Statistics and Truth PDF Download

Author: Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9810231113
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 213

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Book Description
Written by one of the top most statisticians with experience in diverse fields of applications of statistics, the book deals with the philosophical and methodological aspects of information technology, collection and analysis of data to provide insight into a problem, whether it is scientific research, policy making by government or decision making in our daily lives.The author dispels the doubts that chance is an expression of our ignorance which makes accurate prediction impossible and illustrates how our thinking has changed with quantification of uncertainty by showing that chance is no longer the obstructor but a way of expressing our knowledge. Indeed, chance can create and help in the investigation of truth. It is eloquently demonstrated with numerous examples of applications that statistics is the science, technology and art of extracting information from data and is based on a study of the laws of chance. It is highlighted how statistical ideas played a vital role in scientific and other investigations even before statistics was recognized as a separate discipline and how statistics is now evolving as a versatile, powerful and inevitable tool in diverse fields of human endeavor such as literature, legal matters, industry, archaeology and medicine.Use of statistics to the layman in improving the quality of life through wise decision making is emphasized.

Author: Richard Von Mises
Publisher: Courier Corporation
ISBN: 0486242145
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 273

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Book Description
This comprehensive study of probability considers the approaches of Pascal, Laplace, Poisson, and others. It also discusses Laws of Large Numbers, the theory of errors, and other relevant topics.

Author: Steven J. Osterlind
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019256739X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 438

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Book Description
Quantitative thinking is our inclination to view natural and everyday phenomena through a lens of measurable events, with forecasts, odds, predictions, and likelihood playing a dominant part. The Error of Truth recounts the astonishing and unexpected tale of how quantitative thinking came to be, and its rise to primacy in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Additionally, it considers how seeing the world through a quantitative lens has shaped our perception of the world we live in, and explores the lives of the individuals behind its early establishment. This worldview was unlike anything humankind had before, and it came about because of a momentous human achievement: we had learned how to measure uncertainty. Probability as a science was conceptualised. As a result of probability theory, we now had correlations, reliable predictions, regressions, the bellshaped curve for studying social phenomena, and the psychometrics of educational testing. Significantly, these developments happened during a relatively short period in world history— roughly, the 130-year period from 1790 to 1920, from about the close of the Napoleonic era, through the Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolutions, to the end of World War I. At which time, transportation had advanced rapidly, due to the invention of the steam engine, and literacy rates had increased exponentially. This brief period in time was ready for fresh intellectual activity, and it gave a kind of impetus for the probability inventions. Quantification is now everywhere in our daily lives, such as in the ubiquitous microchip in smartphones, cars, and appliances; in the Bayesian logic of artificial intelligence, as well as applications in business, engineering, medicine, economics, and elsewhere. Probability is the foundation of quantitative thinking. The Error of Truth tells its story— when, why, and how it happened.

Author: Paul Goodwin
Publisher: Profile Books
ISBN: 1782835490
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 226

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Book Description
Some people fear and mistrust numbers. Others want to use them for everything. After a long career as a statistician, Paul Goodwin has learned the hard way that the ones who want to use them for everything are a very good reason for the rest of us to fear and mistrust them. Something Doesn't Add Up is a fieldguide to the numbers that rule our world, even though they don't make sense. Wry, witty and humane, Goodwin explains mathematical subtleties so painlessly that you hardly need to think about numbers at all. He demonstrates how statistics that are meant to make life simpler often make it simpler than it actually is, but also reveals some of the ways we really can use maths to make better decisions. Enter the world of fitness tracking, the history of IQ testing, China's social credit system, Effective Altruism, and learn how someone should have noticed that Harold Shipman was killing his patients years before they actually did. In the right hands, maths is a useful tool. It's just a pity there are so many of the wrong hands about.

