Author: Steve E. WeissmanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 260
Book Description
Social Contextual Actualization of the Reciprocal Longitudinal Links Between Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Maladjustment in Adolescence
Author: Steve E. WeissmanPeer Victimization and Psychosocial Outcomes in Adolescents: Role of Social Support and Disclosure
Author: Lisa Danielle BaileyPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
During adolescence, peer relationships become increasingly important in various aspects of development, such as self-esteem and emotional adjustment. Unfortunately, a number of adolescents experience peer victimization, placing them at increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems. Research has consistently demonstrated the link between peer victimization and poor outcomes. However, exploration of the mechanisms underlying this link, including potential buffers of negative outcomes, is needed. The current study examined social support as a moderator of the relationship between peer victimization and maladjustment in order to assess whether social support from adults and peers protects adolescents from developing emotional and/or behavioral problems. The current study also examined disclosure of victimization to explore the role of a specific type of enacted social support in the link between peer victimization and poor outcomes. Adolescents (N = 633) in grades 10 through 12 completed a background questionnaire, the Revised Peer Experiences Questionnaire, the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents, and the Youth Self-Report. Regression analyses were used to evaluate social support as a moderator of the relationship between peer victimization and internalizing and externalizing behaviors and to explore the role of disclosure. Overall, peer victimization predicted higher levels of social anxiety, anxiety/depression, and aggressive and delinquent behaviors. Strength and direction of moderation effects varied according to the type of peer victimization and source of social support and type of disclosure. The results of this study further our understanding of mechanisms underlying the link between peer victimization and maladjustment and can be used to inform prevention and intervention efforts.
Adolescents' Experiences of Peer Victimization Across Middle School: When Do Friends Help Alleviate Distress?
Author: Hannah Lindsay SchacterPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 210
Book Description
This dissertation consists of three studies examining associations between peer victimization and maladjustment across the middle school years and investigating whether friendships mitigate the distress of victimized adolescents. These studies rely on data drawn from two different longitudinal school-based studies of ethnically diverse early adolescents' social and psychological adjustment in varying school contexts. Presuming that students who are victimized and friendless are at heightened risk for maladjustment, in Study 1 I investigate whether attending school with prosocial peers can alleviate the psychosocial distress of adolescents who are bullied and have no friends during their first year of middle school. Results from multilevel modeling indicate that being victimized and friendless makes students feel more anxious, lonely, and unsafe a year later when they go to school with less supportive peers; however, friendless victims are protected from distress when their grademates are more prosocial (e.g., stand up for the bullied). The findings suggest that victims without friends can be buffered from socio-emotional difficulties if they receive social provisions similar to those provided by friendships (e.g., support, security) from their peers at school. Extending beyond a focus on whether students have any friends, Study 2 considers the quality and characteristics of adolescents' best friendships. Perceptions of best friend emotional support and best friend victimization are investigated as moderators of short-term links between victimization and internalizing symptoms in the last year of middle school. It is hypothesized that the protective effects of emotionally supportive friendships vary depending on whether or not youth perceive their best friends as also mistreated by peers. Multivariate multilevel modeling reveals that perceiving a best friend as caring and supportive protects peer victimized boys from feeling more depressed, regardless of whether they think the best friend is also bullied. For girls, perceiving a best friend as emotionally supportive only weakens victimization-internalizing links when girls perceive their best friend as nonvictimized; when bullied girls can rely on and talk about their problems with a best friend who they think is also picked on, they feel more depressed and anxious. The findings suggest that friendships characterized by high levels of support and self-disclosure can generally make adolescents feel less distressed in the face of peer mistreatment, but such intimacy can "backfire" when girls perceive their best friend to be enduring similar social stress. Study 3 builds on Studies 1 and 2 to examine the effects of peer victimization and friends' victimization on adolescents' depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, characterological self-blame, and perceived safety across all three years of middle school. Capitalizing on four waves of data, I extend past research on individual differences in victimization and adolescent well-being to investigate whether students feel greater distress during school years when they experience increased victimization (i.e., within-person changes). A central goal is to determine whether these maladaptive associations are mitigated among youth whose friend group experiences more victimization across middle school. Rather than focusing on students' self-perceptions of a best friend's victimization (i.e., Study 2), here I examine the average victimization reported by all of adolescents' nominated friends across 6th, 7th, and 8th grade. Results from three-level multilevel models reveal both between- and within-person effects of victimization on adjustment difficulties. Moreover, students are buffered from victimization-related distress (at the between- and within-person level) when they affiliate with friends who are more victimized during middle school. In other words, sharing social plight with friends alleviates victimization-related maladjustment. By considering whether adolescents have friends, the quality of their friendships, and the social experiences of their friends across the middle school years, these studies extend our understanding of the complex ways in which friendships do (and do not) protect victimized youth from distress.
