Author: William R. Baber Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 39
Book Description
We investigate the consequences of earnings management by analyzing stock price reactions to on-target quarterly earnings announcements (earnings that coincide with analysts' consensus expectations) during 1993-1999. We use techniques advanced in Jones (1991), Kang and Sivaramakrishnan (1995), and Collins and Hribar (2000) to distinguish observations where firms apparently manage earnings in order to meet expectations. We find that mean security returns during the earnings announcement period are 0.18% to 0.91% less for observations where firms apparently increase earnings than for those where firms apparently decrease earnings to meet expectations. These differences are statistically significant at conventional levels. We also find that returns during the earnings disclosure period vary inversely with the extent that firms appear to manage earnings upward. Overall, the evidence suggests that market participants are aware of incentives to manage earnings to meet expectations, and that they discount managed earnings components when interpreting quarterly earnings disclosures. Finally, we point out that the issue of stock splits should be investigated with care when using published consensus analyst forecasts.
Author: Benjamin Schmitt Publisher: ISBN: 9783656972426 Category : Languages : en Pages : 56
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2008 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1.1, EBS European Business School gGmbH (Finance), language: English, abstract: Many authors have already studied about stock price reactions after earnings announcements yet, which is because of the importance of earnings announcements, in particular quarterly earnings announcements, for many investors. However, all major studies concerning this topic deal with long-term scenarios, the stock's price performance is measured for a time period of at least three quarters. Due to the fact that there are many investors, especially institutional investors such as hedge funds that trade stocks much more frequently, the existing studies are not relevant for them. This paper studies stock price reactions around quarterly earnings announcements for companies listed in Deutscher Aktienindex (DAX) or Midcap DAX (MDAX) with respect to changes of the company's full-year outlook and of earnings surprise regarding analyst consensus forecast within ten days before and after the announcement date. Hence, this paper aims to analyse short-term reaction to quarterly earnings announcements, which are of relevance for all investors, whose investment strategy is, at least partially, focussing on the short-term performance. The main target group of this analysis are therefore hedge funds and investors that run short-term strategies. Due to the fact that the widespread Event Study Methodology is focused on the long-term, it is irrelevant for this analysis.
Author: Joshua Ronen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387257713 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 587
Book Description
This book is a study of earnings management, aimed at scholars and professionals in accounting, finance, economics, and law. The authors address research questions including: Why are earnings so important that firms feel compelled to manipulate them? What set of circumstances will induce earnings management? How will the interaction among management, boards of directors, investors, employees, suppliers, customers and regulators affect earnings management? How to design empirical research addressing earnings management? What are the limitations and strengths of current empirical models?
Author: Qunfeng Liao Publisher: ISBN: Category : Earnings management Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
Prior literature has shown that managers have incentives to opportunistically and selectively withhold bad news from investors because of career concerns, compensation contracts, litigation risks, earnings targets, and empire building. In their 2006 paper, Jin and Myers develop the "Bad News Hoarding" theory which suggests that when managers conceal bad news for extended periods of time, negative information is likely to get stockpiled within the firm. When managers' incentives for hiding bad news collapse or when the accumulation of bad news reaches a critical threshold level, all of the hitherto undisclosed negative firm-specific shocks become public at once, resulting in an abrupt decline in stock prices. Earnings management (EM) has been identified as the primary means employed by managers to conceal bad news. Earlier studies have shown separately that overvalued firms and firms characterized by high EM are associated with a greater risk of future stock price crash risk. In this thesis, I investigate the joint effect of extreme overvaluation and high EM on future stock price crash risk. It is shown that there is a robust positive relationship between extreme overvaluation accompanied by high EM and one-year ahead stock price crashes for a sample of U.S. public firms during the years 1995-2011. This result is consistent with Jensen's (2004, 2005) argument that when a firm becomes extremely overvalued it sets up organizational forces and incentives that are likely to impair the value of the firm. However, I also find that extremely overvalued firms that are not accompanied by high EM as well as firms with high EM that are not extremely overvalued do not exhibit greater crash risk. The results are robust to alternative proxies of crash risk and EM and hold after controlling for endogeneity. The effects are more pronounced in the post-SOX period and for firms that engage in real earnings management (REM), are small size, or have low analyst coverage. In addition, I find that accrual earnings management (AEM) is positively associated with future stock price crash risk in the early stages of overvaluation whereas REM is positively associated with future stock price crash risk in the late stages of overvaluation. Finally, I find that extreme overvaluation with high EM is negatively associated with future stock price jumps. I interpret these results as suggesting that the incentives to conceal bad news through EM do not necessarily arise in all cases of overvaluation and that both extreme overvaluation and high EM should co-exist for the crash risk to increase. In this way, my results fine tune Jensen's conjecture regarding overvalued firms.
