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Author: Michael E. Smith Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889450007 Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
Sensory hair cells are the specialized mechanosensory receptors found in vertebrate auditory, vestibular, and lateral line organs that transduce vibratory and acoustic stimuli into the sensations of hearing and balance. Hair cells can be damaged due to such factors as aging, ototoxic chemicals, acoustic trauma, infection, or genetic factors. Loss of these hair cells lead to deficits in hearing and balance, and in mammals, such deficits are permanent. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates exhibit the capability to regenerate missing hair cells. Researchers have been examining the process of hair cell death and regeneration in animal models in an attempt to find ways of either preventing hair cell loss or stimulating the production of new hair cells in mammals, with the ultimate goal of finding new therapeutics for human sensorineural hearing and balance deficits. This has led to a wide array of research on sensory hair cells- such as understanding the factors that cause hair cell loss and finding agents that protect them from damage, elucidating the cell signaling pathways activated during hair cell death, examining the genes and cellular pathways that are regulated during the process of hair cell death and regeneration, and characterizing the functional sensory loss and recovery following acoustic or ototoxic insults to the inner ear. This research has involved cell and developmental biologists, physiologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, and otolaryngologists. In this Research Topic, we have collated reviews of the past progress of hair cell death and regeneration studies and original research articles advancing sensory hair cell death and regeneration research into the future.
Author: Michael E. Smith Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889450007 Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Languages : en Pages : 268
Book Description
Sensory hair cells are the specialized mechanosensory receptors found in vertebrate auditory, vestibular, and lateral line organs that transduce vibratory and acoustic stimuli into the sensations of hearing and balance. Hair cells can be damaged due to such factors as aging, ototoxic chemicals, acoustic trauma, infection, or genetic factors. Loss of these hair cells lead to deficits in hearing and balance, and in mammals, such deficits are permanent. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates exhibit the capability to regenerate missing hair cells. Researchers have been examining the process of hair cell death and regeneration in animal models in an attempt to find ways of either preventing hair cell loss or stimulating the production of new hair cells in mammals, with the ultimate goal of finding new therapeutics for human sensorineural hearing and balance deficits. This has led to a wide array of research on sensory hair cells- such as understanding the factors that cause hair cell loss and finding agents that protect them from damage, elucidating the cell signaling pathways activated during hair cell death, examining the genes and cellular pathways that are regulated during the process of hair cell death and regeneration, and characterizing the functional sensory loss and recovery following acoustic or ototoxic insults to the inner ear. This research has involved cell and developmental biologists, physiologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, and otolaryngologists. In this Research Topic, we have collated reviews of the past progress of hair cell death and regeneration studies and original research articles advancing sensory hair cell death and regeneration research into the future.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Sensory hair cells are the specialized mechanosensory receptors found in vertebrate auditory, vestibular, and lateral line organs that transduce vibratory and acoustic stimuli into the sensations of hearing and balance. Hair cells can be damaged due to such factors as aging, ototoxic chemicals, acoustic trauma, infection, or genetic factors. Loss of these hair cells lead to deficits in hearing and balance, and in mammals, such deficits are permanent. In contrast, non-mammalian vertebrates exhibit the capability to regenerate missing hair cells. Researchers have been examining the process of hair cell death and regeneration in animal models in an attempt to find ways of either preventing hair cell loss or stimulating the production of new hair cells in mammals, with the ultimate goal of finding new therapeutics for human sensorineural hearing and balance deficits. This has led to a wide array of research on sensory hair cells- such as understanding the factors that cause hair cell loss and finding agents that protect them from damage, elucidating the cell signaling pathways activated during hair cell death, examining the genes and cellular pathways that are regulated during the process of hair cell death and regeneration, and characterizing the functional sensory loss and recovery following acoustic or ototoxic insults to the inner ear. This research has involved cell and developmental biologists, physiologists, geneticists, bioinformaticians, and otolaryngologists. In this Research Topic, we have collated reviews of the past progress of hair cell death and regeneration studies and original research articles advancing sensory hair cell death and regeneration research into the future.
Author: Richard J. Salvi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387733647 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 323
Book Description
Not male pattern baldness, but the loss of sensory hair, is a very serious topic. Sensory hair cells convert sound and motion into our sense of hearing, movement, and head position. In mammals, the loss of hair cells is irreversible. Or is it? Hair cells in other vertebrates are capable of regenerating and recovering partial or complete function. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the regeneration of sensory hair cells.
