Sexual Dimorphism and Sexual Selection in the Highly Dimorphic Orb-weaving Spider Argiope Aurantia (Lucas) PDF Download
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Author: Matthias W. Foellmer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Black and yellow garden spider Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is relatively rare in animal species. Males are much smaller than females for example in anglerfish, some barnacles, and various spiders, Spiders (Araneae) are unique because this is the only free-living terrestrial taxon where extreme SSD is common. The factors involved in the evolution and maintenance of extreme SSD are still poorly understood. Spiders also exhibit a "shape" dimorphism, males having relatively longer legs than females. In this thesis, I estimate selection on adult males of the highly dimorphic orb-weaving spider Argiope aurantia to evaluate hypotheses about the adaptive significance of male size and shape in spiders. I use a multivariate approach to distinguish selection targeting different body components. My results suggest that selection tends to favour longer legs during mate search, and that this may result in net selection for overall larger males. During mating, the pattern of selection on males depends on the type of female with which they mate. Most males mate opportunistically with a moulting female when she is defenceless and are under strong selection for large body size due to interference competition over access to females. If males mate with mature, post-moult females, they face an 80% chance of a cannibalistic attack by the female, but this does not result in selection on male body size. However, the longer males stay in copula, the more likely they are to be cannibalised. Relatively longer legs in males were not favoured during either form of mating and thus probably constitute an adaptation during mate search. Current hypotheses about the adaptive significance of small male size in spiders either predict a small male advantage during mate search or during mating with cannibalistic females, or assume that sexual selection for large size due to interference competition is absent or weak. Neither of these assumptions and predictions were upheld in my study.
Author: Matthias W. Foellmer Publisher: ISBN: Category : Black and yellow garden spider Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Extreme sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is relatively rare in animal species. Males are much smaller than females for example in anglerfish, some barnacles, and various spiders, Spiders (Araneae) are unique because this is the only free-living terrestrial taxon where extreme SSD is common. The factors involved in the evolution and maintenance of extreme SSD are still poorly understood. Spiders also exhibit a "shape" dimorphism, males having relatively longer legs than females. In this thesis, I estimate selection on adult males of the highly dimorphic orb-weaving spider Argiope aurantia to evaluate hypotheses about the adaptive significance of male size and shape in spiders. I use a multivariate approach to distinguish selection targeting different body components. My results suggest that selection tends to favour longer legs during mate search, and that this may result in net selection for overall larger males. During mating, the pattern of selection on males depends on the type of female with which they mate. Most males mate opportunistically with a moulting female when she is defenceless and are under strong selection for large body size due to interference competition over access to females. If males mate with mature, post-moult females, they face an 80% chance of a cannibalistic attack by the female, but this does not result in selection on male body size. However, the longer males stay in copula, the more likely they are to be cannibalised. Relatively longer legs in males were not favoured during either form of mating and thus probably constitute an adaptation during mate search. Current hypotheses about the adaptive significance of small male size in spiders either predict a small male advantage during mate search or during mating with cannibalistic females, or assume that sexual selection for large size due to interference competition is absent or weak. Neither of these assumptions and predictions were upheld in my study.
Author: Daphne J. Fairbairn Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 1400847605 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 327
Book Description
The remarkable and unique ways that male and female animals play out gender roles in nature While we joke that men are from Mars and women are from Venus, our gender differences can't compare to those of many other animals. For instance, the male garden spider spontaneously dies after mating with a female more than fifty times his size. And male blanket octopuses employ a copulatory arm longer than their own bodies to mate with females that outweigh them by four orders of magnitude. Why do these gender gulfs exist? Introducing readers to important discoveries in animal behavior and evolution, Odd Couples explores some of the most extraordinary sexual differences in the animal world. Daphne Fairbairn uncovers the unique and bizarre characteristics of these remarkable species and the special strategies they use to maximize reproductive success. Fairbairn also considers humans and explains that although we are keenly aware of our own sexual differences, they are unexceptional within the vast animal world. Looking at some of the most amazing creatures on the planet, Odd Couples sheds astonishing light on what it means to be male or female in the animal kingdom.
