SIMULATION EXPERIMENTALE DE L'ALCALI-REACTION DES BETONS. ETUDE DE L'INFLUENCE DES IONS SULFATE PDF Download
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Book Description
L'ALCALI-REACTION EST UNE REACTION PATHOGENE DU BETON. ELLE ENTRAINE SA FISSURATION ET LA FORMATION D'UN PRODUIT DE REACTION LOCALISE DANS LES FISSURES. ELLE RESULTE D'UNE INTERACTION ENTRE LA SILICE REACTIVE CONTENUE DANS LES GRANULATS ET LES IONS HYDROXYDES DE LA SOLUTION INTERSTITIELLE DU BETON. CETTE INTERACTION A TROIS CONSEQUENCES: ? LA REACTION ENTRE LA SILICE REACTIVE ET LES IONS HYDROXYDES QUI CONDUIT A LA DISSOLUTION PARTIELLE DE LA SILICE ET A L'IONISATION DE LA SILICE RESIDUELLE, ? LA FORMATION DE PRODUITS CALCO-SILICO-ALCALINS A PARTIR DE LA SILICE DISSOUTE ET DES IONS CALCIUM DE LA PATE DE CIMENT, ? L'APPARITION DE CONTRAINTES SUFFISANTES POUR GENERER LA FISSURATION DES OUVRAGES. L'OBJECTIF DE CE TRAVAIL EST D'ETUDIER LE ROLE DES IONS SULFATE DANS L'ALCALI-REACTION AVEC UN SOUCI DE COMPREHENSION DES PHENOMENES CHIMIQUES ET MECANIQUES IMPLIQUES DANS CETTE REACTION. UNE DEMARCHE SIMPLIFICATRICE A ETE ADOPTEE. ELLE CONSISTE A ETUDIER, EN PRESENCE D'IONS SULFATE, SEPAREMENT CHACUNE DES TROIS CONSEQUENCES DE L'INTERACTION ENTRE LA SILICE REACTIVE ET LES IONS HYDROXYDES. LES CONSTITUANTS DU BETON ONT ETE SIMULES PAR DES PHASES PURES. LES PRINCIPAUX RESULTATS SONT LES SUIVANTS: ? LA PRESENCE D'IONS SULFATE AUGMENTE LE DEGRE D'IONISATION DE LA SILICE RESIDUELLE ET DIMINUE LA CONCENTRATION DE SILICE DISSOUTE. CET EFFET EST COMMUN A L'ENSEMBLE DES ELECTROLYTES. ? LES PHASES SULFOALUMINATE DE CALCIUM HYDRATEES, PHASES SULFATEES MAJORITAIRES DE LA PATE DE CIMENT, NE SONT PAS STABLES EN PRESENCE D'IONS SILICATES. ELLES EVOLUENT VERS LA FORMATION DE PRODUITS CALCO-SILICO-ALUMINO-ALCALINS QUI N'INCORPORENT PAS D'ION SULFATE. LES IONS SULFATE N'ONT AUCUNE INFLUENCE SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES DE CES PRODUITS. ? LA PRESENCE DE CALCIUM, DE SILICE REACTIVE, D'IONS ALCALINS ET HYDROXYDES EST SUFFISANTE POUR GENERER LA FISSURATION D'UN BETON. LES CONTRAINTES ASSOCIEES AUX DEUX PREMIERES CONSEQUENCES DE L'INTERACTION SILICE REACTIVE IONS HYDROXYDES ONT ETE MESUREES A PARTIR DE DISPOSITIFS ADAPTES CONCUS SPECIALEMENT
Book Description
L'ALCALI-REACTION EST UNE REACTION PATHOGENE DU BETON. ELLE ENTRAINE SA FISSURATION ET LA FORMATION D'UN PRODUIT DE REACTION LOCALISE DANS LES FISSURES. ELLE RESULTE D'UNE INTERACTION ENTRE LA SILICE REACTIVE CONTENUE DANS LES GRANULATS ET LES IONS HYDROXYDES DE LA SOLUTION INTERSTITIELLE DU BETON. CETTE INTERACTION A TROIS CONSEQUENCES: ? LA REACTION ENTRE LA SILICE REACTIVE ET LES IONS HYDROXYDES QUI CONDUIT A LA DISSOLUTION PARTIELLE DE LA SILICE ET A L'IONISATION DE LA