Author: Crystal Tasha Engineer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Auditory perception Languages : en Pages : 212
Book Description
It is important to understand how the human brain processes speech sounds in order to lead to perception. fMRI and EEG studies have shown that certain cortical regions are activated after hearing speech, but these techniques lack the temporal and spatial precision necessary to document the unique pattern of activation evoked by each speech sound. Previous studies have shown that the primary auditory cortex (A1) pattern of activity evoked in response to speech sounds is altered by the temporal features of the sound. In this study, we show that rats' (Rattus norvegicus) behavioral performance on consonant discrimination tasks is similar in key respects to human performance, and can be predicted from the spatiotemporal pattern of rat A1 activity when temporal information is maintained. When temporal information is ignored and the mean firing rate is used, behavioral performance cannot be predicted as accurately. We also document the ability of rats to categorize speech sounds by voicing or gender on the first day of training. This categorization ability is also predicted by the spatiotemporal pattern of A1 activity. Finally, we show that training on multiple speech discrimination tasks increases the proportion of neurons responding to low frequency tones, the threshold of A1 neurons, the response strength to tones, the receptive field size, and response latencies. Passive exposure to speech sounds increases the proportion of neurons responding to high frequency tones, and decreases the threshold of A1 neurons and response latencies. These results indicate that training on multiple speech tasks does not result in stimulus specific response enhancement in primary auditory cortex, but instead, results in generalized enhancement of untrained sounds following speech training. This result suggests that non-primary or higher cortical areas, as opposed to A1, may exhibit stimulus specificity after speech sound training.
Author: Thomas D. Wickens Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780195357806 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 284
Book Description
Signal detection theory, as developed in electrical engineering and based on statistical decision theory, was first applied to human sensory discrimination about 40 years ago. The theory's intent was to explain how humans discriminate and how we might use reliable measures to quantify this ability. An interesting finding of this work is that decisions are involved even in the simplest of discrimination tasks--say, determining whether or not a sound has been heard (a yes-no decision). Detection theory has been applied to a host of varied problems (for example, measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems, survey research, reliability of lie detection tests) and extends far beyond the detection of signals. This book is a primer on signal detection theory, useful for both undergraduates and graduate students.
Author: Charles I. Berlin Publisher: Cengage Learning ISBN: Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 176
Book Description
The Brain and Sensory Plasticity: Language Acquisition and Hearing is the eighth volume honoring the annual Kresge-Mirmelstein award for excellence. This volume celebrates Masakazu Koniski, who has led the field in neuroethology since the 1960's. This book contains a collection of seven research articles presented by prominent contributors in the field of neuroethology.
Author: Jeffery A. Winer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1441900748 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 711
Book Description
There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.
Author: David Poeppel Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461423139 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
We live in a complex and dynamically changing acoustic environment. To this end, the auditory cortex of humans has developed the ability to process a remarkable amount of diverse acoustic information with apparent ease. In fact, a phylogenetic comparison of auditory systems reveals that human auditory association cortex in particular has undergone extensive changes relative to that of other species, although our knowledge of this remains incomplete. In contrast to other senses, human auditory cortex receives input that is highly pre-processed in a number of sub-cortical structures; this suggests that even primary auditory cortex already performs quite complex analyses. At the same time, much of the functional role of the various sub-areas in human auditory cortex is still relatively unknown, and a more sophisticated understanding is only now emerging through the use of contemporary electrophysiological and neuroimaging techniques. The integration of results across the various techniques signify a new era in our knowledge of how human auditory cortex forms basis for auditory experience. This volume on human auditory cortex will have two major parts. In Part A, the principal methodologies currently used to investigate human auditory cortex will be discussed. Each chapter will first outline how the methodology is used in auditory neuroscience, highlighting the challenges of obtaining data from human auditory cortex; second, each methods chapter will provide two or (at most) three brief examples of how it has been used to generate a major result about auditory processing. In Part B, the central questions for auditory processing in human auditory cortex are covered. Each chapter can draw on all the methods introduced in Part A but will focus on a major computational challenge the system has to solve. This volume will constitute an important contemporary reference work on human auditory cortex. Arguably, this will be the first and most focused book on this critical neurological structure. The combination of different methodological and experimental approaches as well as a diverse range of aspects of human auditory perception ensures that this volume will inspire novel insights and spurn future research.
Author: Günter Ehret Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA ISBN: 9780195096842 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
This is a graduate-level text on the neurobiology of hearing, covering the structure and function of the central auditory pathway of all mammals.
Author: Crystal Tasha Engineer
Author: Thomas D. Wickens
Author: Charles I. Berlin
Author: Jeffery A. Winer
Author: Jeffery A. Winer
Author: David Poeppel
Author: Aage R. Møller
Author: 
Author: Günter Ehret
Author: Rachel J. Ellis