Sound Processing in the Auditory Cortex of Rats During Sensory Decision-Making PDF Download

Author: Elena Gronskaya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Daryl Ebling Doan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 182

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Author: Thomas D. Wickens
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780195357806
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Signal detection theory, as developed in electrical engineering and based on statistical decision theory, was first applied to human sensory discrimination about 40 years ago. The theory's intent was to explain how humans discriminate and how we might use reliable measures to quantify this ability. An interesting finding of this work is that decisions are involved even in the simplest of discrimination tasks--say, determining whether or not a sound has been heard (a yes-no decision). Detection theory has been applied to a host of varied problems (for example, measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems, survey research, reliability of lie detection tests) and extends far beyond the detection of signals. This book is a primer on signal detection theory, useful for both undergraduates and graduate students.

Author: Jeffery A. Winer
Publisher: Springer
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 120

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Author: Liad Hollender
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Auditory perception
Languages : en
Pages : 132

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The correct interpretation of natural sounds, such as language, depends on an individual's ability to perform rapid auditory processing (RAP) - processing of auditory stimuli that occurs on a time scale of tens of milliseconds. Indeed, individuals who exhibit deficits in RAP also demonstrate impairments in the acquisition of normal language skills. Interestingly, auditory training that is designed to engage the attention of the subject can ameliorate these deficits. Even though the physiological basis of the improvement in language skills in these individuals is currently unknown, one possible correlate could be changes in brain state that occur through training. Indeed, changes in brain state have been shown to influence neuronal responsiveness to sensory stimuli. In addition, changes in the level in alertness, or attention, are associated with changes in the degree of cortical activation. In this thesis, I explored the relationship between brain state and RAP by recording the simultaneous responses of large neuronal populations in the rat auditory cortex to temporally structured auditory stimuli. I systematically quantified the magnitude of evoked responses across different brain states, both under anesthesia and during wakefulness, and assessed the efficiency of RAP by estimating how well the type of sensory stimulus could be predicted from the population activity. First, RAP was assessed during the inactivated state. Surprisingly, even though response amplitude varies systematically with the phase of the slow oscillation, the efficiency of RAP does not. Second, RAP was examined across the different global activated and inactivated states observed under urethane anesthesia. This showed that RAP is overall more efficient in the activated state because of the ability of auditory populations to strongly respond to temporally structured stimuli. Finally, the effect of changes in the instantaneous level of activation during wakefulness on RAP was studied in chronically implanted rats, again showing that the efficiency in the processing of temporally structured stimuli increases with the level of cortical activation. Together, these results establish a significant link between cortical activation and RAP performance. This suggests that improvement in language ability after training in humans might reflect an increased ability to produce cortical activation when required.

Author: Jeffery A. Winer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387270833
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 720

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Connecting the auditory brain stem to sensory, motor, and limbic systems, the inferior colliculus is a critical midbrain station for auditory processing. Winer and Schreiner's The Inferior Colliculus, a critical, comprehensive reference, presents the current knowledge of the inferior colliculus from a variety of perspectives, including anatomical, physiological, developmental, neurochemical, biophysical, neuroethological and clinical vantage points. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book is an ideal introduction to the inferior colliculus and central auditory processing for clinicians, otolaryngologists, graduate and postgraduate research workers in the auditory and other sensory-motor systems.

Author: Jeffery A. Winer
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441900748
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 711

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Book Description
There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.

Author: Ryan James Morrill
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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To enable flexible behavior, the brain utilizes signals from across the sensory modalities, merging some streams while filtering out others in a context-dependent manner. These processes occur at many levels in the sensory hierarchy, but the cerebral cortex appears to play a prominent role in enabling dynamic use of crossmodal sensory information. This dissertation explores the interactions of auditory and visual sensory processing in the auditory cortex (ACtx) of the awake mouse using two experimental approaches. First, the influence of visual stimuli on neural firing in ACtx is investigated using multisite probes to sample activity across cortical layers. Visual stimuli elicit spiking responses in both primary and secondary ACtx. Through fluorescent dye electrode track tracing and optogenetic identification using layer-specific markers, these responses are revealed to be largely restricted to infragranular layers and particularly prominent in layer 6. Presentation of drifting visual gratings show that responses are not orientation-tuned, unlike visual cortex responses. The deepest cortical layers thus appear to be an important locus for crossmodal integration in ACtx. Second, to test the influence of modality-specific attention on ACtx stimulus processing, a novel audiovisual (AV) go/no-go rule-switching task for mice is presented. Translaminar ACtx extracellular recordings from mice performing the task show that attentional state modulates responses to AV stimuli. On average, single-unit firing rates (FRs) in deep and middle cortex are reduced during auditory attention in response to task-relevant stimuli, although a smaller population of units increases FRs. Pre-stimulus activity also decreases when behavior is guided by the auditory rule and appears to account for much of the change in stimulus-evoked activity. This general reduction in activity does not impair decoding with a PSTH-based pattern classifier, but instead increases mutual information encoding efficiency in the deep, putatively-excitatory neurons. Analysis of spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) nonlinearities calculated from stimuli delivered between behavioral trials suggests that attending to sound increases the selectivity of neurons for STRF-defined sound features. These results suggest that modality-specific attention can act on ACtx in through rapid, context-dependent shifts in activity level as well as information processing.

Author: Olga Natalia Lapies
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Perceptual decision-making, in recent decades, has become one of the central topics in neuroscience. Combining behaviour with techniques for neural activity monitoring and modulation allows to study structures and mechanisms involved in the process. Elucidating its elements and functional connectivity will not only deepen our knowledge of this matter but also provide with information essential to answer more complex questions related to mechanisms guiding our perception of the world. The view on this topic has also been remodelled in recent years switching from seeing the brain as an observer of events to an active analyst.In the past various studies were carried out on the topic of perceptual decision making, basing mainly on visual paradigms in humans and non-human primates.Thanks to developments in technology, genetics and behavioural paradigms, studies in rodents spanning through different sensory modalities are more readily implemented allowing for more in-depth analysis.In this thesis I developed and used auditory-based detection task to study perceptual decision-making on the example of temporal expectations in mice. Further, I combined this paradigm with chemogenetics to examine the results of modulation of activity in auditory cortex on sound detection in behaviour task. Finally, during electrophysiological recordings from auditory cortex, I looked at effects of modulation of neural activity using chemogenetics. These acute experiments were performed in anaesthetized mice.The results have proven that mice model is a highly useful tool in the study of perceptual decision-making, allowing for combination of behavioural task with neural activity monitoring and modulation. In the behavioural task the influence of foreperiod duration on reaction time was not confirmed but a correlation between foreperiod presentation ratio and reaction time was observed.. Implementation of chemogenetics in behavioural paradigm influenced hit rate and reaction time dynamics only for some of the higher sound intensities, therefore not providing confirmation of effect of used technique on behaviour. In electrophysiological recordings, statistically significant changes in levels of neural activity after activation of chemogenetics were reported for both sound- evoked and no-sound related activity in auditory cortex. Altogether, the obtained results do not provide confirmation of presented research theses which presumed the importance of auditory cortex for perceptual decision-making. However, due to the complexity of the matter in question, further studies are needed.

Author: Jerry J. Buccafusco
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420041819
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 341

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Book Description
Using the most well-studied behavioral analyses of animal subjects to promote a better understanding of the effects of disease and the effects of new therapeutic treatments on human cognition, Methods of Behavior Analysis in Neuroscience provides a reference manual for molecular and cellular research scientists in both academia and the pharmaceutic