Author: Clark R. WagnerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 208
Book Description
Soil Weed Seed Bank Population Dynamics and Methods for Measuring Weed Seed Populations in Soil
Author: Clark R. WagnerDynamics of Weed Populations
Author: Roger CousensPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521499699
Category : Gardening
Languages : en
Pages : 352
Book Description
Puts the broad empirical knowledge on weed ecology into a theoretical framework.
Ecology of Soil Seed Banks
Author: Mary Allessio LeckPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323148654
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 485
Book Description
Ecology of Soil Seed Banks examines the factors that influence seed bank dynamics and the variety of patterns found among different species. This book presents seed banks in a community context to explore the ecological implications of different patterns, and thus begin the development of a synthesis by comparing various communities. Organized into five parts, this book first examines the general processes that influence inputs or losses from the seed bank, including predation, dormancy/germination mechanisms, and their evolutionary importance. Then, this text examines seed banks in a community context. Only eight vegetation types are included, but the range in diversity of life form, length of growing season, and dominant environmental conditions allow comparisons of seed bank patterns. This book also explores the role of seed banks in vegetation management. This reference material will be a valuable reference material to population and community ecologists and managers. Evolutionary consequences of seed banks should be of interest to population and theoretical biologists.
Harvest Weed Seed Control
Author: The Ecology of Seeds
Author: Michael FennerPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521653688
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 276
Book Description
What determines the number and size of the seeds produced by a plant? How often should it reproduce them? How often should a plant produce them? Why and how are seeds dispersed, and what are the implications for the diversity and composition of vegetation? These are just some of the questions tackled in this wide-ranging review of the role of seeds in the ecology of plants. The authors bring together information on the ecological aspects of seed biology, starting with a consideration of reproductive strategies in seed plants and progressing through the life cycle, covering seed maturation, dispersal, storage in the soil, dormancy, germination, seedling establishment, and regeneration in the field. The text encompasses a wide range of concepts of general relevance to plant ecology, reflecting the central role that the study of seed ecology has played in elucidating many fundamental aspects of plant community function.
Principles of Weed Science
Author: Rao V S.A History of Weed Science in the United States
Author: Robert L ZimdahlPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0123815029
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
Book Description
It is important that scientists think about and know their history - where they came from, what they have accomplished, and how these may affect the future. Weed scientists, similar to scientists in many technological disciplines, have not sought historical reflection. The technological world asks for results and for progress. Achievement is important not, in general, the road that leads to achievement. What was new yesterday is routine today, and what is described as revolutionary today may be considered antiquated tomorrow. Weed science has been strongly influenced by technology developed by supporting industries, subsequently employed in research and, ultimately, used by farmers and crop growers. The science has focused on results and progress. Scientists have been--and the majority remain--problem solvers whose solutions have evolved as rapidly as have the new weed problems needing solutions. In a more formal sense, weed scientists have been adherents of the instrumental ideology of modern science. That is an analysis of their work, and their orientation reveals the strong emphasis on practical, useful knowledge; on know how. The opposite, and frequently complementary orientation, that has been missing from weed science is an emphasis on contemplative knowledge; that is, knowing why. This book expands on and analyzes how these orientations have affected weed science’s development. The first analytical history of weed science to be written Compares the development of weed science, entomology and plant pathology Identifies the primary founders of weed science and describes their role
The Triazine Herbicides
Author: Janis Mc Farland Ph.D.Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080559638
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 604
Book Description
Over the past 50 years, triazines have made a great impact on agriculture and world hunger by assisting in the development of new farming methods, providing greater farming and land use capabilities, and increasing crop yields. Triazines are registered in over 80 countries and save billions of dollars a year. The Triazine Herbicides is the one book that presents a comprehensive view of the total science and agriculture of these chemicals. With emphasis on how the chemicals are studied and developed, reviewed, and used at the agricultural level this book provides valuable insight into the benefits of triazine herbicides for sustainable agriculture. Presents previously unpublished information on the discovery, development and marketing of herbicides Includes a vital section on the origin, use, economics and fate of triazine herbicides Covers benefits of triazines in corn and sorghum, sugarcane, citrus, fruit and nut crops Establishes best management practice and environmental benefits of use in conservation tillage
