Some Chemicals that Cause Tumours of the Kidney Or Urinary Bladder in Rodents and Some Other Substances PDF Download

Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 696

View

Book Description
Allyl isothiocyanate; ortho-Anisidine; Atrazine; Butyl benzyl phthalate; Chloroform; Chlorothalonil;Cyclamates;Dichlorobenzenes;Hexachlorobutadiene; Hexachloroethane; d-Limonene; Melamine; Methyl tert-butyl ether; Nitrilotriaceticacid andits salts;Paracetamol; ortho-Phenylphenol and its sodium salt; Potassium bromate ;Quercetin; Saccharin and its salts;Simazine

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic book
Languages : en
Pages :

View

Book Description
Annotation Evaluates the carcinogenic risk to humans posed by 20 individual compounds and three groups of compounds (cyclamates, saccharin and its salts, and nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts) that are known to induce tumours of the kidney or urinary bladder in rodents. As data on cancer in humans were judged inadequate for all compounds and groups of compounds, the evaluations draw on recent guidelines for determining whether the mechanisms by which a chemical exerts its carcinogenic effects in rodents are relevant to humans. Evaluations also draw on findings from studies of metabolic fate, toxic effects, reproductive and developmental effects, and genetic and related effects. Some of the compounds covered in the volume are widely used as chemical intermediates, pesticides, artificial sweeteners, and food additives. The volume also includes evaluations of the analgesic and antipyretic, paracetamol, and several naturally occurring substances in food. All but two of the compounds (meta-dichlorobenzene and methyl tert-butyl ether) were evaluated in previous IARC Monographs. Re-evaluations were made in the light of both new studies of the compounds and a growing body of evidence concerning certain pathological processes that lead to tumour development in the kidney and urinary bladder of rats exposed to some chemicals. Eight compounds were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans: ortho-anisidine, chloroform, chlorothalonil, para-dichlorobenzene, hexachloroethane, nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts, sodium ortho-phenylphenate, and potassium bromate. The remaining substances could not be classified on the basis of available data.

Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genitourinary organs
Languages : en
Pages : 683

View

Book Description

Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 674

View

Book Description

Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728

View

Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309175712
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 433

View

Book Description
Despite increasing knowledge of human nutrition, the dietary contribution to cancer remains a troubling question. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens assembles the best available information on the magnitude of potential cancer riskâ€"and potential anticarcinogenic effectâ€"from naturally occurring chemicals compared with risk from synthetic chemical constituents. The committee draws important conclusions about diet and cancer, including the carcinogenic role of excess calories and fat, the anticarcinogenic benefit of fiber and other substances, and the impact of food additive regulation. The book offers recommendations for epidemiological and diet research. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens provides a readable overview of issues and addresses critical questions: Does diet contribute to an appreciable proportion of human cancer? Are there significant interactions between carcinogens and anticarcinogens in the diet? The volume discusses the mechanisms of carcinogenic and anticarcinogenic properties and considers whether techniques used to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of synthetics can be used with naturally occurring chemicals. The committee provides criteria for prioritizing the vast number of substances that need to be tested. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens clarifies the issues and sets the direction for further investigations into diet and cancer. This volume will be of interest to anyone involved in food and health issues: policymakers, regulators, researchers, nutrition professionals, and health advocates.

Author: Trevor M. Penning
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1617379956
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 447

View

Book Description
This volume will provide a contemporary account of advances in chemical carcinogenesis. It will promote the view that it is chemical alteration of the DNA that is a route cause of many cancers. The multi-stage model of chemical carcinogenesis, exposure to major classes of human carcinogens and their mode-of-action will be a focal point. The balance between metabolic activation to form biological reactive intermediates and their detoxification, ensuing DNA-lesions and their repair will be profiled. It will describe the chemical changes that occur in DNA that result from endogenous insults including epigenetic changes that lead to gene silencing. It will describe major mechanisms of mutagenesis, affects on tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes, and how cell-cycle check points can be by-passed by the "stealth-like" properties of chemical carcinogens. Environmental agents that can promote tumor formation will be discussed. The monograph will have wide appeal as a knowledge base for graduate students, post-doctoral fellows and faculty interested in this aspect of cancer causation and research.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Toluene
Languages : en
Pages : 366

View

Book Description

Author: Charles C. Capen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 244

View

Book Description
In November 1997, an expert group was convened to discuss available knowledge on the epidemiology, pathology and mechanisms related to certain tumors that are commonly seen in essays for carcinogenicity in rodents in order that their importance in human hazard evaluation might be assessed. The tumors of interest were urinary bladder carcinomas associated with urolithiasis, microcrystalluria and certain urinary precipitates; renal corticol tumors in male rats associated with alpha-2 urinary globulin nephropathy; and thyroid follicular cell tumors associated with imbalances in thyroid stimulating hormone. Included in the book are a series of individually authored papers on these various topics, as well as a Concensus Report including consideration of how such data may be used within the evalation process in the IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic risks to Humans.

Author: International Agency for Research on Cancer
Publisher: International Agency for Research on Cancer
ISBN: 9789283201571
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 0

View

Book Description
This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of: melamine, a chemical that is used to make plastic materials, including coatings, filters, adhesives, and kitchenware, and that has also been used illegally to adulterate foods and animal feeds; 1-tert-butoxypropan-2-ol, a solvent that is used as a substitute for other glycol ethers and in various consumer products; myrcene, which is found in a wide variety of plants and is used mainly as a raw material in the manufacture of chemicals such as menthol but also as a fragrance and flavoring substance; furfuryl alcohol, a chemical that is used as a solvent and in the production of furan resins and wetting agents, and that can also be formed in coffee and food during roasting, baking, or deep-frying; pyridine, a chemical that is used as a solvent or intermediate in the manufacture of pesticides, flavoring agents, vitamins, drugs, and dyes, and is also found in cigarette smoke; tetrahydrofuran, a chemical that is used as a solvent in plastics, dyes, elastomers, and glues, and is also used in the synthesis of motor fuels and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals; and vinylidene chloride, a chemical that is used mainly in the production of copolymers for the manufacture of films for food packaging. Exposure to all seven agents considered may occur in different occupational settings as well as in the general population. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of environmental or occupational exposure to these agents.