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Author: Zhongyi Wang Publisher: ISBN: 9781267551177 Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
In this paper we utilized a panel data set from 2004 to 2010 to identify and determine the demographic and economic drivers of food deserts in both urban and rural areas in Arkansas. We defined food deserts as areas where access to healthy foods such as fresh vegetables and fruits are limited. More specifically, separate distance measures from the census block centroid to the nearest supermarket or grocery store were used to determine if the area is an urban food desert (1 mile) or rural food desert (10 miles). These distance measures were then aggregated at the census block group level. Locations of supermarkets and big grocery stores that provide fresh produce were geocoded (latitude and longitude) accordingly. Socio-demographic and economic variables at the census block group level were then matched with the distance information. These variables were from Census 2000 Summary File 3. Finally, we employed multivariate regression approaches to model the relationship between socio-demographic and economic factors and the existence of urban and rural food deserts in Arkansas. We found that block groups with deprived situation, such as less per capita income, higher unemployment, and less educational attainment, will be more likely to be food deserts.
Author: Zhongyi Wang Publisher: ISBN: 9781267551177 Category : Economics Languages : en Pages : 100
Book Description
In this paper we utilized a panel data set from 2004 to 2010 to identify and determine the demographic and economic drivers of food deserts in both urban and rural areas in Arkansas. We defined food deserts as areas where access to healthy foods such as fresh vegetables and fruits are limited. More specifically, separate distance measures from the census block centroid to the nearest supermarket or grocery store were used to determine if the area is an urban food desert (1 mile) or rural food desert (10 miles). These distance measures were then aggregated at the census block group level. Locations of supermarkets and big grocery stores that provide fresh produce were geocoded (latitude and longitude) accordingly. Socio-demographic and economic variables at the census block group level were then matched with the distance information. These variables were from Census 2000 Summary File 3. Finally, we employed multivariate regression approaches to model the relationship between socio-demographic and economic factors and the existence of urban and rural food deserts in Arkansas. We found that block groups with deprived situation, such as less per capita income, higher unemployment, and less educational attainment, will be more likely to be food deserts.
Author: Juste Roche Publisher: Nova Science Publishers ISBN: 9781624178795 Category : Food security Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The USDA's Economic Research Service previously identified over 6,500 food desert tracts in the United States based on the 2000 Census and 2006 data on locations of supermarkets, super-centres, and large grocery stores. This book examines the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of these tracts to see how they differ from other census tracts and the extent to which these differences influence food desert status. Relative to all other census tracts, food desert tracts tend to have smaller populations, higher rates of abandoned or vacant homes, and residents who have lower levels of education, lower incomes, and higher unemployment. Efforts to encourage Americans to improve their diets and to eat more nutritious foods presume that a wide variety of these foods are accessible to everyone. But for some Americans and in some communities, access to healthy foods may be limited.
Author: Michele Ver Ploeg Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437921345 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
The Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 directed the U.S. Dept. of Agr. to conduct a 1-year study to assess the extent of areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food, identify characteristics and causes of such areas, consider how limited access affects local populations, and outline recommend. to address the problem. This report presents the findings of the study, which include results from two conferences of national and internat. authorities on food deserts and a set of research studies. It also includes reviews of existing literature, a national-level assessment of access to large grocery stores and supermarkets, analysis of the economic and public health effects of limited access, and a discussion of existing policy interventions. Illus.
Author: Lola Stronach Publisher: ISBN: Category : Obesity Languages : en Pages : 33
Book Description
The causes of obesity are multi-factorial; however, decreased access to healthy and affordable foods has emerged as an important factor. Areas where access to healthy and affordable foods is limited are known as food deserts. Although the definition of food deserts has evolved since the term was coined in the early 1990s, it is currently defined by the USDA using distance and income as the main criteria and census tracts as the geographic unit. A new web-based tool called the USDA Food Desert Locator was developed in 2011 to identify food desert census tracts across the U.S. using the USDA definition. This study utilizes information from the USDA Food Desert Locator to enhance a secondary data analysis of the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS). The overall goal of this study is to describe and compare the socioeconomic status (SES) of participants enrolled in the Seattle Obesity Study (SOS), a large county based study of food cost, access and quality. This study will also analyze the effects of residing in a food desert on measures of diet quality and obesity measures such as body mass index (BMI) among SOS participants. This is a secondary data analysis of the SOS. Briefly, the SOS is a 2007 cross-sectional telephone survey that was modeled on the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The data was collected within King County, Washington in 2007 and 2008. Data for 2,001 participants was collected. The SOS survey captured extensive data on food and eating, along with demographic factors and physical measures including height and weight. Food deserts were determined using the USDA Food Desert Locator tool. Seventeen census tracts were identified and used to filter SOS participants within King County, Washington. This study analyzed individual level data to ascertain relationships between food desert residence and SES, supermarket type by price, diet quality and obesity. Results show that residing in a food desert is not the key factor associated with obesity, but that SES as defined by income and education are. Solving issues surrounding access to healthy fruits and vegetables may not be as easy as previously thought. Building a new supermarket in food deserts may solve issues of access relating to distance, but it may not solve the socioeconomic challenges facing food desert residents.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309137284 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
In the United States, people living in low-income neighborhoods frequently do not have access to affordable healthy food venues, such as supermarkets. Instead, those living in "food deserts" must rely on convenience stores and small neighborhood stores that offer few, if any, healthy food choices, such as fruits and vegetables. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) and National Research Council (NRC) convened a two-day workshop on January 26-27, 2009, to provide input into a Congressionally-mandated food deserts study by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Economic Research Service. The workshop, summarized in this volume, provided a forum in which to discuss the public health effects of food deserts.
