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Author: Michael Glenn Findley Publisher: ProQuest ISBN: 9780549339984 Category : Languages : en Pages : 253
Book Description
One of the greatest threats to the peaceful resolution of civil wars comes from "spoilers," leaders and factions who use violent or nonviolent strategies to alter the course and outcome of a peace process. Spoilers have successfully wrecked peace agreements in contexts as diverse as Rwanda, Angola, Northern Ireland, and Bosnia. This dissertation addresses the questions: (1) under what conditions do individual groups use spoiling strategies that risk derailing the peace process and (2) what are the aggregate effects of spoiling behavior on the process as a whole. I argue that to understand spoiler behavior, its causes and effects over the course of an interdependent three-stage peace process need to be examined. In particular, groups must choose whether to spoil decisions to negotiate, peace agreements, and the implementation of those agreements. Changing incentives to spoil are rooted in the capability and opportunity structure that groups face at each of these stages. These incentives influence individual group behavior (to spoil or cooperate), which; in turn, affects the outcome of the peace process (is peace achieved, or is there a return to war?). Because of the complexities of civil wars (e.g., multiple factions, multiple stages, path dependencies, and extreme uncertainty), I use an agent-based computational model to generate hypotheses about spoiling behavior. The hypotheses are tested using data on all civil wars between 1945--1999, and with case studies of the Bosnia and Rhodesia/Zimbabwe civil wars. Empirical tests support many of the theoretical propositions and show that spoiling behavior occurs throughout peace processes often motivated by different factors, and having different effects, depending on the stage of the process.
Author: Michael Glenn Findley Publisher: ProQuest ISBN: 9780549339984 Category : Languages : en Pages : 253
Book Description
One of the greatest threats to the peaceful resolution of civil wars comes from "spoilers," leaders and factions who use violent or nonviolent strategies to alter the course and outcome of a peace process. Spoilers have successfully wrecked peace agreements in contexts as diverse as Rwanda, Angola, Northern Ireland, and Bosnia. This dissertation addresses the questions: (1) under what conditions do individual groups use spoiling strategies that risk derailing the peace process and (2) what are the aggregate effects of spoiling behavior on the process as a whole. I argue that to understand spoiler behavior, its causes and effects over the course of an interdependent three-stage peace process need to be examined. In particular, groups must choose whether to spoil decisions to negotiate, peace agreements, and the implementation of those agreements. Changing incentives to spoil are rooted in the capability and opportunity structure that groups face at each of these stages. These incentives influence individual group behavior (to spoil or cooperate), which; in turn, affects the outcome of the peace process (is peace achieved, or is there a return to war?). Because of the complexities of civil wars (e.g., multiple factions, multiple stages, path dependencies, and extreme uncertainty), I use an agent-based computational model to generate hypotheses about spoiling behavior. The hypotheses are tested using data on all civil wars between 1945--1999, and with case studies of the Bosnia and Rhodesia/Zimbabwe civil wars. Empirical tests support many of the theoretical propositions and show that spoiling behavior occurs throughout peace processes often motivated by different factors, and having different effects, depending on the stage of the process.
Author: Galia Golan Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 0253042399 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 185
Book Description
For as long as people have been working to bring peace to areas suffering long-standing, violent conflict, there have also been those working to spoil this peace. These "spoilers" work to disrupt the peace process, and often this disruption takes the form of violence on a catastrophic level. Galia Golan and Gilead Sher offer a broader perspective. They examine this phenomenon by analyzing groups who have spoiled or attempted to spoil peace efforts by political or other nonviolent means. By focusing in particular on the Israeli-Arab conflict, this collection of essays considers the impact of a democratic society operating within a broader context of violence. Contributors bring to light the surprising efforts of negotiators, members of the media, political leaders, and even the courts to disrupt the peace process, and they offer coping strategies for addressing this kind of disruption. Taking into account the multitude of factors that can lead to the breakdown of negotiations, Spoiling and Coping with Spoilers shows how spoilers have been a key factor in Israeli-Arab negotiations in the past and explores how they will likely shape negotiations in the future.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309171733 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 640
Book Description
The end of the Cold War has changed the shape of organized violence in the world and the ways in which governments and others try to set its limits. Even the concept of international conflict is broadening to include ethnic conflicts and other kinds of violence within national borders that may affect international peace and security. What is not yet clear is whether or how these changes alter the way actors on the world scene should deal with conflict: Do the old methods still work? Are there new tools that could work better? How do old and new methods relate to each other? International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War critically examines evidence on the effectiveness of a dozen approaches to managing or resolving conflict in the world to develop insights for conflict resolution practitioners. It considers recent applications of familiar conflict management strategies, such as the use of threats of force, economic sanctions, and negotiation. It presents the first systematic assessments of the usefulness of some less familiar approaches to conflict resolution, including truth commissions, "engineered" electoral systems, autonomy arrangements, and regional organizations. It also opens up analysis of emerging issues, such as the dilemmas facing humanitarian organizations in complex emergencies. This book offers numerous practical insights and raises key questions for research on conflict resolution in a transforming world system.
