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Author: Sadamichi Maekawa Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781420024579 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 296
Book Description
In magnetic systems of nano-meter size, the interplay between spin and charge of electrons provides unique transport phenomena. In magnetic superlattices, magnetic and non-magnetic metallic thin films with thickness of the order of one nano-meter are piled-up alternately. Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in these superlattices in 1988, spin dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures have received much attention from both academic and technological points of view. Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions made of ferromagnetic metal electrodes and a very thin insulating barrier between them are also of current interest as magnetoresistive devices, where the tunneling current depends on the relative orientation of magnetization (TMR). In addition to magnetic superlattices and magnetic tunnel junctions, magnetic granular systems and magnetic dots have been studied extensively as magnetoresistive systems. Edited by two of the world's leading authorities, Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures introduces and explains the basic physics and applications of a variety of spin-dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures with particular emphasis on magnetic multilayers and magnetic tunnel junctions.
Author: Sadamichi Maekawa Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781420024579 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 296
Book Description
In magnetic systems of nano-meter size, the interplay between spin and charge of electrons provides unique transport phenomena. In magnetic superlattices, magnetic and non-magnetic metallic thin films with thickness of the order of one nano-meter are piled-up alternately. Since the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in these superlattices in 1988, spin dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures have received much attention from both academic and technological points of view. Ferromagnetic tunnel junctions made of ferromagnetic metal electrodes and a very thin insulating barrier between them are also of current interest as magnetoresistive devices, where the tunneling current depends on the relative orientation of magnetization (TMR). In addition to magnetic superlattices and magnetic tunnel junctions, magnetic granular systems and magnetic dots have been studied extensively as magnetoresistive systems. Edited by two of the world's leading authorities, Spin Dependent Transport in Magnetic Nanostructures introduces and explains the basic physics and applications of a variety of spin-dependent transport phenomena in magnetic nanostructures with particular emphasis on magnetic multilayers and magnetic tunnel junctions.
Author: Brian Curtin O'Gorman Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 208
Book Description
Two of the principal phenomena observed and exploited in the field of spintronics are giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and spin transfer torque (STT). With GMR, the resistance of a magnetic multilayer is affected by the relative orientation of its magnetic layers due to (electron) spin dependent scattering. For the STT effect, a spin-polarized electric current is used to alter the magnetic state of a ferromagnet. Together, GMR and STT are at the foundation of numerous technologies, and they hold promise for many more applications. To achieve the high current densities (~1012 A/m2) that are necessary to observe STT effects, point contacts - constricted electrical pathways (~1-100 nm in diameter) between conducting materials - are often used because of their small cross-sectional areas. In this sense, we have explored STT in bilayer magnetic nanopillars, where an electric current was used to induce precession of a ferromagnetic layer. This precessional state was detected as an increase in resistance of the device, akin to GMR. Temperature dependent measurements of the onset of precession shed light on the activation mechanism, but raised further questions about its detailed theory. Point contacts can also be used as local sources or detectors of electrons. In this context, we have observed transverse electron focusing (TEF) in a single crystal of bismuth. TEF is a k-selective technique for studying electron scattering from within materials. Using lithographically fabricated point contacts, we have studied the temperature dependence of the relaxation time for ballistic electrons from 4.2 to 100 K. These measurements indicated a transition between electron-electron dominated scattering at low temperatures and electron-phonon scattering as the Debye temperature was approached. We present preliminary work toward a TEF experiment to measure spin dependent scattering from a non-magnet/magnet interface. We also investigated spin wave propagation in thin, magnetic waveguide structures. At the boundary between the waveguide and continuous magnetic film, spin wave rays were found to radiate into the film, or to reflect and form standing waves in the waveguide. A circular defect in the waveguide was observed to cause diffraction of spin waves, generating an interference pattern of higher modes of oscillation.
