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Author: Molly McIlquham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Grapes Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soil health in vineyards describes the ability of the soil to resist disturbances, like large wind and rain events, improve the efficiency of nutrient use, minimizing excess losses to the environment, and grow a healthy crop while also benefiting the surrounding landscape. With repeated measurements, vineyard managers can track changes in soil health over time. Building on soil fertility and soil quality concepts, soil health encompasses the feedback between soil organisms and soil physical and chemical properties. Each of the indicators described in this article measure soil health individually but ultimately are all connected.
Author: Molly McIlquham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Grapes Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soil health in vineyards describes the ability of the soil to resist disturbances, like large wind and rain events, improve the efficiency of nutrient use, minimizing excess losses to the environment, and grow a healthy crop while also benefiting the surrounding landscape. With repeated measurements, vineyard managers can track changes in soil health over time. Building on soil fertility and soil quality concepts, soil health encompasses the feedback between soil organisms and soil physical and chemical properties. Each of the indicators described in this article measure soil health individually but ultimately are all connected.
Author: Molly Lynn McIlquham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Soil management Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Soil health, the ability of a soil to function as a living ecosystem and sustain plants, animals, and humans, has been extensively studied in the Midwest and Northeastern U.S. in rainfed annual cropping systems. However, information is lacking for improving and assessing soil health in irrigated specialty cropping systems, especially for wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) growers in the Pacific Northwest, where soil health threats and cropping goals are drastically different. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties related to important functions are assessed through indicator measurements, but regional targets for each measurement must be established to account for the effects of inherent soil type and climate. Additionally, guidance on how management practices may influence soil properties in the drip-irrigated vineyards must be evaluated. To address this gap in knowledge, a soil health assessment was conducted across Washington state’s primary wine grape growing region, sampling 70 sites with varying management and measuring 14 soil health indicators. Producers provided guidance on "good" and "challenging" field pairs and participated in questionnaire-led interviews to gather management histories for each block. Preliminary scoring curves were developed for soil health indicators measured. Curves for permanganate oxidizable carbon and soil protein were shifted negatively from scoring curves being used across the U.S. due to inherent differences in soils and climate. Soil health changes from management practices were also analyzed, and compost additions increased potentially mineralizable nitrogen and cation exchange capacity. No differences in soil health indicators were detected as a result of managing alleyway vegetation. The nature of the study allowed for a considerable variation in the establishment of alleyway vegetation and compost application rates, therefore decreasing the power to detect changes. Indicators unique to Vitis vinifera in Washington state include measuring northern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla); however, no management practices affected the populations. No measured soil health differences were detected between farmer identified "good" and "challenging" pairs. Data collected from this soil health assessment will provide growers with attainable measured soil health ranges disseminated through an Extension publication and provide a framework and guidance for further research on soil health management in vineyards.
Author: Robert White Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 148630740X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 230
Book Description
Healthy Soils for Healthy Vines provides a clear understanding of vineyard soils and how to manage and improve soil health for best vineyard performance. It covers the inherent and dynamic properties of soil health, how to choose which soil properties to monitor, how to monitor soil and vine performance, and how vineyard management practices affect soil health, fruit composition and wine sensory characters. It also covers the basic tenets of sustainable winegrowing and their significance for business resilience in the face of a changing climate. This book will be of practical value to anyone growing grapevines, managing a vineyard or making wine, from the small individual grower to the large wine company employee. It will be of special interest to winegrowers employing organic, natural or biodynamic methods of production, where the primary focus is on the biological health of the soil.
Author: Anjuman Ara Islam Publisher: ISBN: Category : Siderophores Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This research examines microbial activities in the rooting zone soil of 'Concord' (Vitis labruscana Bailey) vineyards in central Washington. Our aim was to understand how cover crops could impact microbial activities, enhance iron (Fe) bioavailability to the grapevines, and increase overall soil health. A high throughput, cost-effective method for quantifying siderophore production was developed and applied to characterize the siderophore-producing members of the 'Concord' root zone community. Ten distinct pseudomonad genomes, forming two different taxonomic and functionally unique clades with potential impact on vine chlorosis were described. Soil microbial enzyme activities were also monitored in soil samples from vine rows and under the cover crops, taken at different physiological stages (bloom and veraison). The soil and plant responses were significantly different in both locations and physiological stages. Overall, cover cropping enhanced the vineyard soil health and increased microbial activity, but the effects were concentrated directly under the cover crop and did not significantly impact grapevine chlorosis. Future work should target amendments and management options specifically in the rooting zone of the grapevines, and attempt to monitor over a longer period of time.
Author: Robert E. White Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190266538 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 289
Book Description
The first edition of Understanding Vineyard Soils has been praised for its comprehensive coverage of soil topics relevant to viticulture. However, the industry is dynamic--new developments are occurring, especially with respect to measuring soil variability, managing soil water, possible effects of climate change, rootstock breeding and selection, monitoring sustainability, and improving grape quality and the "typicity" of wines. All this is embodied in an increased focus on the terroir or "sense of place" of vineyard sites, with greater emphasis being placed on wine quality relative to quantity in an increasingly competitive world market. The promotion of organic and biodynamic practices has raised a general awareness of "soil health", which is often associated with a soil's biology, but which to be properly assessed must be focused on a soil's physical, chemical, and biological properties. This edition of White's influential book presents the latest updates on these and other developments in soil management in vineyards. With a minimum of scientific jargon, Understanding Vineyard Soils explains the interaction between soils on a variety of parent materials around the world and grapevine growth and wine typicity. The essential chemical and physical processes involving nutrients, water, oxygen and carbon dioxide, moderated by the activities of soil organisms, are discussed. Methods are proposed for alleviating adverse conditions such as soil acidity, sodicity, compaction, poor drainage, and salinity. The pros and cons of organic viticulture are debated, as are the possible effects of climate change. The author explains how sustainable wine production requires winegrowers to take care of the soil and minimize their impact on the environment. This book is a practical guide for winegrowers and the lay reader who is seeking general information about soils, but who may also wish to pursue in more depth the influence of different soil types on vine performance and wine character.