Author: Patrick Cottrell Publisher: McSweeney's ISBN: 1944211314 Category : Fiction Languages : en Pages : 161
Book Description
Helen Moran is thirty-two years old, single, childless, college-educated, and partially employed as a guardian of troubled young people in New York. She’s accepting a delivery from IKEA in her shared studio apartment when her uncle calls to break the news: Helen’s adoptive brother is dead. According to the internet, there are six possible reasons why her brother might have killed himself. But Helen knows better: she knows that six reasons is only shorthand for the abyss. Helen also knows that she alone is qualified to launch a serious investigation into his death, so she purchases a one-way ticket to Milwaukee. There, as she searches her childhood home and attempts to uncover why someone would choose to die, she will face her estranged family, her brother’s few friends, and the overzealous grief counselor, Chad Lambo; she may also discover what it truly means to be alive. A bleakly comic tour de force that’s by turns poignant, uproariously funny, and viscerally unsettling, this debut novel has shades of Bernhard, Beckett and Bowles—and it announces the singular voice of Patty Yumi Cottrell.
Author: Andrew G. Reiter Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319401025 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 206
Book Description
This book presents post-peace agreement violence as a serious, yet predictable and manageable, political phenomenon. Negotiating an end to a civil war is extremely difficult, and many signed peace agreements subsequently unravel, ushering in renewed conflict. In response, important international actors have become increasingly involved in conflict mediation, peacekeeping, and post-conflict reconstruction around the globe. Policymakers and scholars alike have identified spoilers—violent actors who often rise up and attempt to challenge or derail the peace process—as one of the greatest threats to peace. Using a mixed-method approach combining quantitative and qualitative analyses of a newly created, global dataset of spoiling, Reiter demonstrates that this type of violence occurs in predictable circumstances and only represents a threat to peace under specific conditions. The book also shows that spoiling often serves to bring agreement flaws and implementation failures to light and in turn forces actors to recommit to an accord, thereby strengthening peace in the long term.
Author: Galia Golan Publisher: Indiana Middle East Studies ISBN: 9780253042378 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
For as long as people have been working to bring peace to areas suffering long-standing, violent conflict, there have also been those working to spoil this peace. Taking into account the multitude of factors that can lead to the breakdown of negotiations, Spoiling and Coping with Spoilers shows how spoilers have been a key factor in Israeli-Arab negotiations in the past and explores how they will likely shape negotiations in the future.