Author: Rainer Foelix Publisher: OUP USA ISBN: 0199734828 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 428
Book Description
One of the only books to treat the whole spider, from its behavior and physiology to its neurobiology and reproductive characteristics, Biology of Spiders is considered a classic in spider literature. First published in German in 1979, the book is now in its third edition, and has established itself as the supreme authority on these fascinating creatures. Containing five hundred new references, this book incorporates the latest research while dispelling many oft-heard myths and misconceptions that surround spiders. Of special interest are chapters on the structure and function of spider webs and silk, as well as those on spider venom. A new subchapter on tarantulas will appeal especially to tarantula keepers and breeders. The highly accessible text is supplemented by exceptional, high-quality photographs, many of them originals, and detailed diagrams. It will be of interest to arachnologists, entomologists, and zoologists, as well as to academics, students of biology, and the general reader curious about spiders.
Author: Carmen Viera Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319657178 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 448
Book Description
Within the last few decades, arachnology in the Neotropical region has experienced a great development filling the knowledge gap in one of the most diverse regions of the world. Nevertheless, large geographical areas remain poorly sampled, especially within the Amazon, and new genera and species have been continuously discovered, even in urban areas. In congruence with the recent improvements in research, several aspects of the ecology, behaviour and natural history of spiders, such as interactions with other predators and parasitoids, social interactions, dispersal patterns, habitat requirements, mating behaviors, among others, are being carefully investigated. These recent contributions incorporate substantial information on the preexisting knowledge on these subjects every year. Our main objective with this book is to present a summary on these new researches and on the currently knowledge on the main subjects involved in the general theme, emphasizing the contribution of the rich fauna of the Neotropical region to the research of behaviour and ecology of the spiders.
Author: Nigel E. Stork Publisher: Springer ISBN: Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 592
Book Description
As forests are cut down, altered and fragmented, the communities of organisms associated with them are also affected. Predictions of global species extinction rates based on forest loss range 1% to 10% each decade. Because arthropods comprise the largest component of animal species richness, it is inevitable that many arthropod species will become extinct. Millions of these species are thought to live in the forest canopy. During the last twenty years recognition of the importance of canopy arthropods to global biodiversity and the crucial roles arthropods play in forests has led to a revolution in the study and understanding of the arthropod community structure in the forest canopy. Recent advances have been greatly aided by the development of improved sampling techniques and new methods of access to the forest canopy. Canopy Arthropods brings together for the first time a wide range of the most recent studies of arthropods living in forest canopies and comes from a truly international team of contributors.
Author: Omkar Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9811086877 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1075
Book Description
This book comprehensively compiles information on some of the major pests that afflict agricultural, horticultural and medicinal crops in particular as well as many polyphagous pests. Not only does this book deal with the pests of common globally produced crops it also addresses those of rarely dealt with crops such as seed spices, medicinal and aromatic plants. While the perspective of insect pests is largely Indian and South East Asian in context, the book does deal with globally problematic pests, particularly polyphagous ones. Not only will the readers be acquainted with the pests, their damaging potential and their life cycle but also with the latest methods of managements including ecofriendly measures being employed to keep pest populations at manageable levels. The 27 chapters in the book, are grouped into four sections primarily based on crop types, viz. pest of agricultural, horticultural and medicinal crops, and polyphagous pests, making the book easy to navigate. Each of the chapters is comprehensive and well illustrated and written by academicians who have dedicated their entire lives to the study of a particular crop-pest complex. The final chapter of this book provides an overview on the principles and processes of pest management.
Author: Marie Elisabeth Herberstein Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139494783 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
Spiders are often underestimated as suitable behavioural models because of the general belief that due to their small brains their behaviour is innate and mostly invariable. Challenging this assumption, this fascinating book shows that rather than having a limited behavioural repertoire, spiders show surprising cognitive abilities, changing their behaviour to suit their situational needs. The team of authors unravels the considerable intra-specific as well as intra-individual variability and plasticity in different behaviours ranging from foraging and web building to communication and courtship. An introductory chapter on spider biology, systematics and evolution provides the reader with the necessary background information to understand the discussed behaviours and helps to place them into an evolutionary context. Highlighting an under-explored area of behaviour, this book will provide new ideas for behavioural researchers and students unfamiliar with spiders as well as a valuable resource for those already working in this intriguing field.
Author: Matthias W. Foellmer
Author: Matthias W. Foellmer
Author: Daphne J. Fairbairn
Author: S. Andrew Inkpen
Author: 
Author: Robert B. Payne
Author: Rainer Foelix
Author: Carmen Viera
Author: Nigel E. Stork
Author: Omkar
Author: Marie Elisabeth Herberstein