Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Aquatic Ecosystems PDF Download

Author: Thomas O'Keefe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Author: Aditya R. Nayak
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889667693
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338

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Author: Thomas Kiørboe
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691190313
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 228

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The three main missions of any organism--growing, reproducing, and surviving--depend on encounters with food and mates, and on avoiding encounters with predators. Through natural selection, the behavior and ecology of plankton organisms have evolved to optimize these tasks. This book offers a mechanistic approach to the study of ocean ecology by exploring biological interactions in plankton at the individual level. The book focuses on encounter mechanisms, since the pace of life in the ocean intimately relates to the rate at which encounters happen. Thomas Kiørboe examines the life and interactions of plankton organisms with the larger aim of understanding marine pelagic food webs. He looks at plankton ecology and behavior in the context of the organisms' immediate physical and chemical habitats. He shows that the nutrient uptake, feeding rates, motility patterns, signal transmissions, and perception of plankton are all constrained by nonintuitive interactions between organism biology and small-scale physical and chemical characteristics of the three-dimensional fluid environment. Most of the book's chapters consist of a theoretical introduction followed by examples of how the theory might be applied to real-world problems. In the final chapters, mechanistic insights of individual-level processes help to describe broader population dynamics and pelagic food web structure and function.

Author: Gary A. Polis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461570077
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 475

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Reflecting the recent surge of activity in food web research fueled by new empirical data, this authoritative volume successfully spans and integrates the areas of theory, basic empirical research, applications, and resource problems. Written by recognized leaders from various branches of ecological research, this work provides an in-depth treatment of the most recent advances in the field and examines the complexity and variability of food webs through reviews, new research, and syntheses of the major issues in food web research. Food Webs features material on the role of nutrients, detritus and microbes in food webs, indirect effects in food webs, the interaction of productivity and consumption, linking cause and effect in food webs, temporal and spatial scales of food web dynamics, applications of food webs to pest management, fisheries, and ecosystem stress. Three comprehensive chapters synthesize important information on the role of indirect effects, productivity and consumer regulation, and temporal, spatial and life history influences on food webs. In addition, numerous tables, figures, and mathematical equations found nowhere else in related literature are presented in this outstanding work. Food Webs offers researchers and graduate students in various branches of ecology an extensive examination of the subject. Ecologists interested in food webs or community ecology will also find this book an invaluable tool for understanding the current state of knowledge of food web research.

Author: Hong Li
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781138475298
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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In this work, several modelling approaches are explored to represent spatial pattern dynamics of aquatic populations in aquatic ecosystems by the combination of models, knowledge and data in different scales. It is shown that including spatially distributed inputs retrieved from Remote Sensing images, a conventional physically-based Harmful Algal Bloom model can be enhanced. Also, Cellular Automata based models using high resolution photographs prove to be good in representing aquatic plant growth. Multi-Agent Systems can capture well the spatial patterns exhibited in GIS density maps. A synthesis modelling framework was developed to include biological/ecological growth and diffusive processes, and local effects in conventional modelling framework. The results of the complementary modelling paradigms investigated in this research can be of help in achieving a sustainable environmental management strategy.

Author: Lance H. Gunderson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Everglades National Park (Fla.)
Languages : en
Pages : 239

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The Everglades is a unique wetland ecosystem. During this century, the ecosystem has been partitioned for disparate uses of human habitation, agriculture, water conservation and ecosystem conservation in a national park. The sustainability of Everglades National Park is dependent upon upstream water sources. Water management in the Everglades and water deliveries to the Park are linked to human perceptions of ecosystem dynamics. One line of inquiry used expansion of a state-of-the-art computer model to examine the upstream area that once contributed water to the Park. Linkages between vegetation and hydrology were added as vegetation mediation of evapotranspiration and flow and hydrologically induced vegetation changes, but neither addition appreciably improve understanding of hydrodynamics in the Everglades system at the scale of the model. Prior to management, the entire system, south of Lake Okeechobee, contributed flow to Everglades Park except during dry years. Since the onset of intensive water management, an equivalent area of only about one-third of the historic drainage basin has supplied water into the Park. But these conclusions are dependent upon the assumptions made to represent the system at a specific spatial-temporal scale in a model. At other scales the conclusions could well be different. That led to the second major topic of this thesis; that of cross-scale structure and dynamics. A cross-scale mode of inquiry suggests that ecosystems exhibit discontinuities in spatial structures and temporal patterns across time and space due to the interaction of key processes operating over different scale ranges. Spatial patterns in the topography, vegetation and fire data sets exhibited scale regions of self-similarity separated by distinct breaks. Temporal patterns of rainfall, stage, flow, evaporation and sea-level exhibited multiple cycles. These analyses support the theory that ecosystems are structured around a few keystone variables of mixed spatial and temporal dimensions. Dramatic discontinuities appear in patterns as a result of the interactions of processes operating at different space and time domains. This emerging viewpoint of ecosystem structure and dynamics will hopefully provide a basis for new understanding and hence improved management of this unique ecosystem.

Author: Gérard Balvay
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401102937
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 439

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Proceedings of the Second International Congress of Limnology and Oceanography held in Evian, May 25--28, 1993

Author: Young-Seuk Park
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036500502
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 110

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Book Description
Food webs describe the structure of communities and their energy flows, and they represent interactions between species in ecosystems. Recently, we have witnessed rapid development of techniques for both experimental studies and theoretical/computational studies on food webs as well as species interactions. This reprint book is focused on food chains and food webs in aquatic ecosystems, with seven papers published in the corresponding Special Issue of Applied Sciences. The topics include empirical studies on food chains and food webs as well as effects of environmental factors on organisms in aquatic ecosystems.

Author: Committee on Inland Aquatic Ecosystems
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309588995
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 400

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Book Description
To fulfill its commitment to clean water, the United States depends on limnology, a multidisciplinary science that seeks to understand the behavior of freshwater bodies by integrating aspects of all basic sciences--from chemistry and fluid mechanics to botany, ichthyology, and microbiology. Now, prominent limnologists are concerned about this important field, citing the lack of adequate educational programs and other issues. Freshwater Ecosystems responds with recommendations for strengthening the field and ensuring the readiness of the next generation of practitioners. Highlighted with case studies, this book explores limnology's place in the university structure and the need for curriculum reform, with concrete suggestions for curricula and field research at the undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral levels. The volume examines the wide-ranging career opportunities for limnologists and recommends strategies for integrating limnology more fully into water resource decision management. Freshwater Ecosystems tells the story of limnology and its most prominent practitioners and examines the current strengths and weaknesses of the field. The committee discusses how limnology can contribute to appropriate policies for industrial waste, wetlands destruction, the release of greenhouse gases, extensive damming of rivers, the zebra mussel and other "invasions" of species-- the broad spectrum of problems that threaten the nation's freshwater supply. Freshwater Ecosystems provides the foundation for improving a field whose importance will continue to increase as human populations grow and place even greater demands on freshwater resources. This volume will be of value to administrators of university and government science programs, faculty and students in aquatic science, aquatic resource managers, and clean-water advocates--and it is readily accessible to the concerned individual.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309072786
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 161

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Since the dawn of medical science, people have recognized connections between a change in the weather and the appearance of epidemic disease. With today's technology, some hope that it will be possible to build models for predicting the emergence and spread of many infectious diseases based on climate and weather forecasts. However, separating the effects of climate from other effects presents a tremendous scientific challenge. Can we use climate and weather forecasts to predict infectious disease outbreaks? Can the field of public health advance from "surveillance and response" to "prediction and prevention?" And perhaps the most important question of all: Can we predict how global warming will affect the emergence and transmission of infectious disease agents around the world? Under the Weather evaluates our current understanding of the linkages among climate, ecosystems, and infectious disease; it then goes a step further and outlines the research needed to improve our understanding of these linkages. The book also examines the potential for using climate forecasts and ecological observations to help predict infectious disease outbreaks, identifies the necessary components for an epidemic early warning system, and reviews lessons learned from the use of climate forecasts in other realms of human activity.