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Author: Arnold L. Towe Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468438840 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 651
Book Description
The focus of this volume differs from what is suggested by the series title, for it is on muscle contraction and movement rather than on behavior. The lone overnight flight of a ruby-throated hummingbird across the Gulf of Mexico is a migratory behavior mediated through an incredibly lengthy, repetitive series of wing move ments, each movement being produced by a complex sequence of muscle contrac tions. It is significant that these same movements may be used to mediate other behaviors, and that these same muscle contractions, in different sequence, may be used to produce other movements. The immense journey of white-bearded gnus across the Serengeti plains to suitable calving grounds is likewise a migratory behavior mediated through rather more varied, yet repetitive, limb movements, each produced by a complex sequence of muscle contractions. Again, these same movements may be used to mediate other behaviors, and again, the details of each limb movement may be varied through variations in the strength and the sequence of muscle contractions. A laboratory rat may learn to perform an escape behavior in a shuttle box, bringing its performance to a high level of efficiency by modifying its movement on successive trials. After intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium in an amount sufficient to render the animal severely incoordinated, the escape behavior is still performed, albeit through a different sequence of move ments, even to "rolling" out of the compartment in response to the warning signal.
Author: Arnold L. Towe Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1468438840 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 651
Book Description
The focus of this volume differs from what is suggested by the series title, for it is on muscle contraction and movement rather than on behavior. The lone overnight flight of a ruby-throated hummingbird across the Gulf of Mexico is a migratory behavior mediated through an incredibly lengthy, repetitive series of wing move ments, each movement being produced by a complex sequence of muscle contrac tions. It is significant that these same movements may be used to mediate other behaviors, and that these same muscle contractions, in different sequence, may be used to produce other movements. The immense journey of white-bearded gnus across the Serengeti plains to suitable calving grounds is likewise a migratory behavior mediated through rather more varied, yet repetitive, limb movements, each produced by a complex sequence of muscle contractions. Again, these same movements may be used to mediate other behaviors, and again, the details of each limb movement may be varied through variations in the strength and the sequence of muscle contractions. A laboratory rat may learn to perform an escape behavior in a shuttle box, bringing its performance to a high level of efficiency by modifying its movement on successive trials. After intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium in an amount sufficient to render the animal severely incoordinated, the escape behavior is still performed, albeit through a different sequence of move ments, even to "rolling" out of the compartment in response to the warning signal.
Author: Beth A. Winkelstein Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439860939 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 659
Book Description
Given the strong current attention of orthopaedic, biomechanical, and biomedical engineering research on translational capabilities for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of clinical disease states, the need for reviews of the state-of-art and current needs in orthopaedics is very timely. Orthopaedic Biomechanics provides an in-depth review of the current knowledge of orthopaedic biomechanics across all tissues in the musculoskeletal system, at all size scales, and with direct relevance to engineering and clinical applications. Discussing the relationship between mechanical loading, function, and biological performance, it first reviews basic structure-function relationships for most major orthopedic tissue types followed by the most-relevant structures of the body. It then addresses multiscale modeling and biologic considerations. It concludes with a look at applications of biomechanics, focusing on recent advances in theory, technology and applied engineering approaches. With contributions from leaders in the field, the book presents state-of-the-art findings, techniques, and perspectives. Much of orthopaedic, biomechanical, and biomedical engineering research is directed at the translational capabilities for the "real world". Addressing this from the perspective of diagnostics, prevention, and treatment in orthopaedic biomechanics, the book supplies novel perspectives for the interdisciplinary approaches required to translate orthopaedic biomechanics to today’s real world.
Author: S.M. Perren Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401174326 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 743
Book Description
The papers presented at the Fourth 'Meeting of the European Society of Biomechanics, held in collaboration with the European Society for Biomaterials in late September 1984 in Davos, Switzerland, are published herewith. The main idea of the meeting was to gather together the many disciplines of researchers and clinicians active and interested in promoting biomechanical knowledge in one interdisciplinary society: the European Society of Biomechanics. We feel that the dialog across the disciplines is one of the important goals of the society, a goal which can be furthered by meetings like the one in Davos. A surgeon, whether a general, trauma or orthopaedic surgeon, is normally brought up without relevant exposure to spe cific technical problems. It therefore is not surprising that he speaks a different language with respect to mechanical problems than an engineer. Although a surgeon often has a feeling for what the solution to a particular problem might be, a fruitful inter disciplinary collaboration is made difficult by this scientific language barrier. On the other hand, a physicist, chemist, engi neer and metallurgist, to name a few, would do well with a realistic perception of the possibilities and limitations of surgery and of the relevance of a solution found to the initial question. Similar problems exist in other areas, e. g. in the field of sports biomechanics in the dialogue betweeen coach and researcher. Interdisciplinary misunderstandings have led to quite some unaeces£ary frustration in the past.
