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Author: Vanita Thakkar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
Sun is the basic source of energy on Earth - be it conventional fossil fuels or the non-conventional Renewable Energy Sources. Most Renewable Energy Technologies are in a budding stage. The diffused, dilute, intermittent and variable, season and region dependent nature of most renewable energy sources imposes obvious challenges in their utilization.Also, Fuel-switching does not happen overnight. The transition of a new, better, non-conventional, i.e. commercially untried and growing technology into a conventional, techno-commercially viable and accepted technology is a challenging transformation on a mass scale. It requires research and development along with systematic planning and implementation of smooth supplementing of / taking over of one established system by another, new one, with considerably different concepts, features, components and systems. New standards and methods need to be established and training programmes have to be conducted for the new systems.The key to studies in Solar Energy Utilization and Solar Energy Technology lies in understanding the quality, quantum and pattern of availability of Solar Energy at a given location on Earth's surface. The present book gives the fundamental concepts of Solar Energy availability and availability patterns with respect to geographical and climatic conditions under which the Solar Energy Utilization system is located.The topics include: THE SOLAR ENERGY OPTIONSOLAR ENERGY ON EARTH: EARTH'S ROTATIONEARTH'S REVOLUTIONImportant positions in Earth's path of RevolutionExtra-terrestrial Energy FluxSolar ConstantTILT OF EARTH'S AXISSolstice And EquinoxSPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATIONSOLAR RADIATION ON EARTH'S SURFACEMEASUREMENT OF SOLAR RADIATIONPYRANOMETERSPYRHELIOMETERSSUNSHINE DURATION MEASUREMENTSSOLAR ANGLESBASIC ANGLESLatitude-LongitudeDeclinationHour AngleLocal Solar TimeEquation of TimeDERIVED ANGLESRelated to relative position of SunRelated to the orientation of surface intercepting solar radiationRELATIONS BETWEEN BASIC AND DERIVED ANGLESGENERAL EQUATION FOR ANGLE OF INCIDENCEDAY LENGTHThe special feature of this book is the simplicity, lucidity and precise presentation of facts. The language is simple. The facts are presented in short, concise sentences, easy to understand and remember, hence very handy for students.The author has taught undergraduate and post-graduate Engineering students, most of whom were from Vernacular medium, for more than a decade. In her attempts to simplify concepts and their realization in real life systems for her students, many of whom found it difficult to express / write in English, she prepared presentations and notes that were very useful to her students. She spoke in English / Hindi / Gujarati while conveying her lectures to them with the help of these presentations / notes on the screen - giving live translations of difficult words / terms and relating them to familiar concepts / facts / systems.
Author: Vanita Thakkar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 58
Book Description
Sun is the basic source of energy on Earth - be it conventional fossil fuels or the non-conventional Renewable Energy Sources. Most Renewable Energy Technologies are in a budding stage. The diffused, dilute, intermittent and variable, season and region dependent nature of most renewable energy sources imposes obvious challenges in their utilization.Also, Fuel-switching does not happen overnight. The transition of a new, better, non-conventional, i.e. commercially untried and growing technology into a conventional, techno-commercially viable and accepted technology is a challenging transformation on a mass scale. It requires research and development along with systematic planning and implementation of smooth supplementing of / taking over of one established system by another, new one, with considerably different concepts, features, components and systems. New standards and methods need to be established and training programmes have to be conducted for the new systems.The key to studies in Solar Energy Utilization and Solar Energy Technology lies in understanding the quality, quantum and pattern of availability of Solar Energy at a given location on Earth's surface. The present book gives the fundamental concepts of Solar Energy availability and availability patterns with respect to geographical and climatic conditions under which the Solar Energy Utilization system is located.The topics include: THE SOLAR ENERGY OPTIONSOLAR ENERGY ON EARTH: EARTH'S ROTATIONEARTH'S REVOLUTIONImportant positions in Earth's path of RevolutionExtra-terrestrial Energy FluxSolar ConstantTILT OF EARTH'S AXISSolstice And EquinoxSPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLAR RADIATIONSOLAR RADIATION ON EARTH'S SURFACEMEASUREMENT OF SOLAR RADIATIONPYRANOMETERSPYRHELIOMETERSSUNSHINE DURATION MEASUREMENTSSOLAR ANGLESBASIC ANGLESLatitude-LongitudeDeclinationHour AngleLocal Solar TimeEquation of TimeDERIVED ANGLESRelated to relative position of SunRelated to the orientation of surface intercepting solar radiationRELATIONS BETWEEN BASIC AND DERIVED ANGLESGENERAL EQUATION FOR ANGLE OF INCIDENCEDAY LENGTHThe special feature of this book is the simplicity, lucidity and precise presentation of facts. The language is simple. The facts are presented in short, concise sentences, easy to understand and remember, hence very handy for students.The author has taught undergraduate and post-graduate Engineering students, most of whom were from Vernacular medium, for more than a decade. In her attempts to simplify concepts and their realization in real life systems for her students, many of whom found it difficult to express / write in English, she prepared presentations and notes that were very useful to her students. She spoke in English / Hindi / Gujarati while conveying her lectures to them with the help of these presentations / notes on the screen - giving live translations of difficult words / terms and relating them to familiar concepts / facts / systems.