Author: Evgeny Y. Tsymbal Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439803781 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 797
Book Description
In the past several decades, the research on spin transport and magnetism has led to remarkable scientific and technological breakthroughs, including Albert Fert and Peter Grunberg's Nobel Prize-winning discovery of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in magnetic metallic multilayers. Handbook of Spin Transport and Magnetism provides a comprehensive, bal
Author: Hartmut Zabel Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3642320422 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 279
Book Description
Nanomagnetism and spintronics is a rapidly expanding and increasingly important field of research with many applications already on the market and many more to be expected in the near future. This field started in the mid-1980s with the discovery of the GMR effect, recently awarded with the Nobel prize to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg. The present volume covers the most important and most timely aspects of magnetic heterostructures, including spin torque effects, spin injection, spin transport, spin fluctuations, proximity effects, and electrical control of spin valves. The chapters are written by internationally recognized experts in their respective fields and provide an overview of the latest status.
Author: Joao B. Sousa Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323460976 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 484
Book Description
Transport Phenomena in Micro- and Nanoscale Functional Materials and Devices offers a pragmatic view on transport phenomena for micro- and nanoscale materials and devices, both as a research tool and as a means to implant new functions in materials. Chapters emphasize transport properties (TP) as a research tool at the micro/nano level and give an experimental view on underlying techniques. The relevance of TP is highlighted through the interplay between a micro/nanocarrier's characteristics and media characteristics: long/short-range order and disorder excitations, couplings, and in energy conversions. Later sections contain case studies on the role of transport properties in functional nanomaterials. This includes transport in thin films and nanostructures, from nanogranular films, to graphene and 2D semiconductors and spintronics, and from read heads, MRAMs and sensors, to nano-oscillators and energy conversion, from figures of merit, micro-coolers and micro-heaters, to spincaloritronics. Presents a pragmatic description of electrical transport phenomena in micro- and nanoscale materials and devices from an experimental viewpoint Provides an in-depth overview of the experimental techniques available to measure transport phenomena in micro- and nanoscale materials Features case studies to illustrate how each technique works Highlights emerging areas of interest in micro- and nanomaterial transport phenomena, including spintronics
Author: Jan Bundesmann Publisher: Universitatsverlag Regensburg ISBN: 9783868451153 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Graphene, a two-dimensional material consisting of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, has become famous for the evidence that its electronic structure approximately corresponds to the one of massless Dirac fermions. However, in order to correctly describe graphene , the spin, which plays an essential role in the physics of Dirac fermions, has to be replaced by the so-called pseudospin, an intrinsic property of the honeycomb lattice which is not related to the electrons' real spin. If, now, the real spin is considered, too, the effective Hamiltonian has to be extended by terms which have no equivalents in the original Dirac Hamiltonian. While charge transport properties can be predicted from Dirac physics very realiably, the extended Hamiltonian leads to new phenomena in the context of spin transport. In this thesis two distinct topics are investigated theoretically. The presented results are mainly based on numerical simulations using a recursive Green's function algorithm. The first part of this thesis covers spin relaxation in graphene. Different sources of spin relaxation are investigated with a particular focus on the role of locally varying spin-orbit coupling and adatoms. The second part covers edge magnetism in graphene zigzag nanoribbons. It is shown how magnetic clusters form even in the presence of a potential which is not homogeneous in space. Different signatures of zigzag edge magnetization on charge and spin transport are presented.
Author: Hugo Silva Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659325069 Category : Languages : en Pages : 196
Book Description
This work is mainly dedicated to the study of spin dependent transport in magnetic nanostructures. The principal objective is the optimization of the magnetoresistive performance of such structures, in order to built high density Magnetic Random Access Memories (MRAM). Nevertheless, new resistive properties are also found, that could be useful for another type of non-volatile memory device, in this case, Resistive Random Access Memories (ReRAM). The book is basically divided into two parts: the first one considers the theoretical analysis of perfect multilayered magnetic junctions with quantum coherent transport (in the context of Landauer formula), revealing an impressive enhancement of the magnetoresistance, in the so called shallow band regime; the second one is dedicated to the experimental study of magnetic granular multilayers, ten granular Co80Fe20 layers embedded into an insulating Al2O3 matrix, showing interesting resistive and capacitive switching properties, and complemented by a theoretical description of percolation charge transport in these materials (using a mean-field approach).
Author: Sadamichi Maekawa
Author: Sadamichi Maekawa
Author: A. S. Sahakyan
Author: Athanasios N. Chantis
Author: Brian Curtin O'Gorman
Author: Evgeny Y. Tsymbal
Author: Hartmut Zabel
Author: Joao B. Sousa
Author: Jan Bundesmann
Author: Christoph Michel
Author: Hugo Silva