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Author: B. Ashok Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128242280 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Author: B. Ashok Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128242280 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Author: Donald James Addicott Publisher: ISBN: Category : Air Languages : en Pages : 130
Book Description
Oxides of nitrogen are a concern as effluents to atmospheres because they participate in photochemical reactions which produce smog, because they attenuate sunlight which gives the atmosphere a reddish brown cast, and because of their toxic properties and the health hazards associated with the photochemical products they produce. Oxides of nitrogen are formed during the heterogeneous combustion of the diesel engine. When the locally overlean regions are subjected to high temperatures, nitric oxide (NO) is formed from the nitrogen and oxygen in the air. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is formed slowly from the nitric oxide. The concentration of oxides of nitrogen formed is a function of the fuel-air ratio; the concentration magnitude is limited at low fuel-air ratios by the peak-cycle temperature of combustion and at high fuel-air ratios by the amount of excess air available. Oxides of nitrogen were measured by the spectrophotometric method, which was originally conceived by California Research Corporation. An instrument based on this method was built at this institution by Douglas E. Johnson and was modified and developed as a part of this thesis. The tests were conducted by setting the engine to initial conditions of speed and load close to peak power but below the exhaust smoke point. This initial run was made without any recirculation. The subsequent runs allowed increasing amounts of recirculated gas to flow to the engine intake; the engine speed was maintained constant by varying the load on the engine. The quantity of recirculation was independently varied and the temperature, which was dependent on the quantity of recirculation, was allowed to vary simultaneously. The results of these recirculation tests, which allowed both recirculation variables to increase simultaneously, show that the concentration of oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust gas remained essentially constant, at 300 parts per million (ppm), up to eight percent of exhaust gas recirculation from which the concentration increased rapidly to 700 ppm at 11 percent of exhaust gas recirculation. Increasing the percent of exhaust recirculation from zero to 11 percent caused the fuel-air ratio to increase from 0.050 to 0.065. The engine performance parameters were also affected by the exhaust recirculation. The horsepower (hp) output decreased from 32 hp at zero percent recirculation to 27.7 hp at 11 percent recirculation, a decrease of 12.5 percent. The exhaust smoke intensity decreased slightly between zero and about four or five percent recirculation but then increased rapidly becoming objectionable before reaching 11 percent recirculation. The temperature of the exhaust gas in the exhaust stack remained essentially constant at 1,000° F from zero to seven percent recirculation and then increased to 1,100° F at 11 percent recirculation. Concentrations of carbon monoxide, 0.1 percent, and unburned hydrocarbons, 20 ppm, were not substantially affected by the recirculated exhaust; carbon dioxide concentrations increased from 9.6 percent at zero percent recirculation to 11.6 percent at 11 percent exhaust recirculation. These tests show that there are no reductions in concentration of oxides of nitrogen to be gained by recirculation of exhaust gas, as conducted in the manner of these tests. In addition, the engine parameters of horsepower and smoke intensity were not benefited; the concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons was virtually unaffected, and the concentration of carbon dioxide increased by two percent. It is recommended that further studies of diesel exhaust recirculation be conducted under conditions where the recirculation temperature is held to a low constant value, because theory and earlier work, under unknown operating conditions, indicate that oxides of nitrogen can be reduced by exhaust gas recirculation.
Author: Wenfeng Shangguan Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811072663 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
This book not only explores catalysis processes in redox reactions but also proposes a potential after-treatment strategy. Summarizing the authors’ major works, it offers a guidebook for those working on environmental and industrial catalysis. It presents insights into reaction kinetics in a variety of materials and analyzes the external conditions influencing the reaction. As such it is of particular interest to engineers and scientists in the field of material chemistry, chemical engineering and automobile industry. With novel images and illustrations, it provides a new perspective for interpreting soot abatement material and understanding the reaction process and inspires scientists to design new catalysts with moderate redox capacity.
Author: Avinash Kumar Agarwal Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811332991 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 269
Book Description
This book provides a comparative analysis of both diesel and gasoline engine particulates, and also of the emissions resulting from the use of alternative fuels. Written by respected experts, it offers comprehensive insights into motor vehicle particulates, their formation, composition, location, measurement, characterisation and toxicology. It also addresses exhaust-gas treatment and legal, measurement-related and technological advancements concerning emissions. The book will serve as a valuable resource for academic researchers and professional automotive engineers alike.
Author: Jarrett F. Price Publisher: Nova Science Publishers ISBN: 9781620815618 Category : Diesel motor exhaust gas Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Reducing emissions from diesel engines is one of the most important public health challenges facing the country. Despite the EPA's stringent diesel engine and fuel standards taking effect over the next decade, the 20 million engines already in use will continue to emit large amounts of nitrogen oxide and particulate matter, both of which will contribute to serious public health problems for years to come. Fortunately, a variety of cost-effective technologies can dramatically reduce harmful emissions, save fuel, and help our nation meet its clean air and sustainability goals. This book analyses the cost-effectiveness of various diesel emission reduction strategies, wherein the EPA compares the amount of federal grant funds used, to the lifetime tons reduced, to evaluate the effectiveness of federal investments in spurring diesel emission reductions.
Author: Jon Harlan Van Gerpen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Alcohol as fuel Languages : en Pages : 102
Book Description
Exhaust emissions from diesel engines are a substantial source of air pollution in this country. In recognition of this fact, the Environmental Protection Agency has issued strict new regulations due to take effect -in 1991 and 1994 that will drastically reduce the amount of some pollutants these engines will be allowed to emit. The technology is not currently available to produce diesel engines that can meet these regulations without large penalties in engine performance and efficiency. One technique that offers promise of being able to reduce emissions from both existing engines and new engines is alcohol fumigation.
Author: B. Ashok
Author: B. Ashok
Author: K. Yoshida
Author: Timothy John Jacobs
Author: 
Author: Donald James Addicott
Author: Wenfeng Shangguan
Author: W. F. Marshall
Author: Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Author: Jarrett F. Price
Author: Jon Harlan Van Gerpen