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Author: Saroch Boonsiripant Publisher: ISBN: Category : Global Positioning System Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The identification of roadway sections with a higher than expected number of crashes is usually based on long term crash frequency data. In situations where historical crash data are limited or not available, surrogate safety measures, based on characteristics such as road geometries, traffic volume, and speed variation are often considered. Most of existing crash prediction models relate safety to speed variation at a specific point on the roadway. However, such point-specific explanatory variables do not capture the effect of speed consistency along the roadway. This study developed several measures based on the speed profiles along road segments to estimate the crash frequency on urban streets. To collect speed profile data, second-by-second speed data were obtained from more than 460 GPS-equipped vehicles participating in the Commute Atlanta Study over the 2004 calendar year. A series of speed data filters have been developed to identify likely free-flow speed data. The quantified relationships between surrogate measures and crash frequency are developed using regression tree and generalized linear modeling (GLM) approaches. The results indicate that safety characteristics of roadways are likely a function of the roadway classification. Two crash prediction models with different set of explanatory variables were developed for higher and lower classification roadways. The findings support the potential use of the profile-based measures to evaluate the safety of road network as the deployment of GPS-equipped vehicles become more prevalent.
Author: Saroch Boonsiripant Publisher: ISBN: Category : Global Positioning System Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The identification of roadway sections with a higher than expected number of crashes is usually based on long term crash frequency data. In situations where historical crash data are limited or not available, surrogate safety measures, based on characteristics such as road geometries, traffic volume, and speed variation are often considered. Most of existing crash prediction models relate safety to speed variation at a specific point on the roadway. However, such point-specific explanatory variables do not capture the effect of speed consistency along the roadway. This study developed several measures based on the speed profiles along road segments to estimate the crash frequency on urban streets. To collect speed profile data, second-by-second speed data were obtained from more than 460 GPS-equipped vehicles participating in the Commute Atlanta Study over the 2004 calendar year. A series of speed data filters have been developed to identify likely free-flow speed data. The quantified relationships between surrogate measures and crash frequency are developed using regression tree and generalized linear modeling (GLM) approaches. The results indicate that safety characteristics of roadways are likely a function of the roadway classification. Two crash prediction models with different set of explanatory variables were developed for higher and lower classification roadways. The findings support the potential use of the profile-based measures to evaluate the safety of road network as the deployment of GPS-equipped vehicles become more prevalent.
Author: Neville A Stanton Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319604414 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1166
Book Description
This book discusses the latest advances in research and development, design, operation and analysis of transportation systems and their complementary infrastructures. It reports on both theories and case studies on road and rail, aviation and maritime transportation. The book covers a wealth of topics, from accident analysis, vehicle intelligent control, and human-error and safety issues to next-generation transportation systems, model-based design methods, simulation and training techniques, and many more. A special emphasis is given to smart technologies and automation in transport, as well as to user-centered, ergonomic and sustainable design of transport systems. The book, which is based on the AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, held on July 17–21, Los Angeles, California, USA, mainly addresses transportation system designers, industrial designers, human–computer interaction researchers, civil and control engineers, as well as vehicle system engineers. Moreover, it represents a timely source of information for transportation policy-makers and social scientists dealing with traffic safety, management, and sustainability issues in transport.
Author: Donald L Fisher Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1315356562 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 465
Book Description
Despite a growing body of research and targeted remediation, teenage and novice drivers continue to be six to nine times more likely to die in a crash than they are when they are just a few years older. The World Health Organization reports that road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death globally among 15 to 19 year olds. In light of these crash statistics, understanding the teen driver problem remains of paramount public health importance around the world. The Handbook of Teen and Novice Drivers: Research, Practice, Policy, and Directions provides critical knowledge for a broad range of potential readers, including students, teachers, researchers in academics, industry and the federal government, public policy makers at all levels, insurance companies and automobile manufacturers, driving instructors, and parents and their teens.
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9282103781 Category : Languages : en Pages : 286
Book Description
Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...
Author: Jungwook Jun Publisher: ISBN: Category : Motor vehicle drivers Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Identifying and understanding the relationships between observed driving behavior over long-term periods and corresponding crash involvement rates is paramount to enhancing safety improvement programs and providing useful insights for transportation safety engineers, policy markers, insurance industries, and the public. Unlike previous data collection methods, recent advancement in mobile computing and accuracy of global positioning systems (GPS) allow researchers to monitor driving activities of large fleets of vehicles, for long-time study periods, at great detail. This study investigates the driving patterns of drivers who have and who have not experienced crashes during a 14-month study period using the longitudinally collected GPS data during a six-month Commute Atlanta study. This investigation allows an empirical investigation to assess whether drivers with recent crash experiences exhibit different driving or activity patterns (travel mileage, travel duration, speed, acceleration, speed stability duration, frequency of unfamiliar roadway activities, frequency of turn movement activities, and previous crash location exposures). This study also discusses various techniques of implementing GPS data streams in safety analyses. Finally, this study provides useful guidance for researchers who plan to evaluate the relationships between driver driving behavior and crash risk with large sample data and proposes driving behavior activity exposure metrics of individual drivers for possible safety surrogate measures as well as for driver re-training and education programs.
