Author: James Leleand MacIntyrePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Book Description
Soil Density Measurement by Transmitted Gamma Radiation
Author: James Leleand MacIntyrePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soils
Languages : en
Pages : 106
Book Description
Effect of Soil Type on the Single Probe Gamma Ray Transmission Method for Measuring In-situ Densities
Author: D. G. HarlandThe Measurement of Soil Moisture and Density by Neutron and Gamma-ray Scattering
Author: Donald Jenks BelcherPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gamma rays
Languages : en
Pages : 28
Book Description
Use of a Nuclear Gauge for Forest Soil Bulk Density Measurement
Author: Christopher HipkinDensity and Moisture Content Measurements by Nuclear Methods
Author: Robin P. GardnerPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive gages
Languages : en
Pages : 56
Book Description
Sources of error that have been identified on the gamma-ray soil density gauge are: (1) sensitivity to local density variations, especially at the soil surface, (2) sensitivity to soil composition, and (3) inaccurate calibration techniques. An attempt was made to solve these problems by developing for each gauge calibration models that enable stable and homogenous non-soil standards to be used for calibration. Calibration standards and calibration models for each gauge were found and tested. In the process of developing and testing the new nuclear gauge calibration model, the dual-gauge principal of compensating these gauges for variations in soil composition was discovered. The air-gap method of using this principal is explained and was optimized by using the calibration model developed in the current study.
Evaluation of the Gamma and Neutron Radiation Scattering and Transmission Methods for Soil Density and Moisture Determination
Author: PA. RuygrokPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Density
Languages : en
Pages : 17
Book Description
In order to warrant the accuracy of soil density and moisture data from measurements by means of the gamma and neutron radiation attenuation methods several influencing factors have to be taken into account, for example, the soil hydrogen content, the soil inhomogeneity, the resolution characteristics of the measuring device and the probe travel velocity. Some interpretation concepts, related to the total hydrogen content in soil, are discussed in view of a calibration protocol. An iterative calculation procedure is proposed for the case of saturated soil, especially for the case that local organic content information is lacking. Further, a probe-travel velocity criterion and a possible approach to increase the resolution of a measured density profile are presented. Interpretation problems associated with data from inhomogeneous soil, measured with different devices, are discussed in relation with the difference in spatial averaging characteristics, which influence the significance of the measured quantity.
Determination of Sediment Density by Gamma Attenuation
Author: J. Roger McHenryPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Radioactive tracers
Languages : en
Pages : 14
Book Description
Influence of Voids on Density Measurements of Granular Materials Using Gamma Radiation Techniques
Author: S-A TanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Density Measurements
Languages : en
Pages : 9
Book Description
The use of gamma radiation equipment for the nondestructive measurement of soil density originated nearly four decades ago. The typical procedure involves a careful calibration of the gamma radiation counts on specimens of known density of the same materials as those whose density are to be measured. This paper presents the results of laboratory gamma-ray density measurements on 100-mm-diameter specimens with an adapted twin-probe transmission-type density gage originally developed for field use. Primary factors affecting density calibration for soils include soil composition and soil porosity. To appreciate the soil composition factor, 100-mm-diameter specimens of solid materials similar to the soil minerals were tested, and from the data a linear ln (COUNT) versus DENSITY calibration line for solid materials was obtained. Next, aluminium cylindrical specimens with concentric holes of various diameters representing various porosities from 0 to 90% were tested. When compared to the solid material calibration line, it is clear that the bulk density calculated based on the gamma-ray path geometry gives the same calibration as the solid specimens. Subsequently, cylindrical specimens of dry sands and gravels were also made and tested. Results indicate that specimens of uniform densities and uniform void distributions must be used for calibration. Subsequently, using the calibration line obtained for solid homogeneous specimens, densities of porous soils measured by the gamma-ray device would be the bulk density of the materials confined in the path geometry of the gamma rays. Thus the gamma-ray apparatus can be a very useful tool for identifying nonuniformities due to void variation within the same specimen.
Nuclear Radiation Methods for the Determination of Density and Moisture Content of Soils
Author: Shunil E. RoyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Soil moisture
Languages : en
Pages : 200
Book Description
Hand-held Gamma-ray Transmission Equipment for the Measurement of Bulk Density of Field Soils
Author: B. D. ǂq (Brennan D.) SoanePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gamma rays
Languages : en
Pages : 10
Book Description