Author: Swathi Arur Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331944820X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 296
Book Description
This volume covers the current knowledge base on the role of signaling and environmental pathways that control the normal development of germline stem cells, meiotic progression of oocytes, events of oocyte maturation and fertilization, and the birth of an embryo. Germ cells are uniquely poised to sustain life across generations through the fusion of oocyte and sperm. Because of the central importance of germ cells to life, much work has been dedicated to obtaining a clear understanding of the molecular and signaling events that control their formation and maintenance. Germ cells are set aside from somatic cells in the embryo and go through specialized meiotic cell cycles as the animal matures. These cell cycles are interspersed with long periods of arrest. In human females, meiosis I is initiated in the fetus. At birth, oocytes are arrested in meiosis I; after puberty, every month an oocyte initiates meiosis II – ovulation. Upon sperm availability these cells are fertilized, generate an embryo, and the cycle-of-life continues. During meiotic I progression and arrest, the fitness of oocytes and their progeny are likely influenced by environmental cues and signaling pathways. A lot of recent work has focused on understanding the mechanisms that regulate oocyte fitness and quality in humans and vertebrates. Much of our understanding on the events of meiosis I and germline stem cell populations comes from work in invertebrates, wherein the germline stem cells produce oocytes continuously through adult development. In both inverbrates and vertebrates nutritional and signaling pathways control the regulation of stem cells in such a manner so as to couple production of gametes with the nutritional availability. Additionally, mature oocytes arrest both in meiosis I and meiosis II, and signaling and nutritional pathways have been shown to regulate their formation, and maintenance, such that despite long periods of arrest, the oocyte quality is assured and errors in chromosome segregation and varied cytoplasmic events are minimal.
Author: Dirk Inzé Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401009368 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
In recent years, the study of the plant cell cycle has become of major interest, not only to scientists working on cell division sensu strictu , but also to scientists dealing with plant hormones, development and environmental effects on growth. The book The Plant Cell Cycle is a very timely contribution to this exploding field. Outstanding contributors reviewed, not only knowledge on the most important classes of cell cycle regulators, but also summarized the various processes in which cell cycle control plays a pivotal role. The central role of the cell cycle makes this book an absolute must for plant molecular biologists.
Author: Amber Lynn Lasek Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Protein interactions within a living cell are complex and are necessary for transmitting signals quickly and accurately. Kinases provide an important source of regulation and communication and play important roles for triggering and maintaining signaling cascades. These processes are themselves restrained so that they occur at the correct time and place. Due to the complexity of these processes and the need for improved methods, there remain many unresolved questions regarding the interconnectedness of signaling pathways and the extent that posttranslational modifications on kinases play for regulating kinase activity and function. Many kinases are known to be activated by phosphorylation within its catalytic loop; however, these proteins have multiple sites of modification including additional sites of phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Whether and how much these sites influence the activity and function of the kinase is unresolved. Using analog-specific kinases, I have discovered that Plk1 is not only regulated by the activating phosphorylation within the catalytic loop, T210, but also requires a neighboring site, T214. Additionally, other phosphorylation sites within the catalytic domain, but not in the C-terminal localization domain, redundantly control mitotic functions of Plk1 and cell cycle progression. These results demonstrate the intricacy of signaling to control and regulate Plk1. Further analysis of the complexity of signaling within a cell is demonstrated by comparing the pathways of two proteins. For a cellular process, involved proteins can act in parallel or overlapping pathways. If they overlap, can moderately perturbing a pathway from multiple directions simultaneously cause a greater response than each individual assault? This idea was used to design a screen between differing therapeutic agents. Many of the drugs include those that directly target proteins key to signaling pathways, kinases, while others were agents that would activate signaling pathways through error induction, such as mitotic checkpoint signaling activation with nocodazole treatment. Aurora A inhibition was found to potentiate the effect of a Plk1 inhibitor, a pan-Cdk inhibitor, and DNA damage response inducer, IUdR. Overall, this work expands the knowledge of and provides insight into the way that signaling networks function within the cell.
Author: Juliusz Ashot Kozak Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 149875273X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells focuses on methods of investigating the structure and function of non-voltage gated calcium channels. Each chapter presents important discoveries in calcium entry pathways, specifically dealing with the molecular identification of store-operated calcium channels which were reviewed by earlier volumes in the Methods in Signal Transduction series. Crystallographic and pharmacological approaches to the study of calcium channels of epithelial cells are also discussed. Calcium ion is a messenger in most cell types. Whereas voltage gated calcium channels have been studied extensively, the non-voltage gated calcium entry channel genes have only been identified relatively recently. The book will fill this important niche.
Author: James A. Hoch Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology ISBN: 9781555810894 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 488
Book Description
The human enteroviruses, particularly the polio viruses, have had a significant role in the history of medicine and microbiology; and continue to cause clinical problems, as well as provide targets for molecular investigation. This book offers a link between the basic science and clinical medicine.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 9780128186671 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Ubiquitination and Protein Stability - Part B, Volume 619, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this updated volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Topics of note include chapters on Assays of SUMO protease function in mammalian cells, In vitro analysis of proteasome-associated USP14 activity for substrate degradation and deubiquitylation, Methods to study proteasome regulatory particle assembly, Native mass spectrometry approaches to study the proteasome, Single-molecule methods to study the ubiquitin-proteasome system, Assays for the function of ubiquitin in the mammalian endocytic pathway, and much more.
Author: Julian Adams Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1592597947 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
A panel of leading academic and pharmaceutical investigators takes stock of the remarkable work that has been accomplished to date with proteasome inhibitors in cancer, and examines emerging therapeutic possibilities. The topics range from a discussion of the chemistry and cell biology of the proteasome and the rationale for proteasome inhibitors in cancer to a review of current clinical trials underway. The discussion of rationales for testing proteasome inhibitors in cancer models covers the role of the proteasome in NF-kB activation, the combining of conventional chemotherapy and radiation with proteasome inhibition, notably PS-341, new proteasome methods of inhibiting viral maturation, and the role of protesome inhibition in the treatment of AIDS. The authors also document the development of bortezomib (VelcadeTM) in Phase I clinical trials and in a multicentered Phase II clinical trials in patients with relapsed and refractory myeloma.
Author: David Owen Morgan Publisher: New Science Press ISBN: 0878935088 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
The Cell Cycle: Principles of Control provides an engaging insight into the process of cell division, bringing to the student a much-needed synthesis of a subject entering a period of unprecedented growth as an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying cell division are revealed.
Author: Philipp Kaldis Publisher: Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 400
Book Description
This book is a state-of-the-art summary of the latest achievements in cell cycle control research with an outlook on the effect of these findings on cancer research. The chapters are written by internationally leading experts in the field. They provide an updated view on how the cell cycle is regulated in vivo, and about the involvement of cell cycle regulators in cancer.
Author: Swathi Arur
Author: Dirk Inzé
Author: Bruce Alberts
Author: Amber Lynn Lasek
Author: Juliusz Ashot Kozak
Author: James A. Hoch
Author: 
Author: Julian Adams
Author: David Owen Morgan
Author: Philipp Kaldis