Author: Lee Baker
Publisher: Lee Baker
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 79

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Book Description
**How to Lie with Numbers, Stats & Graphs: Unveiling Deceptions in Data** Welcome to "How to Lie with Numbers, Stats & Graphs," where two of our best-selling titles, Truth, Lies & Statistics and Graphs Don't Lie, come together for an enlightening journey into the world of statistical deception. **Why You Need This Book:** - **Unmask Deceptions:** Award-winning statistician Lee Baker exposes the tricks used by politicians, corporations, and others to deceive with data. - **Clear Insights:** Learn to spot misleading statistics and graphs, empowering you to make informed decisions. - **Practical Examples:** Explore real-world scenarios where data manipulation shaped public opinion and policy. - **Empower Yourself:** Gain confidence in interpreting data accurately and critically. - **Engaging and Entertaining:** Enjoy witty anecdotes and sardonic insights that make complex concepts easy to grasp. - **Visual Learning:** Packed with visually intuitive examples that demystify statistical jargon. In "How to Lie with Numbers, Stats & Graphs," you'll delve into the fascinating realm of statistical misrepresentation. From the infamous correlation-causation fallacy to misleading graphical presentations, Lee Baker breaks down complex concepts with clarity and humor. **Blurb: Truth, Lies & Statistics** From pirates causing global warming to bizarre correlations involving cats and Mexican lemons, discover how statistics shape our perceptions and realities. Lee Baker unravels the misuse of data that fuels myths and misinformation in an engaging narrative that keeps you turning pages. **Blurb: Graphs Don't Lie** Explore scandals behind graphs, pie charts, and statistical manipulations that sway public opinion. With Lee Baker's sharp analysis, uncover how numbers can mislead and deceive, revealing the true power behind visual data representations. Written as your guide to deciphering truth from statistical fiction, "How to Lie with Numbers, Stats & Graphs" ensures there's never a dull moment in understanding data integrity. Whether you're a researcher, student, or simply curious about the deceptive world of statistics, this book equips you with the tools to navigate and scrutinize data effectively. Transform your understanding of data integrity today. Grab your copy and embark on a journey into the intriguing world of statistical deception!

Author: Charles Wheelan
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN: 0393089827
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 307

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Book Description
A New York Times bestseller "Brilliant, funny…the best math teacher you never had." —San Francisco Chronicle Once considered tedious, the field of statistics is rapidly evolving into a discipline Hal Varian, chief economist at Google, has actually called "sexy." From batting averages and political polls to game shows and medical research, the real-world application of statistics continues to grow by leaps and bounds. How can we catch schools that cheat on standardized tests? How does Netflix know which movies you’ll like? What is causing the rising incidence of autism? As best-selling author Charles Wheelan shows us in Naked Statistics, the right data and a few well-chosen statistical tools can help us answer these questions and more. For those who slept through Stats 101, this book is a lifesaver. Wheelan strips away the arcane and technical details and focuses on the underlying intuition that drives statistical analysis. He clarifies key concepts such as inference, correlation, and regression analysis, reveals how biased or careless parties can manipulate or misrepresent data, and shows us how brilliant and creative researchers are exploiting the valuable data from natural experiments to tackle thorny questions. And in Wheelan’s trademark style, there’s not a dull page in sight. You’ll encounter clever Schlitz Beer marketers leveraging basic probability, an International Sausage Festival illuminating the tenets of the central limit theorem, and a head-scratching choice from the famous game show Let’s Make a Deal—and you’ll come away with insights each time. With the wit, accessibility, and sheer fun that turned Naked Economics into a bestseller, Wheelan defies the odds yet again by bringing another essential, formerly unglamorous discipline to life.

Author: C. Radhakrishna Rao
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812384952
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 213

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Book Description
This book presents a theoretical treatment, as well as a summary ofpractical methods of computation, of the forces and moments that acton marine craft. Its aim is to provide the tools necessary for theprediction or simulation of craft motions in calm water and inwaves. In addition to developing the required equations, the authorgives relations that permit at least approximate evaluation of thecoefficients so that useful results can be obtained. The approachbegins with the equations of motion for rigid bodies, relative tofixed- and moving-coordinate systems; then, the hydrodynamic forcesare examined, starting with hydrostatics and progressing to the forceson a moving vehicle in calm water and (after a review of water-wavetheory) in waves. Several detailed examples are presented, includingcalculations of hydrostatics, horizontal- and vertical-planedirectional stability, and wave-induced motions. Also included areunique discussions on various effects, such as fin?hullinteractions, numerical stability of integrators, heavy torpedoes, andthe dynamics of high-speed craft. The book is intended to be anintroductory-level graduate text and a reference for the practicingprofessional.

Author: David Spiegelhalter
Publisher: Basic Books
ISBN: 1541618521
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 359

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Book Description
In this "important and comprehensive" guide to statistical thinking (New Yorker), discover how data literacy is changing the world and gives you a better understanding of life’s biggest problems. Statistics are everywhere, as integral to science as they are to business, and in the popular media hundreds of times a day. In this age of big data, a basic grasp of statistical literacy is more important than ever if we want to separate the fact from the fiction, the ostentatious embellishments from the raw evidence -- and even more so if we hope to participate in the future, rather than being simple bystanders. In The Art of Statistics, world-renowned statistician David Spiegelhalter shows readers how to derive knowledge from raw data by focusing on the concepts and connections behind the math. Drawing on real world examples to introduce complex issues, he shows us how statistics can help us determine the luckiest passenger on the Titanic, whether a notorious serial killer could have been caught earlier, and if screening for ovarian cancer is beneficial. The Art of Statistics not only shows us how mathematicians have used statistical science to solve these problems -- it teaches us how we too can think like statisticians. We learn how to clarify our questions, assumptions, and expectations when approaching a problem, and -- perhaps even more importantly -- we learn how to responsibly interpret the answers we receive. Combining the incomparable insight of an expert with the playful enthusiasm of an aficionado, The Art of Statistics is the definitive guide to stats that every modern person needs.

Author: Alex Reinhart
Publisher: No Starch Press
ISBN: 1593276206
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 177

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Book Description
Scientific progress depends on good research, and good research needs good statistics. But statistical analysis is tricky to get right, even for the best and brightest of us. You'd be surprised how many scientists are doing it wrong. Statistics Done Wrong is a pithy, essential guide to statistical blunders in modern science that will show you how to keep your research blunder-free. You'll examine embarrassing errors and omissions in recent research, learn about the misconceptions and scientific politics that allow these mistakes to happen, and begin your quest to reform the way you and your peers do statistics. You'll find advice on: –Asking the right question, designing the right experiment, choosing the right statistical analysis, and sticking to the plan –How to think about p values, significance, insignificance, confidence intervals, and regression –Choosing the right sample size and avoiding false positives –Reporting your analysis and publishing your data and source code –Procedures to follow, precautions to take, and analytical software that can help Scientists: Read this concise, powerful guide to help you produce statistically sound research. Statisticians: Give this book to everyone you know. The first step toward statistics done right is Statistics Done Wrong.

Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080930964
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 1253

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Book Description
Statisticians and philosophers of science have many common interests but restricted communication with each other. This volume aims to remedy these shortcomings. It provides state-of-the-art research in the area of philosophy of statistics by encouraging numerous experts to communicate with one another without feeling "restricted by their disciplines or thinking "piecemeal in their treatment of issues. A second goal of this book is to present work in the field without bias toward any particular statistical paradigm. Broadly speaking, the essays in this Handbook are concerned with problems of induction, statistics and probability. For centuries, foundational problems like induction have been among philosophers' favorite topics; recently, however, non-philosophers have increasingly taken a keen interest in these issues. This volume accordingly contains papers by both philosophers and non-philosophers, including scholars from nine academic disciplines. - Provides a bridge between philosophy and current scientific findings - Covers theory and applications - Encourages multi-disciplinary dialogue