Short and Long Chains at Interfaces PDF Download

Author: Jean Daillant
Publisher: Atlantica Séguier Frontières
ISBN: 9782863321775
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 414

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Author: J. Lyklema
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080507123
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 787

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Book Description
Interface and colloid science is an important, though often under-valued, branch of science. It has applications and ramifications in domains as disparate as agriculture, mineral dressing, oil recovery, chemical industry, biotechnology, medical science, and many more. Proper application of interface and colloid science requires factual knowledge and insight into the many basic laws of physics and chemistry upon which it is based. Fundamentals of Interface and Colloid Science is the first book to cover this field in the depth neccessary to be a valuable reference and an excellent textbook.From the beginning to the end of the book, systems of growing complexity are treated gradually. The presentation is particularly suited to emphasize that interfaces are not autonomous phases. As a rule, interfacial properties can be varied only by changing the adjoining phases, so that the properties of these bulk phases must be understood first. The text also recognizes common principles behind a variety of phenomena, and helps the reader to understand them and to develop and improve processes. The systematic treatment of the material in the book makes this clear, and makes the text itself an important contribution to the field. - Systematic treatment of information - An excellent addition to volume I - Two chapters contributed by other experts in the field - Uses a deductive approach to increase the order of complexity - Written by a leading expert in the field - Two chapters contributed by other outstanding scientists - Uses a systematic and deductive approach - First comprehensive review of the topic

Author: M. Corti
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3798516855
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 520

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Author: Avraam I. Isayev
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527805176
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 330

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A complete and timely overview of the topic, this volume of the encyclopedia imparts knowledge of fundamental principles of polymer blends. Each article is uniformly structured for easy navigation, containing the latest research & development and its basic principles and applications.

Author: Paolo Pasini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402027605
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 368

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Book Description
Liquid crystals, polymers and polymer liquid crystals are soft condensed matter systems of major technological and scientific interest. An understanding of the macroscopic properties of these complex systems and of their many and interesting peculiarities at the molecular level can nowadays only be attained using computer simulations and statistical mechanical theories. Both in the Liquid Crystal and Polymer fields a considerable amount of simulation work has been done in the last few years with various classes of models at different special resolutions, ranging from atomistic to molecular and coarse-grained lattice models. Each of the two fields has developed its own set of tools and specialized procedures and the book aims to provide a state of the art review of the computer simulation studies of polymers and liquid crystals. This is of great importance in view of a potential cross-fertilization between these connected areas which is particularly apparent for a number of experimental systems like, e.g. polymer liquid crystals and anisotropic gels where the different fields necessarily merge. An effort has been made to assess the possibilities of a coherent description of the themes that have developed independently, and to compare and extend the theoretical and computational techniques put forward in the different areas.

Author: Benjamin David Almquist
Publisher: Stanford University
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 101