Author: Lucien Wald Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000380238 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 330
Book Description
The sun radiates a tremendous amount of energy, called solar energy or solar radiation, which is the main natural source of energy on the Earth, by far. Because solar radiation is the almost unique supplier of energy to the Earth, it has a primary influence on life and activities on the Earth. The climate is a first example, but there are many others, such as plant growth or human health, or even the design of buildings, the production of energy, notably electrical and thermal, or even aging materials. This book aims to provide simple answers to anyone who has questions about solar radiation. Its ambition is to help by presenting the fundamental elements of the solar radiation received on the ground. The book includes many examples and numerous illustrations, as well as some simple but fairly precise equations to calculate the various elements covered and to reproduce the figures and graphs. The first of the three parts of this book is devoted to the relative geometry between the direction of the sun and an observer on the ground as well as to the solar radiation emitted by the sun and received at the top of the atmosphere. The orbit of the Earth around the sun and the solar declination are described. The concept of time is introduced which is closely linked to the solar cycle and the rotation of the Earth on itself. Equations are given to calculate the solar radiation received on a horizontal or inclined surface located at the top of the atmosphere. The spectral distribution of the extraterrestrial solar radiation is described. The second part of this book addresses how the solar radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere is attenuated and modified in its downward path to the ground. The reflection of the radiation by the ground is presented. The solar radiation received on the ground by a horizontal or inclined collector plane, such as a natural slope or a rooftop, is discussed, as well as its spectral distribution. The variability of the radiation is addressed in relation to the properties of solar radiation estimated from the measurements. The third part deals with direct or indirect measurements of the solar radiation received on the ground over a given integration time (minute, hour, day, or month), whether for total radiation or radiation in a spectral range such as ultraviolet (UV), or daylight, or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). It also explains how to check the plausibility of the measurements. Fundamentals of Solar Radiation will be a valuable resource to all professionals, engineers, researchers, students, and other practitioners that seek an understanding of solar radiation.
Author: Christopher L. Martin Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317705351 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
Drawing on the experience of some of the foremost experts in the field, this easy-to-use and affordable pocket reference includes a wealth of information relating to solar energy and solar energy technologies. Topics covered range from solar angles, sun path diagrams, solar radiation and radiative properties of materials through to thermal collectors, thermal energy storage, photovoltaics and daylighting. The book also includes conversion factors and constants and is peppered throughout with helpful illustrations, equations and explanations. Anyone with an interest in solar energy, including professional architects and engineers, home builders, academic researchers, students and energy consultants will find a host of answers in this book – a practical assimilation of data, fundamentals and guidelines for application.
Author: Dason Whitsett Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1317481674 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
Architectural Science and the Sun synthesizes physics, climate, program, and perception to provide a foundation in the principles of architectural science related to the sun: solar geometry, solar analysis and design techniques, passive design principles, and daylighting. Part analytical handbook, part inspiration source for schematic design, the content comprises a critical component of effective sustainable design. Beyond the purely technical aspects of these topics, Architectural Science and the Sun begins with the premise that great architecture goes beyond energy performance and the visual-aesthetic to engage all of the senses. Given that the stimuli to which our senses respond are physical phenomena such as light, heat, and sound, the designer must manipulate these parameters through the craft of building form and technology to create the desired qualitative experience. This book is designed to help the reader develop that skill.