Author: Galia Golan Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 0253042380 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
Essays analyzing the role of those who damage or work to damage peace negotiations, specifically in connection to the Israeli-Arab conflict. For as long as people have been working to bring peace to areas suffering long-standing, violent conflict, there have also been those working to spoil this peace. These “spoilers” work to disrupt the peace process, and often this disruption takes the form of violence on a catastrophic level. Galia Golan and Gilead Sher offer a broader perspective. They examine this phenomenon by analyzing groups who have spoiled or attempted to spoil peace efforts by political or other nonviolent means. By focusing in particular on the Israeli-Arab conflict, this collection of essays considers the impact of a democratic society operating within a broader context of violence. Contributors bring to light the surprising efforts of negotiators, members of the media, political leaders, and even the courts to disrupt the peace process, and they offer coping strategies for addressing this kind of disruption. Taking into account the multitude of factors that can lead to the breakdown of negotiations, Spoiling and Coping with Spoilers shows how spoilers have been a key factor in Israeli-Arab negotiations in the past and explores how they will likely shape negotiations in the future. “Overall, Spoiling and Coping with Spoilers offers a refreshing approach to understanding the Israeli-Arab conflict and peace process. By examining the role of spoiling and spoilers, it engages the reader in questions about the potential for and challenges to peace in the region. . . . Highly recommended.” —Choice
Author: Ann Hagedorn Publisher: Simon and Schuster ISBN: 1416539719 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 564
Book Description
Written with the sweep of an epic novel and grounded in extensive research into contemporary documents, Savage Peace is a striking portrait of American democracy under stress. It is the surprising story of America in the year 1919. In the aftermath of an unprecedented worldwide war and a flu pandemic, Americans began the year full of hope, expecting to reap the benefits of peace. But instead, the fear of terrorism filled their days. Bolshevism was the new menace, and the federal government, utilizing a vast network of domestic spies, began to watch anyone deemed suspicious. A young lawyer named J. Edgar Hoover headed a brand-new intelligence division of the Bureau of Investigation (later to become the FBI). Bombs exploded on the doorstep of the attorney general's home in Washington, D.C., and thirty-six parcels containing bombs were discovered at post offices across the country. Poet and journalist Carl Sandburg, recently returned from abroad with a trunk full of Bolshevik literature, was detained in New York, his trunk seized. A twenty-one-year-old Russian girl living in New York was sentenced to fifteen years in prison for protesting U.S. intervention in Arctic Russia, where thousands of American soldiers remained after the Armistice, ostensibly to guard supplies but in reality to join a British force meant to be a warning to the new Bolshevik government. In 1919, wartime legislation intended to curb criticism of the government was extended and even strengthened. Labor strife was a daily occurrence. And decorated African-American soldiers, returning home to claim the democracy for which they had risked their lives, were badly disappointed. Lynchings continued, race riots would erupt in twenty-six cities before the year ended, and secret agents from the government's "Negro Subversion" unit routinely shadowed outspoken African-Americans. Adding a vivid human drama to the greater historical narrative, Savage Peace brings 1919 alive through the people who played a major role in making the year so remarkable. Among them are William Monroe Trotter, who tried to put democracy for African-Americans on the agenda at the Paris peace talks; Supreme Court associate justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., who struggled to find a balance between free speech and legitimate government restrictions for reasons of national security, producing a memorable decision for the future of free speech in America; and journalist Ray Stannard Baker, confidant of President Woodrow Wilson, who watched carefully as Wilson's idealism crumbled and wrote the best accounts we have of the president's frustration and disappointment. Weaving together the stories of a panoramic cast of characters, from Albert Einstein to Helen Keller, Ann Hagedorn brilliantly illuminates America at a pivotal moment.
Author: Edward Newman Publisher: UNU ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
Many ceasefires and peace agreements in civil conflict are initially unsuccessful. Whilst some give way to renewed and often escalating violence, others have become interminably protracted leading to lengthy negotiations in which concessions are rare. Given the huge material and human costs of a failed peace process, the international community has a strong interest in helping these processes succeed and addressing threats to their implementation. This publication focuses on the groups and tactics (referred to as 'spoilers') that actively seek to obstruct or undermine conflict settlement through a variety of means, including terrorism and violence, drawing upon experience from Northern Ireland, the Basque region, Bosnia, Colombia, Israel/Palestine, Cyprus, the Caucasus and Kashmir. It explores the concept of 'spoiling' and spoiling behaviours from a broad range of interests involved (including rebel groups and insurgents, diasporas and governments), considers how this can be addressed, and demonstrates how ill-conceived or imposed peace processes can themselves contribute to the problem.
Author: Brooks D. Simpson Publisher: UNC Press Books ISBN: 1469617463 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
Historians have traditionally drawn distinctions between Ulysses S. Grant's military and political careers. In Let Us Have Peace, Brooks Simpson questions such distinctions and offers a new understanding of this often enigmatic leader. He argues that during the 1860s Grant was both soldier and politician, for military and civil policy were inevitably intertwined during the Civil War and Reconstruction era. According to Simpson, Grant instinctively understood that war was 'politics by other means.' Moreover, he realized that civil wars presented special challenges: reconciliation, not conquest, was the Union's ultimate goal. And in peace, Grant sought to secure what had been won in war, stepping in to assume a more active role in policymaking when the intransigence of white Southerners and the obstructionist behavior of President Andrew Johnson threatened to spoil the fruits of Northern victory.