SILICE RESIDUELLE, ? LA FORMATION DE PRODUITS CALCO-SILICO-ALCALINS A PARTIR DE LA SILICE DISSOUTE ET DES IONS CALCIUM DE LA PATE DE CIMENT, ? L'APPARITION DE CONTRAINTES SUFFISANTES POUR GENERER LA FISSURATION DES OUVRAGES. L'OBJECTIF DE CE TRAVAIL EST D'ETUDIER LE ROLE DES IONS SULFATE DANS L'ALCALI-REACTION AVEC UN SOUCI DE COMPREHENSION DES PHENOMENES CHIMIQUES ET MECANIQUES IMPLIQUES DANS CETTE REACTION. UNE DEMARCHE SIMPLIFICATRICE A ETE ADOPTEE. ELLE CONSISTE A ETUDIER, EN PRESENCE D'IONS SULFATE, SEPAREMENT CHACUNE DES TROIS CONSEQUENCES DE L'INTERACTION ENTRE LA SILICE REACTIVE ET LES IONS HYDROXYDES. LES CONSTITUANTS DU BETON ONT ETE SIMULES PAR DES PHASES PURES. LES PRINCIPAUX RESULTATS SONT LES SUIVANTS: ? LA PRESENCE D'IONS SULFATE AUGMENTE LE DEGRE D'IONISATION DE LA SILICE RESIDUELLE ET DIMINUE LA CONCENTRATION DE SILICE DISSOUTE. CET EFFET EST COMMUN A L'ENSEMBLE DES ELECTROLYTES. ? LES PHASES SULFOALUMINATE DE CALCIUM HYDRATEES, PHASES SULFATEES MAJORITAIRES DE LA PATE DE CIMENT, NE SONT PAS STABLES EN PRESENCE D'IONS SILICATES. ELLES EVOLUENT VERS LA FORMATION DE PRODUITS CALCO-SILICO-ALUMINO-ALCALINS QUI N'INCORPORENT PAS D'ION SULFATE. LES IONS SULFATE N'ONT AUCUNE INFLUENCE SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES DE CES PRODUITS. ? LA PRESENCE DE CALCIUM, DE SILICE REACTIVE, D'IONS ALCALINS ET HYDROXYDES EST SUFFISANTE POUR GENERER LA FISSURATION D'UN BETON. LES CONTRAINTES ASSOCIEES AUX DEUX PREMIERES CONSEQUENCES DE L'INTERACTION SILICE REACTIVE IONS HYDROXYDES ONT ETE MESUREES A PARTIR DE DISPOSITIFS ADAPTES CONCUS SPECIALEMENT
Author: Catherine Larive Publisher: ISBN: 9782720826603 Category : Alkali-aggregate reactions Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
CE TRAVAIL ALLIE UNE APPROCHE THEORIQUE, BASEE SUR LA MECANIQUE DES MILIEUX POREUX CONTINUS, A UNE APPROCHE EXPERIMENTALE IMPORTANTE, AFIN DE MIEUX COMPRENDRE L'ALCALI-REACTION. L'INTERET DE LA MODELISATION SE MANIFESTE DES LA CONCEPTION DU PROGRAMME D'ESSAIS, EN ORIENTANT LE CHOIX DES PRINCIPAUX PARAMETRES - APPORTS D'EAU, TEMPERATURE ET CONTRAINTE - ET EN INDUISANT UNE METHODOLOGIE D'ETUDE QUI ETABLIT UN PARALLELE ENTRE LES EFFETS MACROSCOPIQUES ET LES CAUSES MICROSCOPIQUES DE L'ALCALI-REACTION. LE VOLET EXPERIMENTAL A PORTE SUR LES DEFORMATIONS, FISSURATION, VARIATIONS DE POIDS ET CARACTERISTIQUES MECANIQUES DE SIX CENTS EPROUVETTES EN GONFLEMENT LIBRE OU SOUS CONTRAINTE UNIAXIALE. PARALLELEMENT, L'EVOLUTION DE LA MICROSTRUCTURE DU MATERIAU A ETE ETUDIEE PAR DIFFERENTES TECHNIQUES : MICROSCOPIE ELECTRONIQUE A BALAYAGE, VISUALISATION DES PRODUITS DE REACTION PAR FLUORESCENCE DES IONS URANYLE, CALCULS MINERALOGIQUES. LES PRINCIPAUX RESULTATS EXPERIMENTAUX SONT : _ L'ABSENCE DE COUPLAGE ENTRE