geological Society of London ISBN: 9781862393264 Category : Boundary layer (Meteorology) Languages : en Pages : 272
Book Description
Despite agreement on first-order features and mechanisms, critical aspects of the origin and evolution of the Tibetan Plateau, such as the exact timing and nature of collision, the initiation of plateau uplift, and the evolution of its height and width, are disputed, untested or unknown. This book gathers papers dealing with the growth and collapse of the Tibetan Plateau. The timing, the underlying mechanisms, their interactions and the induced surface shaping, contributing to the Tibetan Plateau evolution are tightly linked via coupled and feedback processes. We present interdisciplinary contributions allowing insight into the complex interactions between lithospheric dynamics, topography building, erosion, hydrological processes and atmospheric coupling. The book is structured in four parts: early processes in the plateau formation; recent growth of the Tibetan Plateau; mechanisms of plateau growth; and plateau uplift, surface processes and the monsoon.
Author: Megh Raj Dhital Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319024965 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 499
Book Description
This book addresses the geology of the entire Himalayan range in Nepal, i.e., from the Gangetic plain in the south to the Tethyan zone in the north. Without a comprehensive look at the various Himalayan zones, it is practically impossible to fully grasp the processes at work behind the formation and development of the spectacular Himalaya. However, the goal is not merely to document all the scientific ontology but rather to reveal a sound basis for the prevailing concepts. Both the early literature on Himalayan geology and contemporary trends are fully covered. For the first time, the origin, use, and abuse of common Himalayan geological terms such as the Siwaliks, Lesser Himalaya, Main Boundary Thrust, Main Central Thrust, and Tethys are discussed. The book will help readers to progress from a cognitive approach to a constructive one by linking various types of knowledge, such as seeking relations between various geological structures as well as between earlier thoughts or views and contemporary approaches.
Author: Thomas Baltz
Author: Thomas Baltz
Author: P.G. DeCelles
Author: Tapas Kumar Biswal
Author: Lynne E. Frostick
Author: J. Poblet
Author: A.M.C. Sengör
Author: S. Mukherjee
Author: Raymond V. Ingersoll
Author: Richard Gloaguen
Author: Megh Raj Dhital