Author: Mark E. Warchol Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031206614 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
This volume provides a detailed update on progress in the field of hair cell regeneration. This topic is of considerable interest to academicians, clinicians, and commercial entities, including students of auditory and vestibular neuroscience, audiologists, otologists, and industry, all of whom may have interest in hair cell regeneration as a potential future therapy for hearing and balance dysfunction. In 2008, Springer published a SHAR volume on this subject (Hair Cell Regeneration, Repair, and Protection, Editors Richard Salvi and Richard Fay). Since that time, there has been considerable advancement in this field.This book provides a historical perspective on the field, but the emphasis is on more "prospective" views of the various facets of regeneration research, in the hope that the volume will stimulate new projects and approaches, focusing on the limitations of current knowledge and describing promising strategies for future work. The book will include the following key features of hair cell regeneration: • Cellular and molecular control hair cell regeneration in non-mammalian species (in particular zebrafish and chickens) • Our current understanding of the capacity for hair cell replacement in mammals (rodents and humans). • Signals controlling pro-regenerative behaviors in supporting cells, the hair cell progenitors. • New techniques that have been applied to study the genetic and epigenetic regulation of hair cell regeneration in mammals and non-mammals. • Contributions of stem cells toward building new tools to explore how hair cell regeneration is controlled and toward developing cells and tissue for therapeutic transplantation. • Studies that have applied gene and drug therapy to promote regeneration in mammals.
Author: Jacob Evans Publisher: States Academic Press ISBN: 9781639892495 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
The sensory receptors which belong to the vestibular and auditory systems of vertebrates are termed as hair cells. They are present within the ears. These cells are able to detect movement around them through mechanotransduction. In mammals, hair cells are located in the cochlea of the inner ear. These cells can be categorized into two types, the inner and outer hair cells. They are functionally and anatomically different from each other. The inner hair cells are responsible for converting the sound vibrations in the fluids of the cochlea into electrical signals which are then conveyed to the brain. They are unable to regenerate. Therefore, any injury or damage to them is permanent and can lead to a decrease in hearing sensitivity. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around the regeneration, repair and death of hair cells. Its aim is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. This book will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.
Author: Dominic Aaron Mangiardi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
Abstract: Sensory hair cells in the cochlea convert fluid movement resulting from sound pressure waves into neural signals to relay information about sound to the brain. Damage to these sensory receptors can result in permanent hearing loss in humans. A leading cause of sensory hair cell death is exposure to aminoglycoside antibiotics (e.g. gentamicin), which are clinically used to treat bacterial infection despite their known ototoxicity. The avian cochlea is a useful animal model to study aminoglycoside-induced sensory hair cell death due to structural similarities to the mammalian cochlea and similar susceptibility to aminoglycosides. The avian cochlea also has the capacity to regenerate lost hair cells via induction of neighboring supporting cells to re-enter the cell cycle and repopulate the damaged epithelium, unlike the mammalian cochlea. The aims of this dissertation are to study the mechanisms of aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death in the avian cochlea and the subsequent replacement of damaged hair cells via supporting cell proliferation. A subcutaneous gentamicin injection (300 mg/kg) induced a proximal to distal progression of hair cell loss in the avian cochlea. Immunohistochemical labeling of avian cochlear preparations and confocal analysis were utilized to demonstrate the primary mechanism of hair cell death was via caspase-mediated apoptosis. A novel segmentation algorithm was developed to process confocal images of the avian cochlea to assess hair cell density across the surface of the sensory epithelium. This algorithm was utilized to demonstrate the opposite patterns of hair cell loss in the avian cochlea following systemic gentamicin treatment in vivo versus exposure to gentamicin in vitro and the rapid hair cell loss along the neural edge of the sensory epithelium following placement of explanted cochleae into the culture environment. Finally, the spatio-temporal progression of hair cell regeneration following systemic gentamicin treatment was analyzed using 3D confocal image stacks. The results of this analysis indicated a proximal to distal and inferior to superior progression of hair cell replacement that mimicked the progression of hair cell loss. However, no specific pattern of initial progenitor cell location within the depth of the sensory epithelium was determined.
