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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. Percutaneous needle-based tumor ablation is a minimally invasive treatment method for liver tumors in patients that are not candidates for surgery. In order to prevent recurrence, it is crucial that the right volume of tissue and a safety margin around the tumor are completely ablated during treatment. Although magnetic resonance imaging and computed X-ray tomography are currently used for monitoring the procedure, ultrasound imaging is potentially safer and more cost-effective and can also provide real-time high frame rate imaging capabilities. Information about tissue stiffness obtained using ultrasound elastography can play an important role in locating the boundary of ablated tissue and help in planning and execution of the ablation procedure. The goal of this dissertation is to develop robust signal processing algorithms to delineate ablation boundaries based on stiffness variations estimated from high frame rate radiofrequency ultrasound echo data. Shear wave velocity is used as a surrogate for tissue stiffness. A method called electrode vibration elastography is used where the ablation needle is vibrated using an actuator and acts as a line source for shear waves. The shear wave pulse is tracked in the imaging plane as it travels laterally away from this line source. Model based denoising algorithms are developed to track the shear wave pulse and reconstruct two dimensional (2D) shear wave velocity images. In order to generate three dimensional (3D) visualizations of the ablated volume from 2D imaging planes, multiple 2D imaging slices are acquired in a sheaf geometry, with the ablation needle coinciding with the axis of the sheaf. Shear wave velocity information from the individual 2D imaging planes can be used to reconstruct transverse or C-planes that are stacked to generate a 3D visualization. The reconstruction is performed using a penalized least-squares algorithm. A computationally tractable iterative reconstruction algorithm that can handle 3D grids with millions of points is also developed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. Percutaneous needle-based tumor ablation is a minimally invasive treatment method for liver tumors in patients that are not candidates for surgery. In order to prevent recurrence, it is crucial that the right volume of tissue and a safety margin around the tumor are completely ablated during treatment. Although magnetic resonance imaging and computed X-ray tomography are currently used for monitoring the procedure, ultrasound imaging is potentially safer and more cost-effective and can also provide real-time high frame rate imaging capabilities. Information about tissue stiffness obtained using ultrasound elastography can play an important role in locating the boundary of ablated tissue and help in planning and execution of the ablation procedure. The goal of this dissertation is to develop robust signal processing algorithms to delineate ablation boundaries based on stiffness variations estimated from high frame rate radiofrequency ultrasound echo data. Shear wave velocity is used as a surrogate for tissue stiffness. A method called electrode vibration elastography is used where the ablation needle is vibrated using an actuator and acts as a line source for shear waves. The shear wave pulse is tracked in the imaging plane as it travels laterally away from this line source. Model based denoising algorithms are developed to track the shear wave pulse and reconstruct two dimensional (2D) shear wave velocity images. In order to generate three dimensional (3D) visualizations of the ablated volume from 2D imaging planes, multiple 2D imaging slices are acquired in a sheaf geometry, with the ablation needle coinciding with the axis of the sheaf. Shear wave velocity information from the individual 2D imaging planes can be used to reconstruct transverse or C-planes that are stacked to generate a 3D visualization. The reconstruction is performed using a penalized least-squares algorithm. A computationally tractable iterative reconstruction algorithm that can handle 3D grids with millions of points is also developed.
Author: Thomas L. Szabo Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323953727 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
Essentials of Ultrasound Imaging offers a fast track introduction to the science, physics and technology of ultrasound imaging systems. Uniquely, principles are revealed by examples from software simulation programs, thus allowing the reader to engage with the concepts having minimal mathematical background. The material is organized around a functional block diagram which is, in turn, related to physical processes and implementations of the functional concepts on commercial and research imaging systems. Examples from a Verasonics Vantage Research Ultrasound System provide unparalleled insight into each step of ultrasound image creation including signal processing, transducer operation, different types of beamforming, and image formation. The last chapter examines the potential and capabilities of ultrasound imaging and measurement for future applications. With a thorough grounding of the physics and methods of ultrasound imaging, this book is suitable for students learning about ultrasound and researchers involved, or starting out in, ultrasound research development who might not have the background to understand the latest developments. Gives an understanding of wave propagation, piezoelectric transducers, beam focusing, Doppler imaging of fluid flow, types of ultrasound systems, and real-time image formation and resolution Explains basic mathematical and scientific concepts underlying ultrasound imaging and physics Follows the passage of pulse-echo waveforms through the changes made by wave propagation, array beam formation, absorption, and system processing to image formation Describes the concepts written in MATLAB® that are illustrated by numerous examples from unique simulations of physics, processing, and imaging and from experiments and signals within an ultrasound research system Presents an accompanying simulator software package, in executable form, designed to demonstrate concepts with minimal mathematical background, together with a curriculum of hands-on experiments using an ultrasound research system, both available from Verasonics
Author: Stergios Stergiopoulos Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1420037390 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 752
Book Description
Advances in digital signal processing algorithms and computer technology have combined to produce real-time systems with capabilities far beyond those of just few years ago. Nonlinear, adaptive methods for signal processing have emerged to provide better array gain performance, however, they lack the robustness of conventional algorithms. The chall
Author: Thomas L. Szabo Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 012396542X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 829
Book Description
Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging provides a unified description of the physical principles of ultrasound imaging, signal processing, systems and measurements. This comprehensive reference is a core resource for both graduate students and engineers in medical ultrasound research and design. With continuing rapid technological development of ultrasound in medical diagnosis, it is a critical subject for biomedical engineers, clinical and healthcare engineers and practitioners, medical physicists, and related professionals in the fields of signal and image processing. The book contains 17 new and updated chapters covering the fundamentals and latest advances in the area, and includes four appendices, 450 figures (60 available in color on the companion website), and almost 1,500 references. In addition to the continual influx of readers entering the field of ultrasound worldwide who need the broad grounding in the core technologies of ultrasound, this book provides those already working in these areas with clear and comprehensive expositions of these key new topics as well as introductions to state-of-the-art innovations in this field. Enables practicing engineers, students and clinical professionals to understand the essential physics and signal processing techniques behind modern imaging systems as well as introducing the latest developments that will shape medical ultrasound in the future Suitable for both newcomers and experienced readers, the practical, progressively organized applied approach is supported by hands-on MATLAB® code and worked examples that enable readers to understand the principles underlying diagnostic and therapeutic ultrasound Covers the new important developments in the use of medical ultrasound: elastography and high-intensity therapeutic ultrasound. Many new developments are comprehensively reviewed and explained, including aberration correction, acoustic measurements, acoustic radiation force imaging, alternate imaging architectures, bioeffects: diagnostic to therapeutic, Fourier transform imaging, multimode imaging, plane wave compounding, research platforms, synthetic aperture, vector Doppler, transient shear wave elastography, ultrafast imaging and Doppler, functional ultrasound and viscoelastic models
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
In this effort we have designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a one-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging system for the passive imaging of millimeter waves (MMWs) using optical upconversion and correlation techniques. The advantage of this approach over alternate techniques is that the proposed system does not require expensive high-speed electronic detection and read out circuits and it is light enough to be used on UAV platforms. This technique eliminates the need for a lens and can provide high resolution at mm wavelengths by extending the baseline of the antenna array. We developed a novel optical feedback technique that allows us to lock the phase of each optical carrier with a coherent reference beam. We have demonstrated the feasibility of the technology by building a linear, four element sparse aperture antenna array capable of imaging at mm wavelengths using commercial, off-the-shelf telecommunications components. The system was used to image a 35 0Hz plane wave and demonstrated near diffraction limited resolution.
Author: Alain Leger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540891056 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 427
Book Description
Non Destructive Testing and Non Destructive Evaluation using Ultrasounds covers an important field of applications and requires a wide range of fundamental theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations. In the present volume, the reader will find some relevant research results on wave propagation in complex materials and structures which are concerned with today’s problems on composites, bonding, guided waves, contact or damage, imaging and structural noise. The fifth meeting of the Anglo-French Research Group on "Wave propagation in non homogeneous media with a view to Non Destructive testing" was held in Anglet, France, June 2-6, 2008.
Author: S. Lori Bridal Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1789451639 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 356
Book Description
This book provides an understanding of ultrasound imaging principles and how the field is evolving to better probe living systems. Today, widely-used imaging systems visualize structures and blood flow within the body in real-time. Signal analysis, hardware and contrast agent innovations are extending the capacity of ultrasound to assess tissue elasticity, to enable three-dimensional viewing of moving structures and to detect vessels smaller than the wavelength-limited resolution. Techniques are also being designed so that we are less impeded by bones in the sound path, as well as to combine light and sound to detect optically-absorbent structures within the body. After an introductory chapter reviewing the key basic concepts, each chapter presents a detailed explanation focusing on a specific set of key principles and then shows the related techniques in each domain that are currently being refined to evaluate living systems in greater depth.
Author: Heng Yang (S.M.) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 107
Book Description
Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging is gaining wide acceptance in clinical practice as both a non-invasive and quantitative diagnostic modality. Most commercial SWE systems generate shear waves using acoustic radiation force (ARF), which requires complex hardware and is therefore only available on high-end and premium systems. External mechanical vibration (EMV) is an alternative to induce shear waves without expensive electronics, which potentially enables low-cost systems to provide SWE for point of care and low resource settings. In this thesis, an EMV concept of sinusoidally and synchronically vibrating two ball-shaped end-effectors to induce shear waves for real time SWE imaging was simulated, prototyped and tested. Finite element method (FEM) simulation and analysis shows the sinusoidal vibration generates shear waves that are constructive across the center plane of the two balls. By tracking the local displacement profiles at different depths of the center plane, shear wave speeds can be accurately estimated for different tissue stiffness. A mechatronic device using a voice coil actuator (VCA) to realize the EMV concept was prototyped. The mechanical vibrator was mounted on a commercial ultrasound probe and the vibration was synchronized with commercial ultrasound platform to induce shear waves as replacement of ARF. The generated shear waves were imaged by commercial ultrasonic systems to calculate shear wave speed and estimate tissue elasticity. Experimental data on liver phantoms under various vibration schemes demonstrated the capability of using this EMV device to conduct real-time SWE imaging that is comparable to ARF based systems.
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Author: Thomas L. Szabo
Author: Stergios Stergiopoulos
Author: Thomas L. Szabo
Author: Hideyuki Hasegawa
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Author: Alain Leger
Author: S. Lori Bridal
Author: Hyungsuk Kim
Author: Heng Yang (S.M.)