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Author: Alison M. Smith Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437941591 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Compiles state statutes pertaining to hate crimes. Hate crime have been defined as a ¿crime in which the defendant intentionally selects a victim, or in the case of property crime, the property that is the object of the crime¿ motivated by prejudice based on the ¿race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation¿ of the victim. States have various statutory provisions covering hate crimes which include ones that: (1) criminalize destruction of religious institutions; (2) criminalize bias-motivated violence and intimidation; (3) mandate reporting of hate crimes; (4) mandate training for state police officers in recognizing and reporting hate crimes; and (5) prohibit infringement on another person¿s civil rights. Charts and tables.
Author: Alison M. Smith Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437941591 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. Compiles state statutes pertaining to hate crimes. Hate crime have been defined as a ¿crime in which the defendant intentionally selects a victim, or in the case of property crime, the property that is the object of the crime¿ motivated by prejudice based on the ¿race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, gender, disability, or sexual orientation¿ of the victim. States have various statutory provisions covering hate crimes which include ones that: (1) criminalize destruction of religious institutions; (2) criminalize bias-motivated violence and intimidation; (3) mandate reporting of hate crimes; (4) mandate training for state police officers in recognizing and reporting hate crimes; and (5) prohibit infringement on another person¿s civil rights. Charts and tables.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Most state hate crimes laws are similar to a model proposed by the AntiDefamation League which covers not only anti-Semitic crimes, but all hate crimes. The model law also includes an institutional vandalism section which increases the criminal penalties for vandalism which covers houses of worship, cemeteries, schools, and community centers. Almost every other state has some form of legislation which can be used to prosecute such crimes. The essence of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) legal approach is the penalty-enhancement concept which was upheld in the landmark decision by the Supreme Court in Wisconsin v. Mitchell, 508 U.S. 476 (1993). The Court was unanimous in upholding the constitutionality of the Wisconsin penalty-enhancement hate crime statute which was based on the ADL's model. In Mitchell, the Court noted that expressions of hate are protected by the First Amendment's free speech clause and they are not by themselves criminalized. However, criminal activity which has been motivated by hate may be made subject to an enhanced sentence. In essence, the defendant's sentence may be enhanced if he intentionally selects his victim based upon his perception of the victim's race, religion, national origin, sexual orientation or gender. Adjustments in state law, regarding the respective fact finding authority of the jury and the court in criminal cases in light of Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), and Booker v. United States, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005), are beyond the scope of this report. This report will be updated periodically as legislative actions within the states occur.
Author: Valerie Jenness Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation ISBN: 1610443144 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 237
Book Description
Violence motivated by racism, anti-Semitism, misogyny, and homophobia weaves a tragic pattern throughout American history. Fueled by recent high-profile cases, hate crimes have achieved an unprecedented visibility. Only in the past twenty years, however, has this kind of violence—itself as old as humankind—been specifically categorized and labeled as hate crime. Making Hate a Crime is the first book to trace the emergence and development of hate crime as a concept, illustrating how it has become institutionalized as a social fact and analyzing its policy implications. In Making Hate a Crime Valerie Jenness and Ryken Grattet show how the concept of hate crime emerged and evolved over time, as it traversed the arenas of American politics, legislatures, courts, and law enforcement. In the process, violence against people of color, immigrants, Jews, gays and lesbians, women, and persons with disabilities has come to be understood as hate crime, while violence against other vulnerable victims-octogenarians, union members, the elderly, and police officers, for example-has not. The authors reveal the crucial role social movements played in the early formulation of hate crime policy, as well as the way state and federal politicians defined the content of hate crime statutes, how judges determined the constitutional validity of those statutes, and how law enforcement has begun to distinguish between hate crime and other crime. Hate crime took on different meanings as it moved from social movement concept to law enforcement practice. As a result, it not only acquired a deeper jurisprudential foundation but its scope of application has been restricted in some ways and broadened in others. Making Hate a Crime reveals how our current understanding of hate crime is a mix of political and legal interpretations at work in the American policymaking process. Jenness and Grattet provide an insightful examination of the birth of a new category in criminal justice: hate crime. Their findings have implications for emerging social problems such as school violence, television-induced violence, elder-abuse, as well as older ones like drunk driving, stalking, and sexual harassment. Making Hate a Crime presents a fresh perspective on how social problems and the policies devised in response develop over time. A Volume in the American Sociological Association's Rose Series in Sociology
Author: United States Publisher: ISBN: Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 1506
Book Description
"The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited "U.S.C. 2012 ed." As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office"--Preface.
Author: Jeannine Bell Publisher: NYU Press ISBN: 0814798977 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 239
Book Description
Explores the interaction of race and law enforcement in the controversial area of hate crime. Bell includes in her work the experiences of detectives who are women, Black, Latino, and Asian American, exploring the impact of the racial identity of both the hate crime victim and the officers' handling of bias crimes.
Author: Karen A. McLaughlin Publisher: Education Development Center ISBN: Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 232
Book Description
This curriculum has been developed for middle and early high school students. The curriculum units address 1) examining about violence and prejudice; 2) addressing issues of diversity with students in their community; and 3) examining the role of contributing factors, such as the media and institutioal prejudice, in perpetuating hate.
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates Publisher: American Bar Association ISBN: 9781590318737 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 216
Book Description
The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Author: Alison M. Smith
Author: Alison M. Smith
Author: 
Author: Charlene A. Austin
Author: Charlene A. Austin
Author: Valerie Jenness
Author: United States
Author: United States Sentencing Commission
Author: Jeannine Bell
Author: Karen A. McLaughlin
Author: American Bar Association. House of Delegates