Author: Eric D. Thomas Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 82
Book Description
The mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear mediate hearing and balance. Widespread loss of these hair cells results in severe hearing and balance deficits. Humans and other mammals are unable to regrow lost hair cells, but there are a number of other organisms, such as fish, frogs, and birds, that can. A more thorough understanding of how this hair cell regeneration occurs, at the genetic, molecular, and cellular levels, could one day allow us to target those same processes in humans and induce endogenous hair cell regeneration as a therapy for hearing and balance disorders. The zebrafish is one such organism that serves as an excellent model for hair cell regeneration. Zebrafish not only have an inner ear, but also a sensory system called the lateral line, which is comprised of clusters of hair cells arranged along the surface of the body. Lateral line hair cells are analogous to inner ear hair cells, but mediate the fish’s response to changing water flow. Previous studies have demonstrated that lateral line hair cells regenerate rapidly and completely following hair cell death, and that the surrounding support cells serve as progenitors for new hair cells. However, little is known about how progenitor function in the lateral line is regulated, and the work presented in this thesis seeks to rectify that. In Chapter 1 I provide an introduction to hair cell regeneration, with a particular focus on hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line and the inner ear. In Chapter 2, I identify genetically-distinct populations of lateral line support cells and demonstrate that they differ in their capacities to serve as hair cell progenitors. Furthermore, I show that these progenitor populations are independently regulated and that they also serve to maintain the progenitor pool within the lateral line. In Chapter 3, I develop tools to study regeneration of zebrafish inner ear hair cells and demonstrate that regeneration in the cristae occurs via transdifferentiation. Finally, in Chapter 4 I summarize my work and outline future experiments that will further elucidate our understanding of the mechanisms underlying hair cell regeneration.
Author: Avis Simmonds Publisher: Xlibris Corporation ISBN: 1984574744 Category : Self-Help Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
The concept of this book, Renewal of Life!, was thought of as I traveled around and observed how life is renewed in so many forms. One is not only revived or renewed from an unconscious state, but as one will see from the variety of pictures, life in any form is being renewed. For example, I have seen a flower blooming from a limb of the tree that is obviously dormant, or in forest-ecology terms, a snag. That scene moved my thoughts even more about how awesome life is and that I must share my findings. Therefore, we must take time out of our busy, hectic lifestyle and find the renewals of our own lives, observing the many facets of this life. By so doing, our inner souls will become renewed about this precious life we have.
Author: Sheryl Coombs Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 146123560X Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 712
Book Description
This volume represents the published proceedings of an international conference on the Neurobiology and Evolution of the Mechanosensory Lateral Line System held August 31 to September 4, 1987, at the Center for Interdisciplinary Research at the University of Bielefeld, West Germany. The goal of this confer ence was to bring together researchers from all over the world to share informa tion about a major aquatic sensory system, the evolution and function of which have largely remained an enigma since the 18th century. The "lateral line" or "lateralis" system has been used as an umbrella term to describe what originally (without the aid of modern anatomical techniques) looked like a series of pits, grooves, and lines on the head and trunk of fishes and some amphibians. For at least the past 30 years, however, it has been recognized that the lateralis system comprises not one, but at least two functional classes of receptors: mechanoreceptors and electroreceptors. The relative ease with which the appropriate stimulus could be defined and measured for the electroreceptive class has resulted in an explosion of information on this submodality during the past 20 years. As a result, there is little ambiguity about the overall function of the electrosensory system, now generally regarded as an independent system in its own right. A similarly clear definition for the function of the mechanosensory lateralis system has not been as forthcoming.
Author: Richard J. Salvi Publisher: Springer ISBN: 9780387520032 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Not male pattern baldness, but the loss of sensory hair, is a very serious topic. Sensory hair cells convert sound and motion into our sense of hearing, movement, and head position. In mammals, the loss of hair cells is irreversible. Or is it? Hair cells in other vertebrates are capable of regenerating and recovering partial or complete function. This book provides a comprehensive survey of the regeneration of sensory hair cells.
Author: Michael E. Smith
Author: Michael E. Smith
Author: 
Author: Richard J. Salvi
Author: Mark E. Warchol
Author: Jacob Evans
Author: Dominic Aaron Mangiardi
Author: Eric D. Thomas
Author: Avis Simmonds
Author: Sheryl Coombs
Author: Richard J. Salvi