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Author: Wesley C. Salmon Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre ISBN: 0822974118 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 129
Book Description
According to modern physics, many objectively improbable events actually occur, such as the spontaneous disintegration of radioactive atoms. Because of high levels of improbability, scientists are often at a loss to explain such phenomena. In this main essay of this book, Wesley Salmon offers a solution to scientific explanation based on the concept of statistical relevance (the S-R model). In this vein, the other two essays herein discuss "Statistical Relevance vs. Statistical Inference," and "Explanation and Information."
Author: Deborah G. Mayo Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1108563309 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
Mounting failures of replication in social and biological sciences give a new urgency to critically appraising proposed reforms. This book pulls back the cover on disagreements between experts charged with restoring integrity to science. It denies two pervasive views of the role of probability in inference: to assign degrees of belief, and to control error rates in a long run. If statistical consumers are unaware of assumptions behind rival evidence reforms, they can't scrutinize the consequences that affect them (in personalized medicine, psychology, etc.). The book sets sail with a simple tool: if little has been done to rule out flaws in inferring a claim, then it has not passed a severe test. Many methods advocated by data experts do not stand up to severe scrutiny and are in tension with successful strategies for blocking or accounting for cherry picking and selective reporting. Through a series of excursions and exhibits, the philosophy and history of inductive inference come alive. Philosophical tools are put to work to solve problems about science and pseudoscience, induction and falsification.
Author: John C. Reinard Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1506320481 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 604
Book Description
"While most books on statistics seem to be written as though targeting other statistics professors, John Reinard′s Communication Research Statistics is especially impressive because it is clearly intended for the student reader, filled with unusually clear explanations and with illustrations on the use of SPSS. I enjoyed reading this lucid, student-friendly book and expect students will benefit enormously from its content and presentation. Well done!" --John C. Pollock, The College of New Jersey Written in an accessible style using straightforward and direct language, Communication Research Statistics guides students through the statistics actually used in most empirical research undertaken in communication studies. This introductory textbook is the only work in communication that includes details on statistical analysis of data with a full set of data analysis instructions based on SPSS 12 and Excel XP. Key Features: Emphasizes basic and introductory statistical thinking: The basic needs of novice researchers and students are addressed, while underscoring the foundational elements of statistical analyses in research. Students learn how statistics are used to provide evidence for research arguments and how to evaluate such evidence for themselves. Prepares students to use statistics: Students are encouraged to use statistics as they encounter and evaluate quantitative research. The book details how statistics can be understood by developing actual skills to carry out rudimentary work. Examples are drawn from mass communication, speech communication, and communication disorders. Incorporates SPSS 12 and Excel: A distinguishing feature is the inclusion of coverage of data analysis by use of SPSS 12 and by Excel. Information on the use of major computer software is designed to let students use such tools immediately. Companion Web Site! A dedicated Web site includes a glossary, data sets, chapter summaries, additional readings, links to other useful sites, selected "calculators" for computation of related statistics, additional macros for selected statistics using Excel and SPSS, and extra chapters on multiple discriminant analysis and loglinear analysis. Intended Audience: Ideal for undergraduate and graduate courses in Communication Research Statistics or Methods; also relevant for many Research Methods courses across the social sciences
Author: Jacob Cohen Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134742770 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 625
Book Description
Statistical Power Analysis is a nontechnical guide to power analysis in research planning that provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. The Second Edition includes: * a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods; * a chapter considering effect size, psychometric reliability, and the efficacy of "qualifying" dependent variables and; * expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation.
Author: Michael A. McCarthy Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 113946387X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
The interest in using Bayesian methods in ecology is increasing, however many ecologists have difficulty with conducting the required analyses. McCarthy bridges that gap, using a clear and accessible style. The text also incorporates case studies to demonstrate mark-recapture analysis, development of population models and the use of subjective judgement. The advantages of Bayesian methods, are also described here, for example, the incorporation of any relevant prior information and the ability to assess the evidence in favour of competing hypotheses. Free software is available as well as an accompanying web-site containing the data files and WinBUGS codes. Bayesian Methods for Ecology will appeal to academic researchers, upper undergraduate and graduate students of Ecology.