Impact of Brassica Juncae L. Biofumigation on Annual Weed Ecology and Population Dynamic in Organic Soil
Author: Maxime LefebvrePublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
"Critical processes, including seed bank persistence, seedling establishment, and interspecific interference govern agricultural annual weed population dynamics. Agronomic practices alter weed populations and limit the weed pressure via those key processes. Among them, biofumigation is an innovative technique to control soilborne pests and weeds. Biofumigation is a mass release of volatile chemicals following Brassicaceae tissue disruption when myrosinase enzymes hydrolyze glucosinolates (GSLs). The most common volatile produced following this reaction are isothiocyanates (ITCs). The project focused on assessment of weed species susceptibility, surviving weed responses, and key population dynamic process changes in response to allelochemicals generated during biofumigation. First, a laboratory experiment examined relationships amongst seed dormancy, seed morphology, and weed seed susceptibility to biofumigation. A novel Petri dish biofumigation methodology exposed seeds of eight different weed species to allelochemicals released by increasing rates of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) biomass. The first experiment demonstrated that the dormancy state was an important factor related to seed germination, seed mortality and changes in seed dormancy. Weed species expressed specific dose responses, estimated ED50, LD50, and maximal mortality. Among species in the experiment, hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav.) and wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) were the most affected by biofumigation, where maximal mortality reached 97 and 95%, ED50 values for germination were 2.30 and 3.23 mg cm-2, and LD50 were 3.99 and 4.44 mg cm-2 of mustard tissue, respectively. Second, laboratory and greenhouse experiments assessed the impact of biofumigation on common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) fitness components of surviving plants. Potential alterations of fitness components of the second and third generations were also examined. The second project research outlined that biofumigation modifies weed fitness components by reducing seed germination and survival, promoting seedling mortality, deferring emergence and flowering, and in some cases, decreasing number of seeds produced. However, following generations of surviving weeds may improve their tolerance to biofumigation by an increased number of dormant seeds, greater survival of seedlings, possible increased seed production, and increased relative weight of the embryo, and testa thickness. Finally, a three-year field experiment assessed seasonal variation and impact of biofumigation on weed community and population dynamics. Indian mustard cover crops sown in the spring and fall, once or twice a year were compared to an oat (Avena sativa L.) cover crop and weedy check plots. At full flowering of mustard, all cover crops were finely chopped and incorporated into the soil. Weed emergence, establishment and weed community data were recorded during the cover crop growth and after biomass incorporation. Indian mustard cover crop impacts on weeds were associated to biofumigant potential. As the amount of ITC detected increased in 2015 and 2016, Indian mustard reduced weed establishment within the cover crop growth, and post incorporation weed spring emergence. Allelopathic interference of Indian mustard increased above the corresponding GSL level in tissues generating more than 600 μg of allyl-ITC g-1. Biofumigation technique realized in good conditions may lead in lower weed species richness and diversity and contribute to altering community structure, according to biofumigant potential of mustard, weed community and sites. This project exposes the potential of biofumigation for weed control, allows a better recognition of allelopathy as a defining factor of population dynamics Overall, the project provides a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms of weed population and community responses to Indian mustard biofumigation. " --
Biology and Management of Problematic Crop Weed Species
Author: Bhagirath ChauhanPublisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128229357
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 433
Book Description
Weeds are the main biological constraint to crop production throughout the year. Uncontrolled weeds could cause 100% yield loss. In Australia, the overall cost of weeds to Australian grain growers was estimated at AU$ 3.3 billion annually. In terms of yield losses, weeds amounted to 2.7 million tonnes of grains at a national level. In the USA, weeds cost US$ 33 billion in lost crop production annually. In India, these costs were estimated to be much higher (US$ 11 billion). These studies from different economies suggest that weeds cause substantial yield and economic loss. Biology and Management of Problematic Weed Species details the biology of key weed species, providing vital information on seed germination and production, as well as factors affecting weed growth. These species include Chenopodium album, Chloris truncata and C. virgate, Conyza bonariensis and C. canadensis, Cyperus rotundus, and many more. This information is crucial for researchers and growers to develop integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. Written by leading experts across the globe, this book is an essential read to plant biologists and ecologists, crop scientists, and students and researchers interested in weed science. Provides detailed information on the biology of different key weed species Covers weed seed germination and emergence Presents the factors affecting weed growth and seed production