Author: Xianyi Zeng Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3540706585 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 326
Book Description
Computational techniques have been widely applied in the textile industry and garment industry since the 1950’s. This book surveys representative applications of computational techniques, including Textile quality assessment by image analysis; Modeling and simulation of textile structures, Computer aided garment design, Computerized textile management and textile Supply Chain, Textile quality subjective and objective evaluation; Computational thermal bioengineering of textiles and clothing; Computational biomechanical engineering of textiles and clothing.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309132991 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 510
Book Description
Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
Author: Ivan Birch Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0429761414 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
Gait analysis is the systematic study of human walking, using the eye and brain of experienced observers, augmented by instrumentation for measuring body movements, body mechanics, and the activity of the muscles. Since Aristotle’s work on gait analysis more than 2000 years ago, it has become an established clinical science used extensively in the healthcare and rehabilitation fields for diagnosis and treatment. Forensic Gait Analysis details the more recent, and rapidly developing, use of gait analysis in the forensic sciences. The book considers the use of observational gait analysis, based on video recordings, to assist in the process of identification or exclusion. With the increase in use of CCTV and surveillance systems over the last 20 to 30 years, there has been a steady and rapid increase in the use of gait as evidence. Currently, gait analysis is widely used in the UK in criminal investigations, with increasing awareness of its potential use in the US, Europe, and globally. The book details the history of the science, current practices, and of the emergent application to establish best-practice standards that conform to those of other forensic science disciplines. Engagement with the Forensic Science Regulator, and the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences in the UK, and the International Association for Identification has helped to ensure and enhance the quality assurance of forensic gait analysis. However, there remains a fundamental lack of standardized training and methodology for use in evidentiary and investigative casework. This book fills that void, serving as one of the first to describe the current state of practice, capabilities and limitations, and to outline methods, standards of practice and expectations of the gait analyst as a forensic practitioner. Forensic Gait Analysis reflects current research and forensic practice and will serve as a state-of-the-art guide to the use of gait analysis in the forensic context—for both education and training purposes. It will be a welcome addition to the libraries of professionals in the areas of podiatry, gait analysis, forensic video analysis, law enforcement, and legal practice.
Author: R.M. Natal Jorge Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203816595 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
The use of more robust, affordable, and efficient techniques and technologies in the application of medicine is presently a subject of huge interest and demand. Technology and Medical Sciences solidifies knowledge in the fields of technology and medical sciences and to define their key stakeholders. The book is designed for academics in engineering, mathematics, medicine, biomechanics, computation sciences, hardware development and manufacturing, electronics and instrumentation, and materials science.
Author: Julius Panero Publisher: Watson-Guptill ISBN: 0770434606 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 322
Book Description
The study of human body measurements on a comparative basis is known as anthropometrics. Its applicability to the design process is seen in the physical fit, or interface, between the human body and the various components of interior space. Human Dimension and Interior Space is the first major anthropometrically based reference book of design standards for use by all those involved with the physical planning and detailing of interiors, including interior designers, architects, furniture designers, builders, industrial designers, and students of design. The use of anthropometric data, although no substitute for good design or sound professional judgment should be viewed as one of the many tools required in the design process. This comprehensive overview of anthropometrics consists of three parts. The first part deals with the theory and application of anthropometrics and includes a special section dealing with physically disabled and elderly people. It provides the designer with the fundamentals of anthropometrics and a basic understanding of how interior design standards are established. The second part contains easy-to-read, illustrated anthropometric tables, which provide the most current data available on human body size, organized by age and percentile groupings. Also included is data relative to the range of joint motion and body sizes of children. The third part contains hundreds of dimensioned drawings, illustrating in plan and section the proper anthropometrically based relationship between user and space. The types of spaces range from residential and commercial to recreational and institutional, and all dimensions include metric conversions. In the Epilogue, the authors challenge the interior design profession, the building industry, and the furniture manufacturer to seriously explore the problem of adjustability in design. They expose the fallacy of designing to accommodate the so-called average man, who, in fact, does not exist. Using government data, including studies prepared by Dr. Howard Stoudt, Dr. Albert Damon, and Dr. Ross McFarland, formerly of the Harvard School of Public Health, and Jean Roberts of the U.S. Public Health Service, Panero and Zelnik have devised a system of interior design reference standards, easily understood through a series of charts and situation drawings. With Human Dimension and Interior Space, these standards are now accessible to all designers of interior environments.
Author: Pamela K Levangie Publisher: F.A. Davis ISBN: 0803626347 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 624
Book Description
This popular text offers the clear, logical discussions of the basic theory of joint structure and muscle action and provides the foundation you need to understand both normal and pathologic function.
Author: Arnold L. Towe
Author: Arnold L. Towe
Author: Beth A. Winkelstein
Author: S.M. Perren
Author: Xianyi Zeng
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: Ivan Birch
Author: R.M. Natal Jorge
Author: Myrtle Gladys Scott
Author: Julius Panero
Author: Pamela K Levangie