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Book Description
Electrophysiological tools and biologic delivery systems generally rely on non-optimal methods for gaining access through cellular membranes. Electrophysiological techniques that provide intracellular access, such as patch clamping, result in membrane holes and cell death in a matter of hours, while the delivery of bioactive materials are hampered by low bioavailability following passage through the endosomal pathways. In each case, the lipid bilayer backbone of the cellular membrane presents a formidable barrier to intracellular access. As biological gatekeepers, cell membranes not only physically define everything from whole organisms to individual organelles, they also prevent unobstructed flow of molecules between the inner and outer regions of the membrane. This occurs since the hydrophobic lipid acyl tails form a narrow hydrophobic layer a few nanometers thick, which is highly unfavorable for the passage of most hydrophilic molecules. It is this region that is one of the greatest obstacles to the dream of biotechnology seamlessly and non-destructively integrating synthetic components with biological systems. This thesis contributes to the understanding of how to rationally design devices that interact specifically with this hydrophobic region. In turn, this work begins to establish design guidelines for creating non-destructive, membrane-penetrating bio-inorganic interfaces. The beginning chapters focus on the development of the "stealth" probe platform. In nature, there exist specialized transmembrane proteins capable of incorporating into lipid bilayers by replicating the lipid hydrophilic-hydrophobic-hydrophilic structure. The stealth probe design mimics this structure by creating 2-10nm hydrophobic bands on otherwise hydrophilic structures. However, since current lithographic methods do not possess the necessary resolution, a new fabrication technique using a combination of top-down fabrication with bottom-up self-assembly methods was developed. This approach uses an evaporated chrome-gold-chrome stack and focused ion beam (FIB) milling, where the exposed edge of the embedded gold layer can be specifically functionalized with a hydrophobic thiol-mediated self-assembled monolayer. Chapter 3 explores the propensity for insertion and specific interaction of the stealth probe hydrophobic band with the hydrophobic lipid bilayer core. In order to gain quantitative insight into the interaction behavior, atomic force microscopy was used in conjunction with a new, stacked lipid bilayer testing platform. By using stacks of 100's to 1000's of lipid bilayers, substrate-probe interaction artifacts can be removed while simultaneously allowing precise determination of probe location within a lipid bilayer. It was found that completely hydrophilic probes reside in the hydrophilic hydration region between bilayers, whereas hydrophobically functionalized stealth probes preferred to reside in the bilayer core. This behavior was found to be independent of hydrophobic functionalization, with butanethiol and dodecanethiol both displaying preferential localization. The subsequent chapters explore how the molecular structure of the hydrophobic band and the band thickness affect membrane-probe interface stability. The lipid stack platform provides an easy method of force-clamp testing, which enabled quantitative extrapolation of the unstressed interface strength. A series of tests with various length alkanethiols found that the crystallinity of the molecules in the hydrophobic band is the dominant factor influencing interfacial stability. Surprisingly, hydrophobicity was found to be a secondary factor, although necessary to drive spontaneous membrane integration. Molecular length was also found to play a role in determining the ultimate interfacial strength, with short chain molecules similar in length to amino acid side chains promoting the most stable interfaces. The thickness of the hydrophobic band was found to regulate the interface structure. Bands with thicknesses comparable to that of the host lipid bilayer core likely promote a fused interface geometry, similar in structure to that of transmembrane protein-lipid bilayer interfaces. Thicker bands began to transition to a 'T-junction' interface that is characterized by a lower interface stability. Interestingly, the behavior of 10nm bands were indistinguishable from completely hydrophobic probes, reinforcing the importance of nanoscale patterning for stable membrane integration. Chapter 6 builds on the results of the previous chapters by exploring how various stealth probe geometries influence adhesion behavior. In agreement with force clamp testing, short disordered monolayers displayed strong integration into the bilayer core, while crystalline monolayers displayed extremely weak integration. Preliminary adhesion testing results with human red blood cells demonstrate that the stealth probe geometry holds promise for in vitro and in vivo platforms, expanding the results of this work from simply a biophysical test system to a real world example. Finally, the behavior of two hydrophobic bands either commensurately spaced with the hydrophobic core spacing in the bilayer stack, or incommensurately spaced in order to force one band to reside in the hydrophilic hydration layer, is explored. It was found that the commensurately spaced bands display superior strength to single band tips, which is attributed to the necessity to simultaneously rupture both membrane-hydrophobic band interfaces. Conversely, the incommensurately spaced probes display a significant destabilization of the interface. This is thought to be due to the forced residence of one hydrophobic band in a hydrophilic hydration layer. This result is intriguing for biologic delivery systems, as the nuclear double membrane presents a unique barrier geometry, and a double band system may provide a facile means for penetration.

Author: Klaus Wandelt
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527411593
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1002

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Book Description
Dieses einzigartige Handbuch in zehn Bänden behandelt alle grundlegenden Aspekte der Oberflächen- und Grenzflächenwissenschaften, bietet für Wissenschaftler der Fachrichtung einen umfassenden Überblick über das Forschungsgebiet und eignet sich als Einführung für alle, die neu in dem Fachgebiet sind.

Author: Anilkumar G. Gaonkar
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9781420047080
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 624

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Book Description
This work examines how major food ingredients such as water, salt, hydrocolloids, starches, lipids, proteins, flavours and additives interact with other constituents of food and affect food quality with respect to microstructure, texture, flavour and appearance. The intention is to provide new opportunities for food product development. It considers both real foods and model food systems.

Author: Barry A. Morris
Publisher: William Andrew
ISBN: 0323855741
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 846

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Book Description
The Science and Technology of Flexible Packaging: Multilayer Films from Resin and Process to End Use, Second Edition provides a comprehensive guide on plastic films in flexible packaging, covering scientific principles, materials properties, processes and end use considerations. Sections discuss the science of multilayer films in a concise and impactful way, presenting the fundamental understanding required to improve product design, material selection and processes. In addition, the book includes information on why one material is favored over another and how film or coating affects material properties. Descriptions and analysis of key properties of packaging films are provided from engineering and scientific perspectives. With essential scientific insights, best practice techniques, environmental sustainability information and key principles of structure design, this book provides information aids in material selection and processing, how to shorten development times and deliver stronger products, and ways to enable engineers and scientists to deliver superior products with reduced development time and cost. - Provides essential information on all aspects of multilayer films in flexible packaging, including processing, properties, materials and end use - Bridges the gap between scientific principles and practical challenges - Includes explanations to assist practitioners in overcoming challenges - Enables the reader to address new challenges, such as design for sustainability and eCommerce

Author: E. Blass
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9783527102303
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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The separation operations between two fluid phases are predominantly based on the mass transfer between individual phases across a phase interphase. The investigation of the actual transport across the interphase was the topic of a research programme, result in this work -the most profund publication on the topic. Here, scientists working in different subject areas (physics, physical chemistry, technical chemistry, chemocal engineering and thermodynamics) present their results in this exciting field.