South-North Migration and Trade PDF Download

Author: Maurice W. Schiff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Emigration and immigration
Languages : en
Pages : 62

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Author: Maurice Schiff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Comercio internacional - Norte-sur
Languages : en
Pages : 55

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Emigration and immigration
Languages : en
Pages : 65

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Author: Maurice Schiff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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December 1996 Can trade liberalization be used to deter South-North immigration? Is trade a substitute for migration? Not necessarily. Assuming that migration generates externalities, the South should liberalize trade, while the North should impose an (optimal) immigration tax. Before 1973, the labor market in Europe was tight and immigration from the South (chiefly North Africa and Southern Europe) was encouraged. But with the slowdown in growth in the mid-1970s, the rise in unemployment, and increased economic uncertainty, immigration came to be viewed as a burden by the destination countries. The demand for migration fell, but the supply did not. As US and EU opposition to immigration has increased, some have proposed using trade policy to deal with immigration - for example, opening their markets to exports from countries in the South and East in the hope that countries that export more goods will export fewer people. The assumption in such proposals is that trade liberalization will reduce migration - that trade is a substitute for migration. Using both one-sector and two-sector models, Schiff examines the relationship between trade and migration, as well as the welfare implications of different trade and migration policies for both sending and receiving countries. The results are ambiguous. Is trade a substitute for migration? Opening markets in the North and providing foreign investment and foreign aid to the sending countries is more likely to slow down migration from Eastern Europe to the European Union than from Africa to the European Union or from Latin America to the United States. It may also worsen the skill composition of migration from Africa to the European Union and from Latin America to the United States. Assuming migration externalities are not internalized, all groups are worse off under free migration than they are when migration is restricted. All groups lose from imposing a tariff in the South or in the North. And all groups lose from a decrease in migration costs because income in the South is not affected by migration (in one model), but social capital in the South falls, so those left behind lose. Two results hold irrespective of the degree of internalization of the migration externalities: the South gains from trade liberalization in either the North or the South, and the North gains from imposing an immigration tax. The policy implications are clear: the South should liberalize trade, while the North should impose an (optimal) immigration tax. This paper - a product of the International Trade Division, International Economics Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to study the relationship between trade and migration.

Author: Dilip Ratha
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821370731
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 70

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"South-South Migration and Remittances" reports on preliminary results from an ongoing effort to improve data on bilateral migration stocks. It sets out some working hypotheses on the determinants and socioeconomic implications of South-South migration. Contrary to popular perception that migration is mostly a South-North phenomenon, South-South migration is large. Available data from national censuses suggest that nearly half of the migrants from developing countries reside in other developing countries. Almost 80 percent of South-South migration takes place between countries with contiguous borders. Estimates of South-South remittances range from 9 to 30 percent of developing countries' remittance receipts in 2005. Although the impact of South-South migration on the income of migrants and natives is smaller than for South-North migration, small increases in income can have substantial welfare implications for the poor. The costs of South-South remittances are even higher than those of North-South remittances. These findings suggest that policymakers should pay attention to the complex challenges that developing countries face not only as countries of origin, but also as countries of destination.

Author: Robin Cohen
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521444057
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592

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This extensive survey of migration in the modern world begins in the sixteenth century with the establishment of European colonies overseas, and covers the history of migration to the late twentieth century, when global communications and transport systems stimulated immense and complex flows of labour migrants and skilled professionals. In ninety-five contributions, leading scholars from twenty-seven different countries consider a wide variety of issues including migration patterns, the flights of refugees and illegal migration. Each entry is a substantive essay, supported by up-to-date bibliographies, tables, plates, maps and figures. As the most wide-ranging coverage of migration in a single volume, The Cambridge Survey of World Migration will be an indispensable reference tool for scholars and students in the field.

Author: Aurelia Segatti
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821387685
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 207

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This volume examines international migration policies and practices in post-apartheid South Africa. It consides both regional and highly localised impacts, the historical experience of migration policy-making and the roots of contemporary policy dilemmas as well as the question of skilled labor.

Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464812829
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 407

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Migration presents a stark policy dilemma. Research repeatedly confirms that migrants, their families back home, and the countries that welcome them experience large economic and social gains. Easing immigration restrictions is one of the most effective tools for ending poverty and sharing prosperity across the globe. Yet, we see widespread opposition in destination countries, where migrants are depicted as the primary cause of many of their economic problems, from high unemployment to declining social services. Moving for Prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets addresses this dilemma. In addition to providing comprehensive data and empirical analysis of migration patterns and their impact, the report argues for a series of policies that work with, rather than against, labor market forces. Policy makers should aim to ease short-run dislocations and adjustment costs so that the substantial long-term benefits are shared more evenly. Only then can we avoid draconian migration restrictions that will hurt everybody. Moving for Prosperity aims to inform and stimulate policy debate, facilitate further research, and identify prominent knowledge gaps. It demonstrates why existing income gaps, demographic differences, and rapidly declining transportation costs mean that global mobility will continue to be a key feature of our lives for generations to come. Its audience includes anyone interested in one of the most controversial policy debates of our time.

Author: Dilip Ratha
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 146480320X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 299

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Remittances remain a key source of funds for developing countries, far exceeding official development assistance and even foreign direct investment. Remittances have proved to be more stable than private debt and portfolio equity flows, and less volatile than official aid flows, and their annual flow can match or surpass foreign exchange reserves in many small countries. Even in large emerging markets, such as India, remittances are equivalent to at least a quarter of total foreign exchange reserves. India, China, Philippines and Mexico are the top recipients of migrant remittances. The Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016 attempts to present numbers and facts behind the stories of international migration and remittances, drawing on authoritative, publicly available data. It provides a snapshot of statistics on immigration, emigration, skilled emigration, and remittance flows for 210 countries and 15 regional and income groups. The Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016 updates the 2011 edition of the Factbook with additional data on bilateral migration and remittances and second generation diasporas, collected from various sources, including national censuses, labor force surveys, population registers, and other national sources.

Author: Robert E. Baldwin
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226036553
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 560

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People passionately disagree about the nature of the globalization process. The failure of both the 1999 and 2003 World Trade Organization's (WTO) ministerial conferences in Seattle and Cancun, respectively, have highlighted the tensions among official, international organizations like the WTO, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, nongovernmental and private sector organizations, and some developing country governments. These tensions are commonly attributed to longstanding disagreements over such issues as labor rights, environmental standards, and tariff-cutting rules. In addition, developing countries are increasingly resentful of the burdens of adjustment placed on them that they argue are not matched by commensurate commitments from developed countries. Challenges to Globalization evaluates the arguments of pro-globalists and anti-globalists regarding issues such as globalization's relationship to democracy, its impact on the environment and on labor markets including the brain drain, sweat shop labor, wage levels, and changes in production processes, and the associated expansion of trade and its effects on prices. Baldwin, Winters, and the contributors to this volume look at multinational firms, foreign investment, and mergers and acquisitions and present surprising findings that often run counter to the claim that multinational firms primarily seek countries with low wage labor. The book closes with papers on financial opening and on the relationship between international economic policies and national economic growth rates.