L'ETAT DE CONTRAINTE ET LES PROCESSUS PHYSICO-CHIMIQUES CONSTITUANT L'ALCALI-REACTION, _ LA QUANTIFICATION DE L'HETEROGENEITE INTRINSEQUE ET DE L'EVOLUTION DES CARACTERISTIQUES MECANIQUES, _ L'EXPLICATION DE L'ORIGINE DE L'ANISOTROPIE DU GONFLEMENT LIBRE ET DE LA FORME SIGMOIDALE DES COURBES DE GONFLEMENT, _ LE CARACTERE SECONDAIRE DES PHENOMENES DE NATURE OSMOTIQUE, A L'ECHELLE MACROSCOPIQUE, _ LE ROLE PREPONDERANT DE LA QUANTITE D'EAU DISPONIBLE AU MOMENT DE LA FORMATION DES PRODUITS DE REACTION, ET DES PHENOMENES DE TRANSPORT, A LA FOIS SUR L'AMPLITUDE ET LA CINETIQUE DES DEFORMATIONS, _ L'EXISTENCE D'UN SEUIL DE DESSICCATION SOUS LEQUEL L'ALCALI-REACTION EST BLOQUEE, _ L'EXISTENCE D'UNE PERIODE DE LATENCE DURANT LAQUELLE LES DEFORMATIONS SONT LENTES ET DONT LA DUREE DEPEND FORTEMENT DE LA TEMPERATURE. CES RESULTATS ONT PERMIS D'IDENTIFIER LES PARAMETRES D'UNE LOI DE COMPORTEMENT DECRIVANT L'EVOLUTION D'UNE EPROUVETTE EN GONFLEMENT LIBRE.
Author: Mark Alexander Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400754132 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 471
Book Description
Concrete and cement-based materials must operate in increasingly aggressive aqueous environments, which may be either natural or industrial. These materials may suffer degradation in which ion addition and/or ion exchange reactions occur, leading to a breakdown of the matrix microstructure and consequent weakening. Sometimes this degradation can be extremely rapid and serious such as in acidic environments, while in other cases degradation occurs over long periods. Consequences of material failure are usually severe – adversely affecting the health and well-being of human communities and disturbing ecological balances. There are also large direct costs of maintaining and replacing deteriorated infrastructure and indirect costs from loss of production during maintenance work, which place a great burden on society. The focus of this book is on addressing issues concerning performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments , by way of this State-of-the-Art Report. The book represents the work of many well-known and respected authors who contributed chapters or parts of chapters. Four main themes were addressed: I. Nature and kinetics of degradation and deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments, II. Modelling of deterioration in such environments, III. Test methods to assess performance of cement-based materials in such environments, and which can be used to characterise and rate relative performance and inform long term predictions, IV. Engineering implications and consequences of deterioration in aggressive aqueous environments, and engineering approaches to the problem.