Author: Robert White Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING ISBN: 1486307396 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 224
Book Description
Healthy Soils for Healthy Vines provides a clear understanding of vineyard soils and how to manage and improve soil health for best vineyard performance. It covers the inherent and dynamic properties of soil health, how to choose which soil properties to monitor, how to monitor soil and vine performance, and how vineyard management practices affect soil health, fruit composition and wine sensory characters. It also covers the basic tenets of sustainable winegrowing and their significance for business resilience in the face of a changing climate. This book will be of practical value to anyone growing grapevines, managing a vineyard or making wine, from the small individual grower to the large wine company employee. It will be of special interest to winegrowers employing organic, natural or biodynamic methods of production, where the primary focus is on the biological health of the soil.
Author: Andy Clark Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437903797 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 248
Book Description
Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.
Author: Amanda M. Weidhuner Publisher: ISBN: Category : Floors Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
Traditional vineyard floor management in the eastern USA consists of mown resident vegetation in the aisle and herbicide bare driplines, promoting soil erosion and crusting, compaction, lowered water penetration, herbicide resistance, difficult weed management, increased plant parasitic nematode populations and decreased soil biodiversity for pest management. To investigate these issues, four novel vineyard floor management techniques and two N-fertilizer applications were investigated using nematode assemblages as a bioindicator of soil health. Main-plot groundcover treatments include: 1.) grower control, consisting of mown fescue (Festuca arundinacea ) in the aisle with herbicide bare vine dripline, 2.) red fescue, creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) established in both the aisle and vine dripline, 3.) successional, annually planted cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), spring oats (Avena sativa L.), and sorghum-sudan grass (Sorgum x drummondii) by planting them in succession with a no-till drill throughout the year, 4.) compost treatment consisted of a 2 to 1 mix of hardwood mulch and composted winery pomace applied across both the vineyard aisle and vine dripline. Split-plot nitrogen treatments include: 1.) no nitrogen fertility applied to grapevines, 2). 20 lb. N/ac applied to grapevine dripline at budbreak, bloom and veraison. The randomized complete block design with four main-plot treatments, two split-plot treatments and five blocks was established in 2013 and 2014 in a commercial mature Norton vineyard, planted in 2003, at 2.44 x 3.66 m spacing, in southern Illinois on a Hosmer silt-loam. The canonical analysis of principle components clearly revealed that compost and successional treatments were particularly effective at shifting nematode assemblages to higher populations of cp-5 nematodes to correlate with increases in soil respiration and organic matter, thus indicating establishment of a stable soil health structure both physically and ecologically. The results of the soil health analysis panel (soil respiration, water extracted organic carbon and water extracted macro-and micro-soil elements), consistently supported the interpretation of nematode community structure analysis. In fall 2015 the compost, red fescue and successional groundcovers combined with P and K soil fertility amendments increased water extractable K (WEK) in the aisle by 85%, 59% and 71%, respectively, compared to control; they similarly increased WEK in the aisle by 46%, 59% and 71%, respectively, in summer 2016. In the dripline WEK was increased 140%, 238% and 249%, respectively, by compost, red fescue and successional treatments that received no-N-prescription, compared to the control. The application of prescription-N increased WEK by 25% and 21%, respectively, in the compost and successional treatments that had a generous mulch layer. Soil P response to groundcover treatment clearly distinguished among each treatment the impact of nutrient turnover levels with water extracted P levels: successional > red fescue > compost > control, unique to each treatment. The water extracted mineral element levels detected with the soil health analysis were one-half to one-ninth the concentration extracted with the Mehlich-III test. Red fescue tripled the population of Pratylenchus spp. (236/100cc soil) in the dripline with prescription-N fertilization compared to no-N. Red fescue and successional treatments increased Helicotylenchus spp. populations by ~657% and ~172%, respectively, compared to compost (92/100cc soil) which closely resembled control response average in the dripline across 2015 and 2016. Prescription-N reduced Longidorus spp. by 78% compared to no-N treatment (23/100cc soil) in the dripline of fall 2015. Additionally, prescription-N added to the red fescue and successional treatments reduced Xiphinema spp. populations by 57% and 92%, respectively, compared to the control (52/100cc soil). Compost and successional groundcover treatments dramatically increased grapevine yield and crop size by 38% and 30%; and 29% and 38%, respectively, compared to grower control. The prescription N-fertilizer increased yield and crop size by 13% and 17%, respectively, compared to no-N. Compost and successional also increased Ravaz index by 33% and 60%, respectively, over control without reducing vine size which indicated their future vineyard sustainability.
Author: Molly McIlquham
Author: Molly McIlquham
Author: Molly Lynn McIlquham
Author: Robert White
Author: A. I. Dow
Author: Robert Edwin White
Author: Anjuman Ara Islam
Author: Robert E. White
Author: Robert White
Author: Andy Clark
Author: Amanda M. Weidhuner