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Author: Parker, Jr. (Kevin A.) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
"Low winter-temperatures drive hibernation and migration in bats in temperate regions, which in turn can influence mortality via white-nose syndrome (WNS) and wind turbine interactions. However, the low-temperature during winter at which bats are able to be active remains unknown. I describe the species-specific winter low-temperature thresholds (TLT) for bat presence across the state of North Carolina (NC), USA. I defined the TLT as the sunset temperature (Ta) at which there was a certain probability of presence for that night and tested 10% (TLT 10) and 25% (TLT 25) levels. I studied two migratory species, Lasionycteris noctivagans and Lasiurus cinereus, and two cave hibernating species, Perimyotis subflavus and Eptesicus fuscus. I predicted that different species of bats would have different TLT, and that larger species would have lower TLT. I also predicted that migratory bats would have lower TLT than cave hibernating bats. I acoustically monitored bat activity from sunset to sunrise in the winter (December to February) of 2017 and 2018, across a large Ta gradient (mean winter temperatures -0.1°C to 11.6°C). I found all species to be present in the winter: L. noctivagans on 611 detector nights, E. fuscus on 242 detector nights, P. subflavus on 155 detector nights, and L. cinereus on 111 detector nights. In contrast to my prediction for migratory bats, the smaller bodied L. noctivagans had a lower TLT (TLT 10 1.01 °C Ta, TLT 25 7.27°C Ta) than the larger bodied L. cinereus (TLT 10 13.76°C Ta, TLT 25 18.79°C Ta). In support of my prediction I found that at low Ta, body mass is important in predicting probability of presence in cave hibernating species at TLT 10 (E. fuscus 9.65°C Ta, P. subflavus12.53 °C Ta), but as the Ta warms that effect weakens at TLT 25 (E. fuscus 16.92°C Ta, P. subflavus 17.76 °C Ta). I found lower TLT 10 in species less affected by WNS, suggesting that behavioral adaptations to low winter Ta affect WNS susceptibility. My results can be used to model the progression of WNS in the southern USA, as well as improve our understanding of winter L. cinereus wind turbine collisions in NC."--Abstract from author supplied metadata. [This abstract has been edited to remove characters that will not display in this system. Please see the PDF for the full abstract.]
Author: Parker, Jr. (Kevin A.) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
"Low winter-temperatures drive hibernation and migration in bats in temperate regions, which in turn can influence mortality via white-nose syndrome (WNS) and wind turbine interactions. However, the low-temperature during winter at which bats are able to be active remains unknown. I describe the species-specific winter low-temperature thresholds (TLT) for bat presence across the state of North Carolina (NC), USA. I defined the TLT as the sunset temperature (Ta) at which there was a certain probability of presence for that night and tested 10% (TLT 10) and 25% (TLT 25) levels. I studied two migratory species, Lasionycteris noctivagans and Lasiurus cinereus, and two cave hibernating species, Perimyotis subflavus and Eptesicus fuscus. I predicted that different species of bats would have different TLT, and that larger species would have lower TLT. I also predicted that migratory bats would have lower TLT than cave hibernating bats. I acoustically monitored bat activity from sunset to sunrise in the winter (December to February) of 2017 and 2018, across a large Ta gradient (mean winter temperatures -0.1°C to 11.6°C). I found all species to be present in the winter: L. noctivagans on 611 detector nights, E. fuscus on 242 detector nights, P. subflavus on 155 detector nights, and L. cinereus on 111 detector nights. In contrast to my prediction for migratory bats, the smaller bodied L. noctivagans had a lower TLT (TLT 10 1.01 °C Ta, TLT 25 7.27°C Ta) than the larger bodied L. cinereus (TLT 10 13.76°C Ta, TLT 25 18.79°C Ta). In support of my prediction I found that at low Ta, body mass is important in predicting probability of presence in cave hibernating species at TLT 10 (E. fuscus 9.65°C Ta, P. subflavus12.53 °C Ta), but as the Ta warms that effect weakens at TLT 25 (E. fuscus 16.92°C Ta, P. subflavus 17.76 °C Ta). I found lower TLT 10 in species less affected by WNS, suggesting that behavioral adaptations to low winter Ta affect WNS susceptibility. My results can be used to model the progression of WNS in the southern USA, as well as improve our understanding of winter L. cinereus wind turbine collisions in NC."--Abstract from author supplied metadata. [This abstract has been edited to remove characters that will not display in this system. Please see the PDF for the full abstract.]