Author: Leonard Zacks Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118127765 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
Investment pioneer Len Zacks presents the latest academic research on how to beat the market using equity anomalies The Handbook of Equity Market Anomalies organizes and summarizes research carried out by hundreds of finance and accounting professors over the last twenty years to identify and measure equity market inefficiencies and provides self-directed individual investors with a framework for incorporating the results of this research into their own investment processes. Edited by Len Zacks, CEO of Zacks Investment Research, and written by leading professors who have performed groundbreaking research on specific anomalies, this book succinctly summarizes the most important anomalies that savvy investors have used for decades to beat the market. Some of the anomalies addressed include the accrual anomaly, net stock anomalies, fundamental anomalies, estimate revisions, changes in and levels of broker recommendations, earnings-per-share surprises, insider trading, price momentum and technical analysis, value and size anomalies, and several seasonal anomalies. This reliable resource also provides insights on how to best use the various anomalies in both market neutral and in long investor portfolios. A treasure trove of investment research and wisdom, the book will save you literally thousands of hours by distilling the essence of twenty years of academic research into eleven clear chapters and providing the framework and conviction to develop market-beating strategies. Strips the academic jargon from the research and highlights the actual returns generated by the anomalies, and documented in the academic literature Provides a theoretical framework within which to understand the concepts of risk adjusted returns and market inefficiencies Anomalies are selected by Len Zacks, a pioneer in the field of investing As the founder of Zacks Investment Research, Len Zacks pioneered the concept of the earnings-per-share surprise in 1982 and developed the Zacks Rank, one of the first anomaly-based stock selection tools. Today, his firm manages U.S. equities for individual and institutional investors and provides investment software and investment data to all types of investors. Now, with his new book, he shows you what it takes to build a quant process to outperform an index based on academically documented market inefficiencies and anomalies.
Author: Dennis Lasser Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This paper examines the effect of the inherent demand implied by short interest by observing price reactions to earnings announcements based on the level of short interest. We find that for extreme good- and bad- news events, the inherent demand increases stock prices around the earnings announcement date, with the effect being stronger for good news relative to bad news. Specifically, the initial market reaction to an extreme positive earnings surprise is larger for firms with high levels of short interest. On the other hand, for an extreme negative earnings surprise event, the initial market reaction is smaller for heavily shorted firms. Furthermore, the initial rightward demand curve shift caused by the short sellers' reaction to an extreme good (bad) news event also results in a smaller (larger) post-earnings-announcement drift.
Author: Malek El Diri Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319626868 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 120
Book Description
This book provides researchers and scholars with a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of earnings management theory and literature. While it raises new questions for future research, the book can be also helpful to other parties who rely on financial reporting in making decisions like regulators, policy makers, shareholders, investors, and gatekeepers e.g., auditors and analysts. The book summarizes the existing literature and provides insight into new areas of research such as the differences between earnings management, fraud, earnings quality, impression management, and expectation management; the trade-off between earnings management activities; the special measures of earnings management; and the classification of earnings management motives based on a comprehensive theoretical framework.
Author: Silver Chung Publisher: ISBN: Category : Business enterprises Languages : en Pages : 79
Book Description
"Managers have substantial discretion in when to announce earnings during the day. While the prior literature has shown that the timing of announcements during the day can affect the stock market's reaction to earnings news, there is either mixed or weak empirical evidence on why a manager chooses a certain time of the day to announce earnings. In this paper, I examine whether institutional ownership affects firms' decisions to announce earnings after hours (AH). AH are largely dominated by institutional investors who better understand the implications of earnings news for firm value and stock prices. I argue that firms with greater institutional ownership announce earnings AH to promote institutional investors' trading, and therefore facilitate post-announcement price discovery and reduce price volatility. Using the annual reconstitution of the Russell 1000 and 2000 indexes which provides plausibly exogenous variation in institutional ownership, I find that firms with higher institutional ownership are more likely to announce earnings during an aftermarket session (i.e., AH after the market closes), but not during a premarket session (i.e., AH before the market opens). My analysis further shows that transient institutional ownership has a stronger influence on the likelihood of after-market announcements relative to quasi-indexer and dedicated institutional holdings, and that the effect of institutional ownership on the announcement timing is more pronounced when firms have bad earnings news or large transitory earnings components. Lastly, I find that announcing earnings during an after-market session indeed facilitates the post-announcement price discovery and reduces price volatility for firms with greater institutional ownership. Collectively, my findings suggest that institutional ownership influences firms' earnings announcement timing decisions"--Pages vii-viii.
Author: William R. Baber
Author: Benjamin Schmitt
Author: VICTOR L. BERNARD
Author: Joshua Ronen
Author: Eero Kasanen
Author: Qunfeng Liao
Author: Leonard Zacks
Author: Dennis Lasser
Author: Malek El Diri
Author: Silver Chung