Special Issue: Advances in Risk Assessment for Contaminated Environments PDF Download

Author: Jianbing Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 93

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Author: Pasquale Avino
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036509461
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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This Special Issue aims to make a concrete technical contribution to the solution of the various problems related to indoor air pollution. In 11 papers, international scientists report the last findings in this field from different points of view including topics such as the IAQ legislation, the role of IAQ in schools, hospitals and (micro)environments in general, the performance of an olfactometer system or the impact of an indoor malodor, BTEX measures in a Fire Station, and a chemical characterization of e-cigarette (e-cig) refill liquids (e-liq). It seems appropriate to encourage the development of reference values or specific action values in order to better manage particularly problematic situations in these environments. In the absence of national references to be used for a comparison, it is possible to use those reported in the legislation of other European countries or, by ad hoc working groups or by analogy, to use other standards such as those relating to ambient air.

Author: Silvia Bonetta
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036506942
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298

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Legionella spp. are ubiquitous microorganisms that are widely distributed in aquatic environments. Water systems of large buildings, such as hospitals, hotels, and rental units are often contaminated by legionellae and various parameters such as physical, chemical, and microbial building water system characteristics can influence Legionella occurrence. A range of physical and chemical disinfection methods have been proposed to control Legionella contamination; however, to date, the most effective procedures have not been defined. There is a need to survey legionellae in water systems to prevent legionellosis. Although the assessment of L. pneumophila in water is typically performed by culture isolation on selective media, it has several limits. For this reason, alternative tools for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of Legionella in water samples have been proposed. In order to increase knowledge on different aspects of Legionella contamination in the water environment, this book gathers research studies related to the occurrence of Legionella in water systems of different environments; the role of different factors that can influence the Legionella contamination, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different methodological approaches.

Author: Paulo Ferrao
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262019361
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 259

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A unified framework for analyzing urban sustainability in terms of cities' inflows and outflows of matter and energy. Urbanization and globalization have shaped the last hundred years. These two dominant trends are mutually reinforcing: globalization links countries through the networked communications of urban hubs. The urban population now generates more than eighty percent of global GDP. Cities account for enormous flows of energy and materials—inflows of goods and services and outflows of waste. Thus urban environmental management critically affects global sustainability. In this book, Paulo Ferrão and John Fernández offer a metabolic perspective on urban sustainability, viewing the city as a metabolism, in terms of its exchanges of matter and energy. Their book provides a roadmap to the strategies and tools needed for a scientifically based framework for analyzing and promoting the sustainability of urban systems. Using the concept of urban metabolism as a unifying framework, Ferrão and Fernandez describe a systems-oriented approach that establishes useful linkages among environmental, economic, social, and technical infrastructure issues. These linkages lead to an integrated information-intensive platform that enables ecologically informed urban planning. After establishing the theoretical background and describing the diversity of contributing disciplines, the authors sample sustainability approaches and tools, offer an extended study of the urban metabolism of Lisbon, and outline the challenges and opportunities in approaching urban sustainability in both developed and developing countries.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309120462
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422

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Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Author: Roland W. Frei
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386

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"The articles published in this book first appeared in the International journal of environmental analytical chemistry, volumes 5 and 6, number 4, and numbers 1 and 3. Some were published in Toxicological and environmental chemistry reviews, volume 2, numbers 3 and 4."

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309047994
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 227

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Since the need to protect ground water from pollution was recognized, researchers have made progress in understanding the vulnerability of ground water to contamination. Yet, there are substantial uncertainties in the vulnerability assessment methods now available. With a wealth of detailed information and practical advice, this volume will help decision-makers derive the most benefit from available assessment techniques. It offers: Three laws of ground water vulnerability. Six case studies of vulnerability assessment. Guidance for selecting vulnerability assessments and using the results. Reviews of the strengths and limitations of assessment methods. Information on available data bases, primarily at the federal level. This book will be indispensable to policymakers and resource managers, environmental professionals, researchers, faculty, and students involved in ground water issues, as well as investigators developing new assessment methods.

Author: Salah Jellali
Publisher: Mdpi AG
ISBN: 9783036519265
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 174

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This book deals with the latest developments regarding urban and industrial wastewaters' adapted treatment with various technologies. It focuses, through valuable publications, on the shifting of the wastewater management paradigm from "treatment and disposal" to "the 4Rs principle: Reduce, Recycle, Reuse, and Recover". The adapted wastewater treatment step will allow (i) the disposal of supplementary water amounts that could be safely reused in order to tackle the water-scarcity problem, and (ii) the preservation of the environment against pollution. Finally, this book will contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and other international related initiatives.

Author: M.A. Champ
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400915071
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 644

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single toxicant before it, yet one that has now been brought under effective control-at least in estuaries and the nearshore environment. The problem with TBT and its cause was first recognized in France, then in the United Kingdom and the United States of America; and in these and other countries legislation is now in place (see Abel, Chapter 2; Champ and Wade, Chapter 3), but in many countries the hazard is only now being identified. This volume has the important function of making available to all a summary of the results of work on TBT and the main conclusions. It will help to minimize the duplication of research and speed the introduction of legislation around the world to control organotin pollution. It is the more valuable because research on TBT has often been published in less accessible journals and symposium proceedings. This volume brings together accounts of these findings by the major contributors to the TBT story, providing the most comprehensive account to date. The TBT problem has proved to be instructive in a number of different ways beyond the bounds of the specific issue (Stebbing, 1985). Most important is that TBT can be seen as a challenge to monitoring systems for nearshore waters, by which it can be judged how effective monitoring has been in fulfilling its purpose, and what improvements should be made. Most instructive was the time it took to bring TBT under control.

Author: Hemen Sarma
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 032385981X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 713

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Emerging Contaminants in the Environment: Challenges and Sustainable Practices covers all aspects of emerging contaminants in the environment, from basic understanding to different types of emerging contaminants and how these threaten organisms, their environmental fate studies, detection methods, and sustainable practices of dealing with contaminants. Emerging contaminant remediation is a pressing need due to the ever-increasing pollution in the environment, and it has gained a lot of scientific and public attention due to its high effectiveness and sustainability. The discussions in the book on the bioremediation of these contaminants are covered from the perspective of proven technologies and practices through case studies and real-world data. One of the main benefits of this book is that it summarizes future challenges and sustainable solutions. It can, therefore, become an effective guide to the elimination (through sustainable practices) of emerging contaminants. At the back of these explorations on sustainable bioremediation of emerging contaminants lies the set of 17 goals articulated by the United Nations in its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all its member states. This book provides academics, researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the detection and elimination of emerging contaminants from the environment, with the latest advances by leading experts in emerging contaminants the field of environmental sciences. Covers most aspects of the most predominant emerging contaminants in the environment, including in soil, air, and water Describes the occurrence of these contaminants, the problems they cause, and the sustainable practices to deal with the contaminants Includes data from case studies to provide real-world examples of sustainable practices and emerging contaminant remediation