Author: United States Department of Agriculture Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781515118923 Category : Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
USDA's Economic Research Service previously identified more than 6,500 food desert tracts in the United States based on 2000 Census and 2006 data on locations of supermarkets, supercenters, and large grocery stores. In this report, we examine the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of these tracts to see how they differ from other census tracts and the extent to which these differences influence food desert status. Relative to all other census tracts, food desert tracts tend to have smaller populations, higher rates of abandoned or vacant homes, and residents who have lower levels of education, lower incomes, and higher unemployment. Census tracts with higher poverty rates are more likely to be food deserts than otherwise similar low-income census tracts in rural and in very dense (highly populated) urban areas. For less dense urban areas, census tracts with higher concentrations of minority populations are more likely to be food deserts, while tracts with substantial decreases in minority populations between 1990 and 2000 were less likely to be identified as food deserts in 2000.
Author: Paul C. Kinnison Publisher: ISBN: 9781369060645 Category : Food security Languages : en Pages : 135
Book Description
In 2014, 14 percent of United States Households were food insecure (Coleman-Jensen et al. 2015). Trends in food insecurity in the United States demonstrate a slight increase in overall level of food insecurity in the last 19 years. Results of the statistical analysis show that the determinants of food insecurity and poverty are strongly correlated. By drawing on components of the poverty framework, this dissertation shows that individual households that are in poverty are 4.68 times more likely to suffer from persistent food insecurity than non-poor households. Controlling for the components of the Poverty framework, and incorporating contextual covariates, it also shows that the local food environment presents an additional risk factor in a household's likelihood of entering food insecurity over time. Using a multilevel discrete time hazard model, the risk of transitioning into food insecurity is 46 percent higher for households living in low income food deserts. These results shed light on how local food environments affect a household's risk of entering a state of food insecurity net of risk indicators such as household income, parental education, family composition and employment while controlling for socio-economic status (SES) and socio-demographic characteristics of neighborhoods in the United States. Examination of food deserts in Brazoria County, Texas, and the populations at risk of food insecurity in specific places as a result of their local food context finds that populations living in food deserts face compounded disadvantages not only from reduced access to food resources, but also are worse off in the components of the poverty framework than populations in higher income/non-food desert areas.
Author: Cédric Grueau Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030763749 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 177
Book Description
This book constitutes selected, revised and extended papers of the 6th International Conference on Geographical Information Systems Theory, Applications and Management, GISTAM 2020, held in Prague, Czech Republic, May 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online. The 9 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The papers are centered on urban and regional planning; water information systems; geospatial information and technologies; spatio-temporal database management; decision support systems; energy information systems; GPS and location detection.
Author: Paula Dutko Publisher: ISBN: Category : Food security Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
Introd. -- Literature -- Method for defining and measuring food deserts -- Descriptive analyses -- Results: comparing food desert tracts with all other tracts -- Changes in food desert tract characteristics over time -- Regression analysis: methodology -- Conclusion -- References.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030930783X Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 340
Book Description
How we produce and consume food has a bigger impact on Americans' well-being than any other human activity. The food industry is the largest sector of our economy; food touches everything from our health to the environment, climate change, economic inequality, and the federal budget. From the earliest developments of agriculture, a major goal has been to attain sufficient foods that provide the energy and the nutrients needed for a healthy, active life. Over time, food production, processing, marketing, and consumption have evolved and become highly complex. The challenges of improving the food system in the 21st century will require systemic approaches that take full account of social, economic, ecological, and evolutionary factors. Policy or business interventions involving a segment of the food system often have consequences beyond the original issue the intervention was meant to address. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System develops an analytical framework for assessing effects associated with the ways in which food is grown, processed, distributed, marketed, retailed, and consumed in the United States. The framework will allow users to recognize effects across the full food system, consider all domains and dimensions of effects, account for systems dynamics and complexities, and choose appropriate methods for analysis. This report provides example applications of the framework based on complex questions that are currently under debate: consumption of a healthy and safe diet, food security, animal welfare, and preserving the environment and its resources. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System describes the U.S. food system and provides a brief history of its evolution into the current system. This report identifies some of the real and potential implications of the current system in terms of its health, environmental, and socioeconomic effects along with a sense for the complexities of the system, potential metrics, and some of the data needs that are required to assess the effects. The overview of the food system and the framework described in this report will be an essential resource for decision makers, researchers, and others to examine the possible impacts of alternative policies or agricultural or food processing practices.
Author: Zhongyi Wang
Author: Zhongyi Wang
Author: Juste Roche
Author: Michele Ver Ploeg
Author: Lola Stronach
Author: National Research Council
Author: United States Department of Agriculture
Author: Paul C. Kinnison
Author: Cédric Grueau
Author: Paula Dutko
Author: National Research Council