Spatio-Temporal Models for Ecologists PDF Download

Author: James Thorson
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1003851835
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 294

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Book Description
Ecological dynamics are tremendously complicated and are studied at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Ecologists often simplify analysis by describing changes in density of individuals across a landscape, and statistical methods are advancing rapidly for studying spatio-temporal dynamics. However, spatio-temporal statistics is often presented using a set of principles that may seem very distant from ecological theory or practice. This book seeks to introduce a minimal set of principles and numerical techniques for spatio-temporal statistics that can be used to implement a wide range of real-world ecological analyses regarding animal movement, population dynamics, community composition, causal attribution, and spatial dynamics. We provide a step-by-step illustration of techniques that combine core spatial-analysis packages in R with low-level computation using Template Model Builder. Techniques are showcased using real-world data from varied ecological systems, providing a toolset for hierarchical modelling of spatio-temporal processes. Spatio-Temporal Models for Ecologists is meant for graduate level students, alongside applied and academic ecologists. Key Features: Foundational ecological principles and analyses Thoughtful and thorough ecological examples Analyses conducted using a minimal toolbox and fast computation Code using R and TMB included in the book and available online

Author: James T. Thorson
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781003410294
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
"Ecological dynamics are tremendously complicated and are studied at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Ecologists often simplify analysis by describing changes in density of individuals across a landscape, and statistical methods are advancing rapidly for studying spatio-temporal dynamics. However, spatio-temporal statistics is often presented using a set of principles that may seem very distant from ecological theory or practice. This book seeks to introduce a minimal set of principles and numerical techniques for spatio-temporal statistics that can be used to implement a wide range of real-world ecological analyses regarding animal movement, population dynamics, community composition, causal attribution, and spatial dynamics. We provide a step-by-step illustration of techniques that combine core spatial-analysis packages in R with low-level computation using Template Model Builder. Techniques are showcased using real-world data from varied ecological systems, providing a toolset for hierarchical modelling of spatio-temporal processes. Spatio-Temporal Models for Ecologists is meant for graduate level students, alongside applied and academic ecologists"--

Author: Pierre Dutilleul
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521791278
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 416

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Book Description
Our living environment continuously changes in space and time. This book explains how to capture and assess these changes through the relevant statistical framework. It is a useful guide to students, teachers and researchers in the fields of biology, ecology and environmental science. Codes on the accompanying CD-ROM aid analyses.

Author: Horst Malchow
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482286130
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 464

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Book Description
Although the spatial dimension of ecosystem dynamics is now widely recognized, the specific mechanisms behind species patterning in space are still poorly understood and the corresponding theoretical framework is underdeveloped. Going beyond the classical Turing scenario of pattern formation, Spatiotemporal Patterns in Ecology and Epidemiology:

Author: Mark R.T. Dale
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 110708931X
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 355

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Book Description
This book clearly describes the many applications of graph theory to ecological questions, providing instruction and encouragement to researchers.

Author: Frithjof Lutscher
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030292940
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 385

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Book Description
This book is the first thorough introduction to and comprehensive treatment of the theory and applications of integrodifference equations in spatial ecology. Integrodifference equations are discrete-time continuous-space dynamical systems describing the spatio-temporal dynamics of one or more populations. The book contains step-by-step model construction, explicitly solvable models, abstract theory and numerical recipes for integrodifference equations. The theory in the book is motivated and illustrated by many examples from conservation biology, biological invasions, pattern formation and other areas. In this way, the book conveys the more general message that bringing mathematical approaches and ecological questions together can generate novel insights into applications and fruitful challenges that spur future theoretical developments. The book is suitable for graduate students and experienced researchers in mathematical ecology alike.

