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Author: Olav Hohmeyer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364283499X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
It has become apparent that the market diffusion of systems using new and renewable sources of energy such as solar systems, wind energy converters etc. is taking place more slowly than expected (see e.g. Jochem et al. 1986, p. 338). This indicates that various barriers to the market introduction of such technologies have been underestimated. This hypothesis is supported by the accelerating effect of strong financial incentives on market diffusion rates of wind energy systems in such countries as Denmark and the USA (see Jochem et al. 1986, p. 340f). It is often pointed out that the macroeconomic and social advantages of new energy technologies such as environmental attractiveness, reduction of dependence on energy imports, or resource preservation and the hidden costs of conventional energy systems are not adequately represented in microeconomic evaluations (see Wicke 1986, p. 12 or Solow 1982, p. 32). The general market pricing mechanism does not seem to work adequately in such cases. In any seriously distorted market, government has to compensate by internalizing the external effects of economic processes (see e.g. Solow 1982, p. 31 or Osterkamp/Schneider 1982, p. 27). Therefore, research efforts to estimate the full costs of energy systems to society are necessary. The knowledge of these full social costs of energy could enable government to take corrective action to help the market mechanism achieve an optimal allocation of resources.
Author: Olav Hohmeyer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 364283499X Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
It has become apparent that the market diffusion of systems using new and renewable sources of energy such as solar systems, wind energy converters etc. is taking place more slowly than expected (see e.g. Jochem et al. 1986, p. 338). This indicates that various barriers to the market introduction of such technologies have been underestimated. This hypothesis is supported by the accelerating effect of strong financial incentives on market diffusion rates of wind energy systems in such countries as Denmark and the USA (see Jochem et al. 1986, p. 340f). It is often pointed out that the macroeconomic and social advantages of new energy technologies such as environmental attractiveness, reduction of dependence on energy imports, or resource preservation and the hidden costs of conventional energy systems are not adequately represented in microeconomic evaluations (see Wicke 1986, p. 12 or Solow 1982, p. 32). The general market pricing mechanism does not seem to work adequately in such cases. In any seriously distorted market, government has to compensate by internalizing the external effects of economic processes (see e.g. Solow 1982, p. 31 or Osterkamp/Schneider 1982, p. 27). Therefore, research efforts to estimate the full costs of energy systems to society are necessary. The knowledge of these full social costs of energy could enable government to take corrective action to help the market mechanism achieve an optimal allocation of resources.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309146402 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 506
Book Description
Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Author: Theodoros Zachariadis Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319315358 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 49
Book Description
This book presents an economic cost-benefit assessment of the penetration of renewable power generation in Cyprus up to 2030. Unlike a purely financial appraisal, we employ a social cost-benefit analysis that is mainly relevant for policy makers, taking into account – apart from direct financial costs – external costs and benefits from the diffusion of renewable electricity. The book presents a comprehensive yet straightforward case study, probably the first one conducted for Cyprus. Electricity produced by renewable sources increased worldwide at its fastest rate to date in 2014. Driven by policies to mitigate climate change, enhance energy security and reduce air pollution, and by declining costs of major technologies, renewables account for almost all net new power generating capacity in the developed world. In this context, Cyprus is increasingly adopting renewable power generation as well. In addition to its energy and environmental commitments as a member of the European Union, the country wishes to diversify its energy supply in order to drive down electricity costs and reduce energy supply risks. A significant deployment of renewable electricity is foreseen in the coming decades. Is it economically justified for a small country with an isolated electric system like Cyprus.
Author: Olav Hohmeyer Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642851207 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
Although present day politics seems to be preoccupied with questions of economic growth and full employment, the basic environmental problems stemming from the interactions of the economic sphere with global, regional and local environments persist and will have an even greater impact in the future. If economy and ecology are not reconciled in the years to come, mankind will not have a sustainable future on Earth. The typical negation of environmental problems in times of economic crisis is partially due to the fact that environmental and health damages of economic activities are neither priced nor included in our market price system. This allows politicians to focus their attention on insufficient economic indicators which do not reflect the actual development of the welfare of society. If economic lead indicators like GDP or balance of trade figures were better integrated with information on the environmental and health costs caused by the seemingly beneficial economic development, politicians might have better guidance as to what policy choices would benefit society most.
Author: Thomas L. Neff Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1483149668 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
The Social Costs of Solar Energy: A Study of Photovoltaic Energy Systems covers issues of implementing a solar energy power source. Comprised of eight chapters, this book tackles several topics that are relevant to the use of solar energy as an alternative power source. The opening chapter is an introduction, which provides a review about solar energy. The succeeding chapters then cover the implications of implementing such technology, including the methodology, occupational risks, public health risks, environmental impacts, economic, and logistics challenges. This book will be of great interest to any readers concerned with the environmental, economic, and social repercussion of using solar energy.
Author: Ian Parry Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513595407 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 42
Book Description
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries.
Author: Olav Hohmeyer Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9783540578413 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Although present day politics seems to be preoccupied with questions of economic growth and full employment, the basic environmental problems stemming from the interactions of the economic sphere with global, regional and local environments persist and will have an even greater impact in the future. If economy and ecology are not reconciled in the years to come, mankind will not have a sustainable future on Earth. The typical negation of environmental problems in times of economic crisis is partially due to the fact that environmental and health damages of economic activities are neither priced nor included in our market price system. This allows politicians to focus their attention on insufficient economic indicators which do not reflect the actual development of the welfare of society. If economic lead indicators like GDP or balance of trade figures were better integrated with information on the environmental and health costs caused by the seemingly beneficial economic development, politicians might have better guidance as to what policy choices would benefit society most.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309454204 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 281
Book Description
The social cost of carbon (SC-CO2) is an economic metric intended to provide a comprehensive estimate of the net damages - that is, the monetized value of the net impacts, both negative and positive - from the global climate change that results from a small (1-metric ton) increase in carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions. Under Executive Orders regarding regulatory impact analysis and as required by a court ruling, the U.S. government has since 2008 used estimates of the SC-CO2 in federal rulemakings to value the costs and benefits associated with changes in CO2 emissions. In 2010, the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (IWG) developed a methodology for estimating the SC-CO2 across a range of assumptions about future socioeconomic and physical earth systems. Valuing Climate Changes examines potential approaches, along with their relative merits and challenges, for a comprehensive update to the current methodology. This publication also recommends near- and longer-term research priorities to ensure that the SC- CO2 estimates reflect the best available science.
Author: Olav Hohmeyer
Author: Olav Hohmeyer
Author: National Research Council
Author: Theodoros Zachariadis
Author: Olav Hohmeyer
Author: Thomas L. Neff
Author: Ian Parry
Author: Olav Hohmeyer
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Hariolf Grupp
Author: Anil Markandya