A Reciprocal Model of Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Functioning
Author: Kathleen A. HerzigChildren's Peer Relationship Quality and Changes in Peer Victimization
Author: James Thomas CraigPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bullying
Languages : en
Pages : 250
Book Description
Stable peer victimization during childhood and adolescence has been linked to both concurrent and future social and psychological maladjustment (e.g., Hawker & Boulton, 2000; Juvonen, Graham, & Schuster, 2003; Kaltiala-Heino, Rimpela, Rantanen, & Rimpela, 2000; Reijntjes, Kamphuis, Prinzie, & Telch, 2010). Currently, there is evidence to suggest the quality of children's peer relationships is associated with the level and course of their victimization experiences (e.g., Fox & Boulton, 2006; Schwartz, McFayden-Ketchum, Dodge, Petit, & Bates, 1999; Wolke, Woods, & Samara, 2009). Although the link between peer relationship quality and victimization has been well-documented in the literature; lacking is a thorough understanding of the differential predictive utility of specific aspects of peer relationship quality. Also lacking is a clear conceptual model of social risk and assets capable of explaining the different functions aspects of peer relationship quality serve. The current study used a sample of 676 fourth-grade students assessed multiple times over the course of an academic year to examine whether aspects of peer relationship quality were related to changes in and stability of peer victimization. Results revealed that peer rejection was the most reliable predictor of future and stable victimization. Results offered partial supported for the proposed conceptual model of risk for peer victimization grounded in resource control theory and social stigma. Practical applications of the conceptual model to future research and practice are discussed.
Peer Victimization Across the School Years: Consequences for Middle School Social Goals
Author: Links Between Peer Victimization and Childhood and Adolescent Depression
Author: Kathleen Erin WoodsPeer Victimization and Perceived Parental Psychological and Firm Control
Author: Ting-Lan MaConnecting Online and Offline Social Skills to Adolescents' Peer Relationships and Psychological Adjustment
Author: Felice ResnikPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
As peer victimization is a peer experiences that connects to psychological adjustment in high school students, this study explores how social competence offline and online may mediate this relationship. High school participants (n =303, Mage= 15.83) reported about their peer victimization experiences, social skills online and offline, perceptions of peers' acceptance offline and social media acceptance, social media behaviors, and psychological adjustment. Results indicate that overall, teens' who experience peer victimization are likely to have deficits in their offline and online social competence and use aspects of social media in different ways. However, the pathways between online social competence and social media behaviors do not support mediation of the relationship between peer victimization and psychological adjustment. Also, the use of sociometric methods to measure peer processes on social media shows potential as an informative method. Since teens are interacting with social media as another context of their everyday life and as an important context of peer socialization, the implications for targets of peer victimization are meaningful.
Making a Bad Situation Worse
Author: Maria Elizabeth Guarneri-WhitePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adolescent psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 127
Book Description
Co-rumination, the constant focus upon and rehashing of negative issues within a dyad, is a maladaptive coping mechanism associated with both positive and negative outcomes, including increased friendship quality and depression. There may also be linkages between co-rumination and poor health over time; furthermore, these consequences may be exacerbated by the presence of a stressor, particularly one of an interpersonal nature. One such stressor is peer victimization, which peaks in adolescence and has been associated with a host of negative consequences, especially when it is of a social nature. The current dissertation consists of two separate studies, one cross-sectional and one longitudinal. The first examined the direct effects of co-rumination, as well as the moderating role of peer victimization, on health, behavioral, and interpersonal outcomes in 139 adolescents (Mage 13.37). After controlling for possible related factors, it was found that co-rumination was directly related to lower rates of loneliness and higher rates of PTSD symptoms; there also a link to support from the best friend. Additionally, adolescents who co-ruminated and were victimized reported more frequent and severe somatic complaints, while victimized girls who co-ruminated engaged in aggressive acts; results were only found for overall and social, but not physical, victimization. The second study looked at the effects of corumination over a two- to three-year period, in a different sample of 95 adolescents (Time 1 Mage = 12.88, Time 2 Mage = 15.64). Findings indicated co-rumination at Time 1 was linked to increases in anxiety, depression, and loneliness at Time 2. Moreover, there was a bidirectional relationship between co-rumination and neuroticism, as well as frequent and severe physical health problems. This study is the first of its kind to not only examine how peer victimization specifically moderates the effects of corumination, but to also find a reciprocal link between co-rumination, personality, and health over time.