Some Radiochemical Studies of Radium and of the Fission of Uranium PDF Download

Author: G. B. Cook
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Charles Du Bois Coryell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 556

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Author: J. P. Adloff
Publisher: De Gruyter Oldenbourg
ISBN: 9783486642520
Category : Radioactivity
Languages : en
Pages : 412

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From Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's search for new kinds of radiation resulted the discovery of the natural radioactivity of uranium by Antoine Henry Becquerel in 1896. This event opened a new era of science that can be considered as the beginning of nuclear sciences. The findings of Pierre and Marie Curie of radium and polonium as useful radiation source subsequently opened the way to the first applications of radiation in medicine. Over the decades and still today radiation has found broad applications in many fields of science and technology. Not only chemistry, physics, biochemistry and medicine are using relevant applications of radioactivity. Biochemistry, agriculture, cosmo- and geochemistry, archaeology, geology also are fields where radiochemistry still is gaining importance. This book gives a survey about the history and modern aspects of radioactivity, new synthetic elements, and applications of radioactivity.

Author: Gerhart Friedlander
Publisher: Munshi Press
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 436

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Introduction to Radiochemistry BY Gerharf Friedlander. PREFACE: An increasing number of universities are offering courses in radioactivity for chemists. Very likely many teachers and stu dents in these courses feel as we do that there has been no suitable textbook for this purpose. There is the very excellent Manual of Radioactivity by G. Hevesy and F. A. Paneth however, advances in the science since its last edition, in 1938, have been more than any authors should have to expect in one decade. Moreover, no recent book on the subject has been written specifically for chem ists. We have tried to prepare a textbook for an introductory course in the broad field of radiochemistry, at the graduate or senior undergraduate level, taking into account the degree of pre vious preparation in physics ordinarily possessed by chemistry students at that level. We would like to offer definitions of terms, including radio chemistry, nuclear chemistry, tracer chemistry, and radiation chemistry that are heard increasingly today. Unfortunately, the meanings of some of these vary from laboratory to laboratory, and they are hardly used concisely at all. By one group nuclear chem istry is used to mean all applications of chemistry and nuclear physics to each other including stable-isotope applications . How ever, to our minds nuclear chemistry emphasizes the reactions of nuclei and the properties of resulting nuclear species, just as organic chemistry is concerned with reactions and properties of organic compounds. We think of tracer chemistry as the field of chemical studies made with the use of isotopic tracers, including studies of the essentially pure tracers at extremely low concen trations. In the title of this book we have meant the term radio chemistry to include all the fields just described, but to exclude stable-isotope tracer applications. Radiation chemistry, which is not discussed in this text, deals with the chemical effects produced by nuclear and other like radiations, and although it involves some of the phenomena of radiochemistry it is really closely related to photochemistry. Some comments on the order in which the subject matter is presented are perhaps appropriate. We believe that the sequence of chapters after chapter VI is the logical one the order of presen tation of the material of the first five chapters is much more nearly a matter of individual choice. Our plan, which we have found quite teachable, is to use the historical background as a brief introduction to the concepts and terminology this makes the going much easier in the succeeding topics. Chapter V actually follows logically after chapter I, and nothing in the arrangement of the material prevents its introduction there if preferred, but we feel that it is more effective first to present further descriptive information about atomic nuclei and nuclear reactions than to confront the student at this point with the quantitative treatment of growth and decay processes. The development of the subject matter in this book has grown out of an introductory course in radiochemistry, first given in the informal Los Alamos University in the latter part of 1945 by the authors principally G. F. with the help of Drs. R. W. Dodson and A. C. Wahl, and offered each year since in the Department of Chemistry at Washington University, St. Louis, by one of us J. W. K....

Author: Gregory Choppin
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0750674636
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 726

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Origin of Nuclear Science; Nuclei, Isotopes and Isotope Separation; Nuclear Mass and Stability; Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay; Radionuclides in Nature; Absorption of Nuclear Radiation; Radiation Effects on Matter; Detection and Measurement Techniques; Uses of Radioactive Tracers; Cosmic Radiation and Elementary Particles; Nuclear Structure; Energetics of Nuclear Reactions; Particle Accelerators; Mechanics and Models of Nuclear Reactions; Production of Radionuclides; The Transuranium Elements; Thermonuclear Reactions: the Beginning and the Future; Radiation Biology and Radiation Protection; Principles of Nuclear Power; Nuclear Power Reactors; Nuclear Fuel Cycle; Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment; Appendices; Solvent Extraction Separations; Answers to Exercises; Isotope Chart; Periodic Table of the Elements; Quantities and Units; Fundamental Constants; Energy Conversion Factors; Element and Nuclide Index; Subject Index.

Author: Charles Du Bois Coryell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fission products
Languages : en
Pages : 19

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Author: Ernest Rutherford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive substances
Languages : en
Pages : 730

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Author: Charles Du Bois Coryell
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780598966261
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 516

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309062977
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293

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Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.