Author: Zekai Sen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1848001347 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 280
Book Description
This book presents the methods of quantitative determination of solar irradiation incident amount on a surface on the Earth. It brings together information not found elsewhere in a single source, and includes an innovative exposition of expert system methodologies used in the domain of solar irradiation and energy. The book provides a background to the underlying physical principles of solar irradiation and energy, with explanations as to how these can be modelled and applied.
Author: A. F. Janzen Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483155900 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 660
Book Description
Solar Energy Conversion II presents the proceedings of the 1980 International Symposium on Solar Energy Utilization, held in Ontario, Canada on August 10-24, 1980. This book provides information on the utilization of solar energy and on the difficulties encountered in its implementation. Organized into 42 chapters, this compilation of papers begins with an overview of the important parameter in solar radiation measurement. This text then examines the use of solar radiation measurement, the solar radiation scales, the solar radiation units, and the types of solar radiation. Other chapters consider the general problems linked with building up data banks of observed solar radiation data. This book discusses as well the fundamental modes of heat transfer. The final chapter deals with the necessity to incorporate energy education into other disciplines like space geometry. This book is a valuable resource for politicians, government officials, engineers, scientists, and research workers. Technologists working on solar energy will also find this book useful.
Author: Muhammad Iqbal Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323151817 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.
Author: Frank Vignola Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439851905 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
The rather specialized field of solar and infrared radiation measurement has become more and more important in the face of growing demands by the renewable energy and climate change research communities for data that are more accurate and have increased temporal and spatial resolution. Updating decades of acquired knowledge in the field, Solar and Infrared Radiation Measurements details the strengths and weaknesses of instruments used to conduct such solar and infrared radiation measurements. Topics covered include: Radiometer design and performance Equipment calibration, installation, operation, and maintenance Data quality assessment Methods to use measured data to estimate irradiance for any surface With a broad range of content that will benefit students and more experienced readers alike, this resource serves as a primer and technical reference that presents the basic terminology and fundamentals for resource assessment. It explores the history of solar radiation instruments and addresses direct normal, global, diffuse, and tilted measurements, as well as the characteristics of instruments used for these measurements. The authors consider methods of assessing the uncertainty of solar measurements and then cover albedo, infrared, net, and spectral irradiance measurements and instrumentation. The book devotes a section to other meteorological instruments, and another to the basics for installing and operating a solar monitoring station. Appendices include information on solar resource assessment modeling and satellite-derived irradiance, along with other useful material. This book’s authors are experts who each have more than 30 years of experience developing and operating multiple measurement stations, working with industry to improve radiometry, and conducting various research projects.
Author: Rafidah Saidin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Solar buildings Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
This report is based on the effect of solar geometry on a window shade for energy efficient design of building. The objective of this project is investigate the effect of the solar geometry on a window shade of different aspect for energy efficiency purposes and to investigate the effect of using horizontal window shade in reducing solar radiation, thus improving the energy efficiency. It is important to understand the science of solar geometry, it is very important in determining and simulates shadows emitted by solar shades, and directly overhanging horizontal windows to block part of the s radiation will penetrate into the space available in room. Indirectly, the shadow appears to the solar colour varies according to solar geometry, although the movement of the sun relative to the earth's constant. The method that have used in this project is using the C++ Programming to calculate the declination angle and construct diagram to do the sun path. Then, the AWSHADE 3.0 is used to calculate and get the shading degree or beam degree. It was founded, the horizontal shading is suitable to use in highest latitude like Perlis because the radiation arising from the solar movement and the effect caused the solar geometry on the window shades.
Author: Vanita Thakkar
Author: Vanita Thakkar
Author: Lucien Wald
Author: Steven Vajk Szokolay
Author: Christopher L. Martin
Author: Dason Whitsett
Author: Zekai Sen
Author: A. F. Janzen
Author: Muhammad Iqbal
Author: Frank Vignola
Author: Rafidah Saidin