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Author: Alex Koehl Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The history of food culture among African Americans spans different spaces from the cultural influences of African cuisine, to cooking survival practices during the time of enslavement, to the distinct styles, ingredients, and popular flavors of Soul food today. Food culture contributes to Black adult obesity prevalence. Thus, understanding the role of cultural, environmental, and sociodemographic factors on obesity by the geographic residence of Black adults is important as obesity rises to epidemic levels in the U.S. A weighted sample from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System consisting of 401,958 Black respondents was employed to conduct an analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including measures of central tendency and correlations, and multiple linear regression (MLR) were conducted. The findings revealed that 20% Black or Greater Southern states ([beta]=-0.04), metropolitan status ([beta]=0.03), Stroke Belt states ([beta]=-0.02), and Census region (([beta]=-0.01) contributed significantly to the variance in BMI for Black adults. However, the MLR model with the greatest explanatory power included only Southern states with a 20% or greater proportion of residents that were Black in 2020. General health, sex, and diabetes were the variables most highly associated with BMI among Black adults. Geography variables provided minimal explanation for the variance in BMI. The variables with the strongest associations with BMI in Black adults related more to sociocultural factors. Black women, when compared to Black men, were more likely to be obese, but their perception of body weight was correlated with self-reported comorbidities.
Author: Alex Koehl Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The history of food culture among African Americans spans different spaces from the cultural influences of African cuisine, to cooking survival practices during the time of enslavement, to the distinct styles, ingredients, and popular flavors of Soul food today. Food culture contributes to Black adult obesity prevalence. Thus, understanding the role of cultural, environmental, and sociodemographic factors on obesity by the geographic residence of Black adults is important as obesity rises to epidemic levels in the U.S. A weighted sample from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System consisting of 401,958 Black respondents was employed to conduct an analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including measures of central tendency and correlations, and multiple linear regression (MLR) were conducted. The findings revealed that 20% Black or Greater Southern states ([beta]=-0.04), metropolitan status ([beta]=0.03), Stroke Belt states ([beta]=-0.02), and Census region (([beta]=-0.01) contributed significantly to the variance in BMI for Black adults. However, the MLR model with the greatest explanatory power included only Southern states with a 20% or greater proportion of residents that were Black in 2020. General health, sex, and diabetes were the variables most highly associated with BMI among Black adults. Geography variables provided minimal explanation for the variance in BMI. The variables with the strongest associations with BMI in Black adults related more to sociocultural factors. Black women, when compared to Black men, were more likely to be obese, but their perception of body weight was correlated with self-reported comorbidities.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309452961 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 583
Book Description
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309133408 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 435
Book Description
Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Author: John Cawley Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199876177 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 911
Book Description
There is an urgent need to better understand the causes and consequences of obesity, and to learn what works to prevent or reduce obesity. This volume accurately and conveniently summarizes the findings and insights of obesity-related research from the full range of social sciences including anthropology, economics, government, psychology, and sociology. It is an excellent resource for researchers in these areas, both bringing them up to date on the relevant research in their own discipline and allowing them to quickly and easily understand the cutting-edge research being produced in other disciplines. The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Obesity is a critical reference for obesity researchers and is also valuable for public health officials, policymakers, nutritionists, and medical practitioners. The first section of the book explains how each social science discipline models human behavior (in particular, diet and physical activity), and summarizes the major research literatures on obesity in that discipline. The second section provides important practical information for researchers, including a guide to publicly available social science data on obesity and an overview of the challenges to causal inference in obesity research. The third part of the book synthesizes social science research on specific causes and correlates of obesity, such as food advertising, food prices, and peers. The fourth section summarizes social science research on the consequences of obesity, such as lower wages, job absenteeism, and discrimination. The fifth and final section reviews the social science literature on obesity treatment and prevention, such as food taxes, school-based interventions, and medical treatments such as anti-obesity drugs and bariatric surgery.
Author: Igor De Garine Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134316216 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 360
Book Description
This collection of essays examines obesity not as an objective medical or psychological problem, but as a subjective social and cultural phenomenon. The contributors take a cross-cultural perspective, examining both the negative casting of obesity in developed countries and the traditional view of obesity as a positive characteristic in subsistence societies which is threatened by the dominance of Western culture.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309092116 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 753
Book Description
In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
Author: Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medical protocols Languages : en Pages : 306
Book Description
Of evidence-based recommendations -- Introduction -- Overweight and obesity: background -- Examination of randomized controlled trial evidence -- Treatment guidelines -- Summary of recommendations -- Future research.
Author: Alex Koehl
Author: Alex Koehl
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Audrey Denise Jordan
Author: Tracy Marie Hilliard
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: John Cawley
Author: Igor De Garine
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.)