Author: C. Ashton Drew
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441973907
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 319

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Book Description
Most projects in Landscape Ecology, at some point, define a species-habitat association. These models are inherently spatial, dealing with landscapes and their configurations. Whether coding behavioral rules for dispersal of simulated organisms through simulated landscapes, or designing the sampling extent of field surveys and experiments in real landscapes, landscape ecologists must make assumptions about how organisms experience and utilize the landscape. These convenient working postulates allow modelers to project the model in time and space, yet rarely are they explicitly considered. The early years of landscape ecology necessarily focused on the evolution of effective data sources, metrics, and statistical approaches that could truly capture the spatial and temporal patterns and processes of interest. Now that these tools are well established, we reflect on the ecological theories that underpin the assumptions commonly made during species distribution modeling and mapping. This is crucial for applying models to questions of global sustainability. Due to the inherent use of GIS for much of this kind of research, and as several authors’ research involves the production of multicolored map figures, there would be an 8-page color insert. Additional color figures could be made available through a digital archive, or by cost contributions of the chapter authors. Where applicable, would be relevant chapters’ GIS data and model code available through a digital archive. The practice of data and code sharing is becoming standard in GIS studies, is an inherent method of this book, and will serve to add additional research value to the book for both academic and practitioner audiences.

Author: Sahar Zarmehri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
The field of landscape genetics enables the study of infectious disease dynamics by connecting the landscape features with evolutionary changes. Quantifying genetic correlation across space is helpful in providing insight into the rate of spread of an infectious disease. We investigate two genetic patterns in spatially referenced single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): isolation by distance and isolation by resistance. We model the data using a Generalized Linear Mixed effect Model (GLMM) with spatially referenced random effects and provide a novel approach for estimating parameters in spatial GLMMs. In this approach, we use the links between binary probit models and bivariate normal probabilities to directly compute the model-based covariance function for spatial binary data. Parameter estimation is based on minimizing sum of squared distance between the elements of sample covariance and model-based covariance matrices. We analyze Brucella Abortus SNP data from spatially referenced hosts in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). B. abortus is a bacterium which causes Brucellosis in human, wildlife, and livestock. We propose a hierarchical model to describe the transmission of Brucellosis in elk in the GYE. We model the disease spread process using a dynamical stochastic spatiotemporal susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model that captures spatial heterogeneity in dynamics using a conditional autoregressive (CAR) covariance structure in parameter model. To inform spatial rates of transmission, we propose estimating elk movement and migration rates using two different migration/immigration models. Our proposed disease spread process is constrained and we propose a numerical approximation method to find the numerical solution of the constrained process by projection of the numerical solution of unconstrained process. Movement behavior of animal changes over longer time scales. Multistate time series models based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are popular that enable capturing variability in movement behavior while accounting for temporal autocorrelation. Recent studies have found evidence that movement behavior of animals cannot be easily classified into a small number of states. We propose a Bayesian non-parametric mixture model for stochastic differential equation (SDE) animal movement model by adapting a flexible clustering algorithm described as a probit stick-breaking process (PSBP). By clustering the SDE model parameters, we account for time-varying movement behavior. We apply this method to migratory lesser black-backed gulls data. Analyzing their movement behavior provides insights about the migration strategies.

Author: Jordi Bascompte
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 262

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Book Description
Throughout its history, ecology has largely been a descriptive science. Scientists are in need of a theoretical framework that will assist in the understanding of observed patterns, and will serve as a predictive tool. Since ecological systems are dynamic and spatially extended, it is particularly important to understand the processes underlying spatiotemporal patterns. This book reviews one of the newest and most important areas of theoretical ecology: the study of spatiotemporal dynamics by means of a spatially explicit approximation that allows the investigation of the effects of real space.

Author: Robert Fletcher
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030019896
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 523

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Book Description
This book provides a foundation for modern applied ecology. Much of current ecology research and conservation addresses problems across landscapes and regions, focusing on spatial patterns and processes. This book is aimed at teaching fundamental concepts and focuses on learning-by-doing through the use of examples with the software R. It is intended to provide an entry-level, easily accessible foundation for students and practitioners interested in spatial ecology and conservation.