Author: Gary Smith Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128034920 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
Essential Statistics, Regression, and Econometrics, Second Edition, is innovative in its focus on preparing students for regression/econometrics, and in its extended emphasis on statistical reasoning, real data, pitfalls in data analysis, and modeling issues. This book is uncommonly approachable and easy to use, with extensive word problems that emphasize intuition and understanding. Too many students mistakenly believe that statistics courses are too abstract, mathematical, and tedious to be useful or interesting. To demonstrate the power, elegance, and even beauty of statistical reasoning, this book provides hundreds of new and updated interesting and relevant examples, and discusses not only the uses but also the abuses of statistics. The examples are drawn from many areas to show that statistical reasoning is not an irrelevant abstraction, but an important part of everyday life. - Includes hundreds of updated and new, real-world examples to engage students in the meaning and impact of statistics - Focuses on essential information to enable students to develop their own statistical reasoning - Ideal for one-quarter or one-semester courses taught in economics, business, finance, politics, sociology, and psychology departments, as well as in law and medical schools - Accompanied by an ancillary website with an instructors solutions manual, student solutions manual and supplementing chapters
Author: Wesley Salmon Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre ISBN: 0822971259 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 170
Book Description
Not since Ernest Nagel’s 1939 monograph on the theory of probability has there been a comprehensive elementary survey of the philosophical problems of probablity and induction. This is an authoritative and up-to-date treatment of the subject, and yet it is relatively brief and nontechnical. Hume’s skeptical arguments regarding the justification of induction are taken as a point of departure, and a variety of traditional and contemporary ways of dealing with this problem are considered. The author then sets forth his own criteria of adequacy for interpretations of probability. Utilizing these criteria he analyzes contemporary theories of probability, as well as the older classical and subjective interpretations.
Author: Kevin R. Murphy Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135625328 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 247
Book Description
This book presents a simple and general method for conducting statistical power analysis based on the widely used F statistic. The book illustrates how these analyses work and how they can be applied to problems of studying design, to evaluate others' research, and to choose the appropriate criterion for defining "statistically significant" outcomes. Statistical Power Analysis examines the four major applications of power analysis, concentrating on how to determine: *the sample size needed to achieve desired levels of power; *the level of power that is needed in a study; *the size of effect that can be reliably detected by a study; and *sensible criteria for statistical significance. Highlights of the second edition include: a CD with an easy-to-use statistical power analysis program; a new chapter on power analysis in multi-factor ANOVA, including repeated-measures designs; and a new One-Stop PV Table to serve as a quick reference guide. The book discusses the application of power analysis to both traditional null hypothesis tests and to minimum-effect testing. It demonstrates how the same basic model applies to both types of testing and explains how some relatively simple procedures allow researchers to ask a series of important questions about their research. Drawing from the behavioral and social sciences, the authors present the material in a nontechnical way so that readers with little expertise in statistical analysis can quickly obtain the values needed to carry out the power analysis. Ideal for students and researchers of statistical and research methodology in the social, behavioral, and health sciences who want to know how to apply methods of power analysis to their research.
Author: Masami Nishishiba Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1483301419 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 393
Book Description
Research Methods and Statistics for Public and Nonprofit Administrators: A Practical Guide is a comprehensive, easy-to-read, core text that thoroughly prepares readers to apply research methods and data analysis to the professional environments of public and non-profit administration. The authors expertly incorporate original case examples to demonstrate concepts using “real actors,” facing specific scenarios, in which research methods must be applied. This unique approach—presented in language accessible to both students new to research as well as current practitioners—guides the reader in fully understanding the research options detailed throughout the text.
Author: Stephen Thomas Ziliak
Author: Stephen Thomas Ziliak
Author: Wesley C. Salmon
Author: Deborah G. Mayo
Author: John C. Reinard
Author: Jacob Cohen
Author: Michael A. McCarthy
Author: Gary Smith
Author: Wesley Salmon
Author: Kevin R. Murphy
Author: Masami Nishishiba