Speech Discrimination as Related to Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Conditions of Quiet and Noise PDF Download

Author: Carmen Evelyn Shyba
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Audiometry
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309092965
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321

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Book Description
Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.

Author: Laurie Jean Swerko
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hearing
Languages : en
Pages : 126

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Book Description

Author: Walt Jesteadt
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317729374
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 731

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Book Description
A recent study indicates that 20 million people in the United States have significant sensorineural hearing loss. Approximately 95% of those people have partial losses, with varying degrees of residual hearing. These percentages are similar in other developed countries. What changes in the function of the cochlea or inner ear cause such losses? What does the world sound like to the 19 million people with residual hearing? How should we transform sounds to correct for the hearing loss and maximize restoration of normal hearing? Answers to such questions require detailed models of the way that sounds are processed by the nervous system, both for listeners with normal hearing and for those with sensorineural hearing loss. This book contains chapters describing the work of 25 different research groups. A great deal of research in recent years has been aimed at obtaining a better physiological description of the altered processes that cause sensorineural hearing loss and a better understanding of transformations that occur in the perception of those sounds that are sufficiently intense that they can still be heard. Efforts to understand these changes in function have lead to a better understanding of normal function as well. This research has been based on rigorous mathematical models, computer simulations of mechanical and physiological processes, and signal processing simulations of the altered perceptual experience of listeners with sensorineural hearing loss. This book provides examples of all these approaches to modeling sensorineural hearing loss and a summary of the latest research in the field.

Author: Gordon LeRoy Fletcher
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hearing
Languages : en
Pages : 94

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Author: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 506

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Author: Alice Harriet Suter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Audiometry
Languages : en
Pages : 126

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Book Description

Author: Jessica C. Speer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deafness, Noise induced
Languages : en
Pages : 66

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Book Description

Author: Abin Kuruvilla-Mathew
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory cortex
Languages : en
Pages : 159

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Book Description
Aims: Aims of this thesis were to: 1) investigate speech stimuli and background-noisedependent changes in cortical event related potentials (ERPs) in unaided and aided conditions, and determine amplification effects on ERPs, 2) examine behavioural and neural processing of pitch cues in adults with normal hearing (NH) and adults with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), and 3) investigate the effects of auditory training on pitch processing using behavioural and electrophysiological approaches in adults with SNHL. Method: In Study 1 P1, N1, and P2 responses to naturally produced syllables in quiet and in multi-talker babble were recorded, with and without a hearing aid in the right ear. Acoustic characteristics of the hearing-aid-transduced stimuli were measured using inthe- canal probe microphone measurements. In Study 2 behavioural pitch discrimination abilities were tested using the monaural TFS1 test (Moore & Sek, 2009a). Cortical potentials (N1, P2 and acoustic change complex, ACC) were recorded in response to frequency shifted (deltaF) tone complexes in an ‘ABA’ pattern in adults with mild and high frequency SNHL. In Study 3 N1, P2 and P3 ERPs and their related behavioural measures of discrimination (d-prime sensitivity and reaction time) were recorded using an active oddball paradigm. Behavioural pitch discrimination abilities were tested using the monaural (right ear) TFS1 (Temporal Fine Structure 1) test. All tests were conducted during pre-training and post-training sessions. Training consisted of discrimination of complex tones varying in pitch using custom software (Vandali et al., 2015) Results: The first study revealed that CAEP latencies and amplitudes showed significant effects of speech contrast, background noise and amplification. N1 and P2 components varied differently across conditions. Hearing-aid induced spectral and temporal changes to the speech stimuli affected P1-N1-P2 components. The second study showed that the SNHL group performed more poorly than the NH group for the TFS1 test and hence had poorer discrimination of fine structure cues, despite having normal or mild hearing loss in the frequency region of the stimulus. P2 (latency and amplitude) was more reflective of pitch differences between the complexes than N1. The presence of the acoustic change complex in response to the TFS transitions in the ABA stimulus varied with deltaF (and hence with pitch salience). Acoustic change complex amplitudes were reduced for the group with SNHL compared to controls. The third study demonstrated stimulus-specific ERP changes after training with no significant improvement in behavioural discrimination performance. In Study 3 P2 amplitude was more sensitive to training mastery (progress on the auditory training task) than behavioural discrimination abilities. Conclusion: Cortical ERPs reflect spectral and temporal characteristics of speech and complex-tonal stimuli and changes induced by background noise, amplification and training.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Audiology
Languages : en
Pages : 57

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Book Description
One of the most common complaints of persons with sensorineural hearing loss is difficulty hearing in background noise. Temporal fine structure (TFS) is one of the factors that contributes to understanding speech in the presence of background noise. TFS refers to the periodic information in speech which helps us to identify which speech sound we are listening to. TFS is also negatively affected by hearing loss, as well as age. In a quest to discover how TFS processing and thus speech-in-noise understanding can be improved, this study examined the effects of musical training on behavioral and physiological measures of temporal fine structure, as well as the brain-behavior relationship as it relates to frequency representation in the brainstem. This relationship was measured by two behavioral tests: frequency discrimination and a measure of speech understanding in background noise - the Hearing-in-Noise test (HINT), and one physiologic measure, the frequency following response (FFR). The stimuli for frequency discrimination and the FFR were tonebursts of 500 Hz in quiet, 1000 Hz in quiet, 500 Hz in noise, and 1000 Hz in noise. A total of 28 subjects were tested, 16 musicians and 12 non-musicians. The results showed that musicians had better frequency difference limens (FDLs) than non-musicians. For the physiologic measure, musical experience did not affect phase-locked representations of TFS. Musicians also did not have better signal-to-noise ratios on the HINT. There were no significant brain-behavior relationships between measures except that lower or better FDL thresholds at 1000 Hz in quiet implied lower or worse phase coherence at 1000 Hz in quiet. A greater number of years of musical experience related to lower or better FDLs for the conditions in quiet but not in noise. The years of training did not relate to performance on FFR phase coherence, amplitude, or HINT scores. It was concluded that musical training significantly enhanced behavioral TFS processing, however no significant effects were noted for neural representation of TFS or speech-in-noise understanding.