Author: Sohail Zangenehpour Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Pedestrians and cyclists are amongst the most vulnerable road users as their accidents involving motor vehicles result in high injury and fatality rates for these two modes. Data collection for non-motorized road users remains a challenge and automated data collection methods are far more advanced for motorized traffic. To improve cyclist safety and promote urban cycling, cities have been building bicycle infrastructure, such as cycle tracks and bicycle boxes. These facilities have been built and expanded but due to the lack of appropriate data and problems with automated cyclist data collection, very little in-depth research has been carried out to investigate the safety impacts of these infrastructures. The majority of non-motorized safety studies are based on traditional methods which use observed accident and injury data. An important shortcoming of this approach is the need to wait for accidents to occur over several years. An alternative to traditional safety analysis is surrogate safety methods which can provide statistically sufficient data in a shorter time period. However, to perform surrogate safety studies, microscopic data from road users is needed. To address the shortcomings of the current literature and to improve the microscopic data collection tools for non-motorized road users, this thesis presents an automated methodology to classify road users in traffic videos - this methodology is complementary to existing object-tracking tools. The methodology is tested and validated using a large dataset from signalized intersections with high mixed traffic in Montreal, Canada. Road users are classified into three main categories: pedestrian, cyclist, and motor vehicle, with an overall accuracy of over 95 %. The proposed methodology is capable not only of counting the movements of the different road users (generating exposure measures), but also provides microscopic data separately for each road user type for safety analysis. As a result, performing automated surrogate safety studies becomes possible for facilities with mixed motorized and non-motorized traffic. As part of this thesis, the relationship between the surrogate safety measure used in this research, post encroachment time, and the historical accident data has been investigated and shows promising correlation. Using several hours of video recorded from a sample of signalized intersections in Montreal, and analyzed using the proposed techniques, the safety effects of two types of bicycle infrastructure, cycle tracks and bicycle boxes, have been investigated. The results show that based on the interactions between cyclists and turning vehicles, having a cycle track on the right side of the road is safer than not having a cycle track or than having a cycle track on the left side of the road. Also the study on the safety of bicycle boxes at intersections reveals that this type of bicycle facility is associated with a significant reduction in the severity of interactions (increase in post encroachment time) between cyclists and vehicles." --
Author: Kristin Kersavage Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Reducing the number and severity of crashes on highways and streets is of high importance for government officials and transportation professionals in the United States. Substantial research has focused on various speed metrics, such as operating speeds and the posted speed limit, and their relationship to safety, such as crash frequency and crash severity. Crash severity is the safety measure most often linked to measures of speed and is based on dissipation of kinetic energy. However, many aspects of the relationships between speed metrics and crash frequency and risk have yet to be studied in depth, so a complete understanding of speeding-related crashes is unknown. Design speeds are used to establish geometric design criteria, and operating speed results from the geometric design process. Posted speed limits may be established based on operating speeds or by statute. When posted speed limits are inconsistent with design or operating speeds, road safety performance may be affected. A more complete understanding of the relationship between safety performance and operating speeds, posted speed limits, and design speeds may produce rational speed limits and lead to improved safety performance on roadways.This research combined real-time vehicle probe speed data, roadway inventory data, and crash data to assess crash risk and crash frequency.This thesis first determined the risk of a crash on two-lane rural highways based on operating speed metrics, differences between speed metrics, and traffic volume data. Results from the crash risk analysis indicate that operating speeds in 1-minute and 5-minute averages improve the statistical fit and prediction of binary logistic regression models. Higher traffic volumes and operating speeds higher than either the road average speed or road reference speed were associated with increased crash risk. Whereas, variations in travel speeds between vehicles were associated with decreased crash risk. This thesis also analyzed the frequency of crashes on horizontal curve segments of two-lane rural roadways using operating speed data, differences among speed metrics, traffic volume data, roadway inventory data, and crash data. Negative binomial regression models improve the statistical fit and prediction of crash frequency models compared to random-effects negative binomial regression. Generally, increases in the differences between operating speed and road average speed and the differences between operating speed and inferred design were associated with an increase in crash frequency. Increases in the differences between inferred design speed and posted speed limit were also associated with an expected increase in crash frequency; however, increases in the operating speed variance and in the difference between operating speeds and posted speed limit were associated with an expected decrease in crash frequency.
Author: Yechen Qin Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783031003714 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Ever stringent vehicle safety legislation and consumer expectations inspire the improvement of vehicle dynamic performance, which result in a rising number of control strategies for vehicle dynamics that rely on driving conditions. Road profiles, as the primary excitation source of vehicle systems, play a critical role in vehicle dynamics and also in public transportation. Knowledge of precise road conditions can thus be of great assistance for vehicle companies and government departments to develop proper dynamic control algorithms, and to fix roads in a timely manner and at the minimum cost, respectively. As a result, developing easy-to-use and accurate road estimation methods are of great importance in terms of reducing the cost related to vehicles and road maintenance as well as improving passenger comfort and handling capacity. A few books have already been published on road profile modeling and the influence of road unevenness on vehicle response. However, there is still room to discuss road assessment methods based on vehicle response and how road conditions can be used to improve vehicle dynamics. In this book, we use several generalized vehicle models to demonstrate the concepts, methods, and applications of vehicle response-based road estimation algorithms. In addition, necessary tools, algorithms, and methods are illustrated, and the benefits of the road estimation algorithms are evaluated. Furthermore, several case studies of controllable suspension systems to improve vehicle vertical dynamics are presented.
Author: Saroch Boonsiripant
Author: Saroch Boonsiripant
Author: Neville A Stanton
Author: Donald L Fisher
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Author: Jungwook Jun
Author: Sohail Zangenehpour
Author: Kristin Kersavage
Author: W. Ronald Hudson
Author: András Hegyi
Author: Yechen Qin