Author: Michael Peter Hanratty
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 846

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Book Description

Author: R. J. Hunt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description

Author: Vijay P. Singh
Publisher: Allied Publishers
ISBN: 9788177645477
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 588

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Book Description

Author: Bano B Mehdi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
"A comparative study in two mesoscale, agricultural watersheds located in mid-latitude, developed regions (Altmühl River, Germany and in Pike River, Canada) investigated potential future land use change and climate change impacts on surface water quality. The two watersheds provided a unique opportunity to compare potential impacts of change in similar physical and climatological regions, yet under different political settings related to agricultural policies as well as water quality management and protection. The objectives of the research were to develop agricultural land use scenarios to apply to a hydrological model simultaneously with climate change simulations. This modelling framework allowed quantifying these combined impacts on streamflow, sediment loads, nitrate-nitrogen loads and concentrations, as well as total phosphorus loads and concentrations to the 2050 time horizon. The impacts of climate change were evaluated alone and then with land use change. Overall, the quality of surface water simulated in both watersheds will be deteriorated according to environmental standards set by the ministries by 2050 due to higher mean annual nutrient loads transported into the rivers. Climate change impacts were greater than land use change impacts; however land use change can have an important influence on water quality, depending on the magnitude of crop changes taking place. Field-level adaptation strategies in the Pike River were simulated to determine the extent of reducing the combined impacts of land use and climate change. The strategies were able to mitigate the combined impacts, and also to improve the quality of surface water compared to the in-stream nutrient concentrations in the reference simulation.In both watersheds, it was determined that the combined interaction between climate change and land use change in the hydrological model are non-linear. Examining the combined impacts are necessary to determine potential alterations in water quality in a basin since the direction and the magnitude are not predictable from the individual changes alone." --

Author: Assefa M. Melesse
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128159995
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 580

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Book Description
Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation

Author: W. L. Moore
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 289

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Book Description
Effects of watershed changes: a continuing challenge;Effects of watershed changes on water quality;Potential of physical models for achievingbetter understanding and evaluation of watershed changes;A discussion of potential of physical models for achieving better understanding an evaluation of watershed changes; Analysis of watershed changes; Informational needs on changes in rural watershed and their relationship to planning activities; Land treatment in agricultural watershed hydrology research; Effects of conservation treatments on water yield; Application of continuous accounting techniques to evaluate the effects of small structures on mukewater Creek, Texas; A discussion of application of continuous accounting techniques to evaluate the effects of small structures on mukewater creek, Texas; Effects of small structures on peak flow; Effects of small structures on water yield in Texas; Effects of small structures on water yield in Texas; Field experiment on washita river; Pollution effects in rural watersheds; The nature of changes in urban watersheds and their importance in the decades ahead; The U.S. geological survey urban water program; Urban effects on water yield; Modeling the runoff characteristics of a urban watershed by means of an analog computer; Effects of urbanization on peak flows; Urban effects on the unit hydrograph; Experience with the evaluation of urban effect for drainage design; Urban effect of quality of streamflow.

Author: Christina Anagnostopoulou
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303650110X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Book Description
- Water resources management should be assessed under climate change conditions, as historic data cannot replicate future climatic conditions. - Climate change impacts on water resources are bound to affect all water uses, i.e., irrigated agriculture, domestic and industrial water supply, hydropower generation, and environmental flow (of streams and rivers) and water level (of lakes). - Bottom-up approaches, i.e., the forcing of hydrologic simulation models with climate change models’ outputs, are the most common engineering practices and considered as climate-resilient water management approaches. - Hydrologic simulations forced by climate change scenarios derived from regional climate models (RCMs) can provide accurate assessments of the future water regime at basin scales. - Irrigated agriculture requires special attention as it is the principal water consumer and alterations of both precipitation and temperature patterns will directly affect agriculture yields and incomes. - Integrated water resources management (IWRM) requires multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, with climate change to be an emerging cornerstone in the IWRM concept.

Author: Scott R. Waichler
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Climatic changes
Languages : en
Pages : 216

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Book Description
Climate change is expected to have both direct and indirect effects on water resources. Hydrologic impacts of two indirect effects, vegetation density and stomata! conductance, are evaluated for the American River, a 200 km2 watershed in the Cascade Range of Washington state. First, a set of distributed hydrology-biogeochemistry model structures are created by coupling DHSVM (Distributed Hydrology-Soil-Vegetation Model) and Biome-BGC (BioGeochemistry Cycles). The model structures are applied to idealized hillslopes and current and future climate scenarios for the watershed. Eleven model structures, differing in vertical 1-D hydrology parameterization, lateral water routing, timestep, slope and aspect, are tested. Sensitivity of hydrology and vegetation density (as measured by leaf area index, LAI) is evaluated with respect to model structure, lapsed climate (elevation), climate change, and soil thickness and nitrogen input rate. Lapsed climate accounts for the largest range in LAI, but choice of model structure is also significant, highlighting opportunities and problems in model development. LAI is water-limited at low elevations, temperature-limited at high elevations, and solar-limited at all elevations. All model structures predict increased LAI under the future scenario that includes reduced stomatal conductancethe conifer forest grows denser. Next, climate scenarios and LAI results from the idealized hillslope simulations are input to the hydrology model DHSVM for hydrologic analysis of the full American River watershed. Basin-average annual precipitation, streamflow, and evapotranspiration all increase under the future climate scenario. The direct effect of increased temperature causes the major hydrologic impact, reduced snowpack and altered seasonal timing of streamflow and ET. Indirect effects of altered LAI and stomatal conductance on hydrology are minor in comparison to the direct effects. Future streamflow and ET are essentially the same between the simplest treatment of climate change, involving fixed LAI and physical climate change only, and the most detailed treatment, involving variable LAI and reduced stomatal conductance in addition to physical climate change.

Author: Rolf Nieder
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9402412220
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 907

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Book Description
This volume highlights important links existing between soils and human health which up to now are not fully realized by the public. Soil materials may have deleterious, beneficial or no impacts on human health; therefore, understanding the complex relationships between diverse soil materials and human health will encourage creative cooperation between soil and environmental sciences and medicine. The topics covered in this book will be of immense value to a wide range of readers, including soil scientists, medical scientists and practitioners, nursing scientists and staff, toxicologists, ecologists, agronomists, geologists, geochemists, public health professionals, planners and several others.

Author: Patrick A. Ray
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464804788
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 149

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Book Description
Confronting Climate Uncertainty in Water Resources Planning and Project Design describes an approach to facing two fundamental and unavoidable issues brought about by climate change uncertainty in water resources planning and project design. The first is a risk assessment problem. The second relates to risk management. This book provides background on the risks relevant in water systems planning, the different approaches to scenario definition in water system planning, and an introduction to the decision-scaling methodology upon which the decision tree is based. The decision tree is described as a scientifically defensible, repeatable, direct and clear method for demonstrating the robustness of a project to climate change. While applicable to all water resources projects, it allocates effort to projects in a way that is consistent with their potential sensitivity to climate risk. The process was designed to be hierarchical, with different stages or phases of analysis triggered based on the findings of the previous phase. An application example is provided followed by a descriptions of some of the tools available for decision making under uncertainty and methods available for climate risk management. The tool was designed for the World Bank but can be applicable in other scenarios where similar challenges arise.