Author: Herbert Pöllmann Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 3110473720 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 518
Book Description
Aside from water the materials which are used by mankind in highest quantities arecementitious materials and concrete. This book shows how the quality of the technical product depends on mineral phases and their reactions during the hydration and strengthening process. Additives and admixtures infl uence the course of hydration and the properties. Options of reducing the CO2-production in cementitious materials are presented and numerous examples of unhydrous and hydrous phases and their formation conditions are discussed. This editorial work consists of four parts including cement composition and hydration, Special cement and binder mineral phases, Cementitious and binder materials, and Measurement and properties. Every part contains different contributions and covers a broad range within the area. Contents Part I: Cement composition and hydration Diffraction and crystallography applied to anhydrous cements Diffraction and crystallography applied to hydrating cements Synthesis of highly reactive pure cement phases Thermodynamic modelling of cement hydration: Portland cements – blended cements – calcium sulfoaluminate cements Part II: Special cement and binder mineral phases Role of hydrotalcite-type layered double hydroxides in delayed pozzolanic reactions and their bearing on mortar dating Setting control of CAC by substituted acetic acids and crystal structures of their calcium salts Crystallography and crystal chemistry of AFm phases related to cement chemistry Part III: Cementitious and binder materials Chemistry, design and application of hybrid alkali activated binders Binding materials based on calcium sulphates Magnesia building material (Sorel cement) – from basics to application New CO2-reduced cementitious systems Composition and properties of ternary binders Part IV: Measurement and properties Characterization of microstructural properties of Portland cements by analytical scanning electron microscopy Correlating XRD data with technological properties No cement production without refractories
Author: Chris L. Page Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 1845693396 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 415
Book Description
Whilst most structures made using concrete and cement-based composites have not shown signs of premature degradation, there have been notable exceptions. In addition, there is increasing pressure for new structures to remain in serviceable condition for long periods with only minimal maintenance before being recycled. All these factors have highlighted the issues of what affects the durability of these materials in different circumstances and how material properties can be measured and improved. Durability of concrete and cement composites summarises key research on these important topics. After an introductory chapter, the book reviews the pore structure and chemistry of cement-based materials, providing the foundation for understanding the particular aspects of degradation which are discussed in the following chapters. These include dimensional stability and cracking processes, chemical and microbiological degradation of concrete, corrosion of reinforcing and prestressing steels, deterioration associated with certain aggregates, effects of frost and problems involving fibre-reinforced and polymer-cement composites. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Durability of concrete and cement composites is a standard reference for all those concerned with improving the service life of structures using these materials. Analyses a range of materials such as reinforced steel in concrete, pre-stressed concrete and cement composites Discusses key degradation phenomena such as cracking processes and the impact of cold weather conditions A standard reference for those concerned with improving the service life of structures using concrete and cement based composites
Author: Don Montague Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 9780419199106 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 472
Book Description
This dual-language dictionary lists over 20,000 specialist terms in both French and English, covering architecture, building, engineering and property terms. It meets the needs of all building professionals working on projects overseas. It has been comprehensively researched and compiled to provide an invaluable reference source in an increasingly European marketplace.
Author: Frederick Measham Lea Publisher: CHEMICAL Publishing Company Incorporated (NY) ISBN: 9780820602127 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
For those interested in the use of concrete in building and civil engineering construction.
Author: Peter C. Lichtner Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 1501509799 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 452
Book Description
Volume 34 of Reviews in Mineralogy focuses on methods to describe the extent and consequences of reactive flow and transport in natural subsurface systems. Since the field of reactive transport within the Earth Sciences is a highly multidisciplinary area of research, including geochemistry, geology, physics, chemistry, hydrology, and engineering, this book is an attempt to some extent bridge the gap between these different disciplines. This volume contains the contributions presented at a short course held in Golden, Colorado, October 25-27, 1996 in conjunction with the Mineralogical Society of America's (MSA) Annual Meeting with the Geological Society of America in Denver, Colorado.
Author: Maarten A.T.M. Broekmans Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG ISBN: 1501508350 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 376
Book Description
Volume 74 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry contains a selection of papers on the applied mineralogy of cement and concrete, by far the most popular modern building material by volume, with an annual production exceeding 9 billion cubic meters, and steadily growing. Not even all 'concrete' topics can be covered by a single volume, but an interesting assortment was finally obtained. The seven chapters deal with mineralogy and chemistry of (alumina) clinker production and hydration (Pöllmann), alternative raw clinkering materials to reduce CO2 emission (Justnes), assessment of clinker constituents by optical and electron microscopy (Stutzman), industrial assessment of raw materials, cement and concrete using X-ray methods in different applications (Meier et al.), in situ investigation of clinker and cement hydration based on quantitative crystallographic phase analysis (Aranda et al.), characterization and properties of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to improve cement and concrete properties (Snellings et al.), and deleterious alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) in concrete (Broekmans).
Author: VALERIE.. MICHAUD
Author: VALERIE.. MICHAUD
Author: Catherine Larive
Author: Mark Alexander
Author: Herbert Pöllmann
Author: Chris L. Page
Author: Don Montague
Author: Marc-Andre Berube
Author: Frederick Measham Lea
Author: Peter C. Lichtner
Author: Maarten A.T.M. Broekmans