Author: John. F. Grider Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
"Within a species' distribution, there is often a core population that constitutes the majority of individuals. When threats to a species are present, the core populations within the species distribution usually receive the majority of the conservation effort. However, when core populations are threatened, peripheral populations of a species distribution may be critical for conservation. Warmer temperatures along the Atlantic coastal plain may allow peripheral bat populations to remain active through the winter, thereby lowering the probability that they will migrate to hibernacula or wintering sites. Wintering at hibernacula and migrations to wintering sites are both associated with high mortality in multiple bat species because of White Nose Syndrome (WNS) and fatalities at wind farms, respectively. The objective of this study was to determine if, during the winter, peripheral populations of bats in the North Carolina coastal plain are more active than non-peripheral populations. I established four Song Meter recording stations along a 295 kilometer north-south transect in the coastal plain (peripheral sites) and two Song Meter recording stations in the piedmont (non-peripheral sites) of North Carolina I recorded activity every night from sunset to sunrise, during the years 2012-2014. At all sites in both regions (piedmont and coastal plain) there was lower bat activity in the winter compared with the summer. However, winter was the only season where region was a significant predictor, on its own, of bat activity, whereby the coastal plain had higher bat activity in the winter when compared to the piedmont. Moreover, the probability of recording bats during the winter was higher on the coastal plain when compared to the piedmont. In addition, I was able to conservatively identify a subset of my recordings to species. In general, the same species of bats were present in the summer and the winter on the coastal plain. Importantly, bats species that have seen high mortality from WNS, including Myotis septentrionalis and Perimyotis subflavus, were active during the winter in the coastal plain. Increased winter activity of WNS impacted species in peripheral North Carolina populations means these individuals could never come into contact with Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd; the fungus characteristic of WNS) spores or could increase their survival should they be infected with Pd. I also found that migratory tree bat species are using the coastal plain and piedmont regions differently with the piedmont likely being used as a stopover point along a migratory route and the coastal plain likely being used as a wintering ground. Of the migratory tree bats, Lasiurus borealis remained present year-round on the coastal plain. On the other hand, Lasiurus cinereus and Lasionycteris noctivagans appeared to migrate, in some cases to the coastal plain. Migration by Lasiurus cinereus and Lasionycteris noctivagans could lead to mortality from wind turbines. My study demonstrates important seasonal differences in activity between coastal plain (peripheral) and piedmont (non-peripheral) populations of bats in the Atlantic coastal plain and underscores the conservation importance of the winter activity of peripheral bat populations."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans, and Insular Affairs Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 64
Author: Michael A. Menzel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bats Languages : en Pages : 80
Book Description
The U.S. Department of Energygass Savannah River Site supports a diverse bat community. Nine species occur there regularly, including the eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus), southeastern myotis (Myotis austroriparius), evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), Rafinesquegass big-eared bat (Corynorhinus rafinesquii), silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans), eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), Seminole bat (L. seminolus), hoary bat (L. cinereus), and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). There are extralimital capture records for two additional species: little brown bat (M. lucifigus) and northern yellow bat (Lasiurus intermedius). Acoustical sampling has documented the presence of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis), but none has been captured. Among those species common to the Site, the southeastern myotis and Rafinesque's big-eared bat are listed in South Carolina as threatened and endangered, respectively. The presence of those two species, and a growing concern for the conservation of forest-dwelling bats, led to extensive and focused research on the Savannah River Site between 1996 and 2002. Summarizing this and other bat research, we provide species accounts that discuss morphology and distribution, roosting and foraging behaviors, home range characteristics, habitat relations, and reproductive biology. We also present information on conservation needs and rabies issues; and, finally, identification keys that may be useful wherever the bat species we describe are found.
Author: Parker, Jr. (Kevin A.)
Author: Parker, Jr. (Kevin A.)
Author: John. F. Grider
Author: Frank Richard Thompson
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, Oceans, and Insular Affairs
Author: 
Author: 
Author: United States. Forest Service. Southern Region
Author: Michael A. Menzel
Author: 
Author: