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Author: Wei Yang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Purpose - The New Zealand (NZ) dairy industry faces the challenge of increasing productivity and dealing with public concerns over nutrient pollution. The effective policy needs to address regional differences in productivity and fertilizer use. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how spatial effects influence the relationship between dairy yields and intensive farming practices across regions in NZ.Design/methodology/approach - This paper employs spatial panel data models to establish whether unobserved spatial effects exist in the relationship between dairy yields and nutrient inputs regionally and nationally using 2002, 2007 and 2012 data from Statistics NZ and DairyNZ.Findings - The results show positive spatial spillovers for most intensive inputs. The high level of effluent use and estimated negative yield response to nitrogen suggests that an opportunity exists for greater use of effluent as a substitute for nitrogenous fertilizer. Substitution has the potential to reduce dependence on fertilizer and contribute to a reduction in the nutrient pollution.Originality/value - This paper is the first empirical application of spatial econometric methods to examine the spatial relevance of dairy yields and intensive farming in NZ. In particular, the spatial panel data model accounts for cross-sectional dependence and controls for heterogeneity. The results contribute to an understanding of how farmers can improve their management of intensive inputs and contribute to the formation of regional environmental policy that recognizes regional heterogeneity.
Author: Wei Yang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Purpose - The New Zealand (NZ) dairy industry faces the challenge of increasing productivity and dealing with public concerns over nutrient pollution. The effective policy needs to address regional differences in productivity and fertilizer use. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how spatial effects influence the relationship between dairy yields and intensive farming practices across regions in NZ.Design/methodology/approach - This paper employs spatial panel data models to establish whether unobserved spatial effects exist in the relationship between dairy yields and nutrient inputs regionally and nationally using 2002, 2007 and 2012 data from Statistics NZ and DairyNZ.Findings - The results show positive spatial spillovers for most intensive inputs. The high level of effluent use and estimated negative yield response to nitrogen suggests that an opportunity exists for greater use of effluent as a substitute for nitrogenous fertilizer. Substitution has the potential to reduce dependence on fertilizer and contribute to a reduction in the nutrient pollution.Originality/value - This paper is the first empirical application of spatial econometric methods to examine the spatial relevance of dairy yields and intensive farming in NZ. In particular, the spatial panel data model accounts for cross-sectional dependence and controls for heterogeneity. The results contribute to an understanding of how farmers can improve their management of intensive inputs and contribute to the formation of regional environmental policy that recognizes regional heterogeneity.
Author: Wei Yang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Dairy farming Languages : en Pages : 176
Book Description
This Ph.D. thesis consists of three essays on the sustainable development of the New Zealand dairy industry. The first essay focuses on the relationship between dairy yields and intensive inputs. The second and third essays are concerned with farm-level management practices on nutrient pollution, the interactions between farmers, and the impact of farmer choice on the environment. Spatial spillover effects, which are considered as important issues at either the regional level or farm-level decision-making, are addressed in all three essays. As the New Zealand dairy industry faces the challenge of increasing productivity and dealing with public concerns over nutrient pollution, effective policy needs to address regional dependency and differences in productivity and fertiliser use. The first essay employs spatial panel data models to establish whether unobserved spatial effects exist and investigate how spatial effects influence the relationship between dairy yields and intensive farming inputs across regions. Results show positive spatial spillovers for most intensive inputs. The high level of effluent use and estimated negative yield response to nitrogen suggests that an opportunity exists for the greater use of effluent as a substitute for nitrogen fertiliser. Substitution has the potential to reduce dependence on fertilisers and contribute to a reduction in nutrient pollution. The second essay analyses spatial dependence in the adoption of best management practices (BMPs) to protect water quality. Bayesian spatial Durbin probit models are applied to survey data collected from dairy farmers in the Waikato Region of New Zealand. Results show that farmers located in close proximity to each other exhibit similar choice behaviour, indicating that access to industry information is an influential determinant of dairy farmers’ adoption of BMPs. In addition, these findings address the importance of farmer interactions in adoption decisions because participation in dairy-related activities is identified as an extension of information acquisition. Financial problems are one of the biggest obstacles for farmers to adopt BMPs. Overall, the second essay highlights the importance of considering spatial interaction effects in farmers’ decisions, which is important to the formulation of agri-environmental policy. The third essay investigates how dairy farmers’ social interactions influence the relationship between their environmental performance and nutrient management practices (NMPs). Spatial Durbin error models are employed to analyse farm-level sample data in the Waikato region of New Zealand. Social interactions are modelled by a spatial weights matrix and an adjacent weights matrix. Results show that dairy farmers’ environmental performance is positively influenced by geographically close farmers’ and socially close farmers’ NMPs, such as wintering off cows and increasing the frequency of soil tests. Results also indicate that encouraging the farmer-to-farmer communication improves dairy farmers’ environmental performance.
Author: Nan Jiang Publisher: ISBN: Category : Agricultural pollution Languages : en Pages : 388
Book Description
The dairy industry is one of the most important and influential agricultural sector in New Zealand. Ensuring and enhancing the industry's productivity and efficiency represent a fundamental issue in New Zealand economic growth. September 2007, the NZ Labour Government proposed an Emission Trading Scheme as a way to comply with its Kyoto obligation, and it is the first country in the world that brings agricultural sector in. Given the emission intensive nature of dairy production, the industry is facing substantial increases in production costs and reduction in payout. The efficiency performance of dairy farming might also be affected as a result of changing farming practices. The overall objective of the thesis is to analyze the efficiency performance of NZ dairy farming, with implications regarding the climate change issue. Stochastic frontier analysis is applied to a panel of NZ dairy farms in 1998/99-2006/07. The structures of the existing production technology, technological change over time, and difference between South Island and North Island dairy farming are investigated within this stochastic frontier framework. An input efficiency measure is defined and evaluated at the expected cost minimizing input bundle. If the efficiency performance for emission intensive inputs could be improved, dairy farms will decrease their emissions without loss of production or additional costs. This input efficiency measure therefore allows for the combination of a farm's environmental pressure with its economic performance. Finally, the likely impacts of the ETS on dairy industry are discussed through an analysis regarding the point of obligation issue, and an illustration of changing farming practices when fertilizer price goes up as a result of emission charges.
Author: Dr. Robert C. Worstell Publisher: Lulu.com ISBN: 1312832843 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 503
Book Description
SIMPLE questions often help us to understand problems better; and I think it indispensable, at the beginning of this work, to ask a question which appears simple in the extreme: "What is grazing?" The answer is generally as follows: "Causing grass to be eaten by an animal." That is correct! But here is another answer which, to my mind, is more realistic: "Causing the grass and the animal to meet." Since this book is almost exclusively concerned with grazing by cattle, I propose the following definition to the reader, requesting him to allow it to become well impressed upon his mind: Grazing is the meeting of cow and grass. It is by satisfying as far as possible the demands of both parties that we will arrive at a rational grazing, which will provide us with maximum productivity on the part of the grass while at the same time allowing the cow to give optimum performance. [From the Introduction]
Author: Wei Yang
Author: Wei Yang
Author: Wei Yang
Author: Nan Jiang
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Author: Henning Steinfeld
Author: New Zealand Society of Animal Production. Annual Conference
Author: Caroline Saunders
Author: Dr. Robert C. Worstell