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Author: Peter Arlien-Soborg Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849362347 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
Solvent Neurotoxicity presents a comprehensive summary of the latest information available regarding acute and chronic neurotoxicity of a number of solvents. Ten solvents (Chloromethane; Dichloromethane; N-Hexane; Methyl Ethyl Ketone; Methyln N-Butyl Ketone; Styrene; Toluene; 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene, and Xylene) and two mixtures of solvents (White Spirit, Mixed solvent exposure) have been selected based on their widespread use, as well as the mounting evidence from research concerning the neurotoxicity of these particular solvents. Evidence is presented from animal and human experiments, clinical observations, and epidemiological studies. The various methods used to establish a neurological diagnosis are described as well, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Researchers involved in solvent neurotoxicological studies, occupational hygiene specialists, epidemiologists, and trade unions and industries whose members and employees work with organic solvents will find this book to be essential in determining methods for preventing chronic toxic neuropathy, encephalopathy, and other solvent-related disorders.
Author: Peter Arlien-Soborg Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780849362347 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 404
Book Description
Solvent Neurotoxicity presents a comprehensive summary of the latest information available regarding acute and chronic neurotoxicity of a number of solvents. Ten solvents (Chloromethane; Dichloromethane; N-Hexane; Methyl Ethyl Ketone; Methyln N-Butyl Ketone; Styrene; Toluene; 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene, and Xylene) and two mixtures of solvents (White Spirit, Mixed solvent exposure) have been selected based on their widespread use, as well as the mounting evidence from research concerning the neurotoxicity of these particular solvents. Evidence is presented from animal and human experiments, clinical observations, and epidemiological studies. The various methods used to establish a neurological diagnosis are described as well, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Researchers involved in solvent neurotoxicological studies, occupational hygiene specialists, epidemiologists, and trade unions and industries whose members and employees work with organic solvents will find this book to be essential in determining methods for preventing chronic toxic neuropathy, encephalopathy, and other solvent-related disorders.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309040477 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 449
Book Description
Exposure to toxic chemicalsâ€"in the workplace and at homeâ€"is increasing every day. Human behavior can be affected by such exposure and can give important clues that a person or population is in danger. If we can understand the mechanisms of these changes, we can develop better ways of testing for toxic chemical exposure and, most important, better prevention programs. This volume explores the emerging field of neurobehavioral toxicology and the potential of behavior studies as a noninvasive and economical means for risk assessment and monitoring. Pioneers in this field explore its promise for detecting environmental toxins, protecting us from exposure, and treating those who are exposed.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309045312 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 167
Book Description
Scientists agree that exposure to toxic agents in the environment can cause neurological and psychiatric illnesses ranging from headaches and depression to syndromes resembling parkinsonism. It can even result in death at high exposure levels. The emergence of subclinical neurotoxicity-the concept that long-term impairments can escape clinical detection-makes the need for risk assessment even more critical. This volume paves the way toward definitive solutions, presenting the current consensus on risk assessment and environmental toxicants and offering specific recommendations. The book covers: The biologic basis of neurotoxicity. Progress in the application of biologic markers. Reviews of a wide range of in vitro and in vivo testing techniques. The use of surveillance and epidemiology to identify neurotoxic hazards that escape premarket screening. Research needs. This volume will be an important resource for policymakers, health specialists, researchers, and students.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309283086 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 291
Book Description
Extremely hazardous substances (EHSs) can be released accidentally as a result of result of chemical spills, industrial explosions, fires, or accidents involving railroad cars and trucks transporting EHSs. Workers and residents in communities surrounding industrial facilities where EHSs are manufactured, used, or stored and in communities along the nation's railways and highways are potentially at risk of being exposed to airborne EHSs during accidental releases or intentional releases by terrorists. Pursuant to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified approximately 400 EHSs on the basis of acute lethality data in rodents. As part of its efforts to develop acute exposure guideline levels for EHSs, EPA and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) in 1991 requested that the National Research Council (NRC) develop guidelines for establishing such levels. In response to that request, the NRC published Guidelines for Developing Community Emergency Exposure Levels for Hazardous Substances in 1993. Subsequently, Standard Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances was published in 2001, providing updated procedures, methodologies, and other guidelines used by the National Advisory Committee (NAC) on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Substances and the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) in developing the AEGL values. Using the 1993 and 2001 NRC guidelines reports, the NAC-consisting of members from EPA, the Department of Defense (DOD), the Department of Energy (DOE), the Department of Transportation (DOT), other federal and state governments, the chemical industry, academia, and other organizations from the private sector-has developed AEGLs for more than 270 EHSs. In 1998, EPA and DOD requested that the NRC independently review the AEGLs developed by NAC. In response to that request, the NRC organized within its Committee on Toxicology (COT) the Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels, which prepared this report. This report is the fourteenth volume in that series. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 14 summarizes the committee's conclusions and recommendations.
Author: David Alan Warren Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 264
Book Description
Time-courses of blood and brain concentrations and neurobehavioral toxicity were determined for two halocarbon solvents in two rodent species. Based on these data, quantitative relationships, or the lack thereof, have been reported between the degree of neurobehavioral toxicity and internal measures of dose. In the case of orally- administered perchloroethylene (PCE), relationships between blood and brain concentrations and operant performance were not discernable, due in part to an acute adaptation of rats to PCE's response suppressing effect. For inhaled 1,1,1- trichloroethane (TRI), blood and brain concentrations were strongly correlated with the rate of operant responding in rats.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 044462628X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 546
Book Description
Occupational Neurology a volume in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series, provides a comprehensive overview of the science, clinical diagnosis, and treatment for neurotoxin related neurological and psychiatric disorders. This timely collection provides not only a complete scientific reference on the chemical origin of this class of neurological and psychiatric disorders, but also a practical guide to diagnosis and treatment challenges and best practices. Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series The first volume of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology under the editorship of George Bruyn and Pierre Vinken was published in 1968. In 1982, the series was brought to an interim conclusion with the publication of the cumulative index volume (Volume 44). By that stage, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. It enjoys a high reputation in specialist media circles throughout the world. After the series was concluded in 1982, it was realized that an update of the material was imperative. Accordingly, a revised series was planned and published over the following years, concluding with the publication of another cumulative index to both series (Volume 76-78) in 2002. Since then, George Bruyn has passed away and Pierre Vinken has retired, but the need for a further new series, incorporating advances in the field, again become necessary. Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller and Dick F. Swaab have with enthusiasm taken on the responsibility of supervising the preparation of a third series, the first volumes of which were published in 2003. Now, more than 130 volumes after the first published, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series continues to have an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest foundational research, diagnosis, and treatment protocols essential for both basic neuroscience research and clinical neurology. - Provides comprehensive coverage of neurotoxins, especially in the workplace - Details the latest science as the foundation for neurotoxicity diagnosis and treatment - Presents coverage of the diagnosis and treatment essential for clinical neurologists and occupational medicine specialists
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309168708 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 229
Book Description
This report provides a critical review of toxicologic, epidemiologic, and other relevant data on jet-propulsion fuel 8, a type of fuel in wide use by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), and an evaluation of the scientific basis of DOD's interim permissible exposure level of 350 mg/m3
Author: Peter Arlien-Soborg
Author: Peter Arlien-Soborg
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: National Research Council
Author: Edward L. Baker
Author: David Alan Warren
Author: 
Author: National Research Council