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Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase substrates in obesity and diabetes

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase substrates in obesity and diabetes PDF Author: Zsuzsa Iffiú-Soltész
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 128

Book Description
L'obésité et le diabète sont de sérieux problèmes de santé dans les pays développés. Le développement de médicaments qui pourraient normaliser un métabolisme glucidique alteré est donc une grande nécessité actuelle. L'amine oxydase sensible au semicarbazide (SSAO) semble être une cible d’intérêt pour améliorer l’homéostasie glucidique. Cette enzyme oxyde les amines primaires. Elle est fortement exprimée dans le tissu adipeux blanc (WAT) et dans les vaisseaux. Sa forme circulante est un facteur indépendant des complications cardiovasculaires du diabète et de l'obésité. Cependant, l'administration des substrats exogènes de la SSAO réduit l'hyperglycémie des animaux diabétiques. Il a été montré que le peroxyde d'hydrogène formé pendant l'oxidation des amines par la SSAO tissulaire est responsable d'un tel effet. Pourtant, cette espèce reactive de l'oxygène, à forte dose, peut aussi contribuer aux complications de l'obesité et du diabète. Nous avons étudié l'influence des substrats de la SSAO sur certains paramètres de l'obésité et du diabète. Nous avons d'abord examiné l'influence de la masse du tissu adipeux blanc sur sa richesse en SSAO en la faisant varier expérimentalement (obésité et jeûne). Nous avons ensuite analysé les actions insulinomimétiques de la benzylamine (BzA), un substrat exogène de la SSAO, in vitro et in vivo. De plus, nous avons étudié l’effet de traitements à long terme par la BzA sur la tolérance au glucose et les éventuelles complications vasculaires. Enfin, nous avons testé des molécules nouvelles, substrats potentiels de la SSAO sur des adipocytes humains. L'activité de la SSAO augmente dans le WAT sous-cutané de souris obèses. L'injection de BzA améliore l'homéostasie glucidique des animaux diabétiques de type 1 et 2. L'injection chronique de BzA améliore la function endothéliale de rats diabétiques si elle est effectuée simultanément avec du vanadate. L'administration chronique de BzA par voie orale améliore aussi la tolérance au glucose dans trois modèles de souris résistantes à l'insuline dans des conditions où nous n’avons pas observé d'effets délétères du peroxyde d'hydrogène. De plus, la concentration des nitrites augmente dans l'aorte, indiquant qu'une meilleure biodisponibilité du NO a accompagné la réduction du glucose plasmatique. Ces résultats obtenus sur des rongeurs obèses et diabétiques ont confirmé l'action bénéfique de la BzA sur le métabolisme glucidique. En utilisant un système de criblage basé sur l'utilisation d'adipocytes humains, nous avons caractérisé quelques molécules plus efficaces que la BzA pour mimer les effets de l'insuline. L'ensemble de ce travail nous encourage à considérer les substrats de la SSAO comme de possibles médicaments antidiabétiques.

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase substrates in obesity and diabetes

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase substrates in obesity and diabetes PDF Author: Zsuzsa Iffiú-Soltész
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 128

Book Description
L'obésité et le diabète sont de sérieux problèmes de santé dans les pays développés. Le développement de médicaments qui pourraient normaliser un métabolisme glucidique alteré est donc une grande nécessité actuelle. L'amine oxydase sensible au semicarbazide (SSAO) semble être une cible d’intérêt pour améliorer l’homéostasie glucidique. Cette enzyme oxyde les amines primaires. Elle est fortement exprimée dans le tissu adipeux blanc (WAT) et dans les vaisseaux. Sa forme circulante est un facteur indépendant des complications cardiovasculaires du diabète et de l'obésité. Cependant, l'administration des substrats exogènes de la SSAO réduit l'hyperglycémie des animaux diabétiques. Il a été montré que le peroxyde d'hydrogène formé pendant l'oxidation des amines par la SSAO tissulaire est responsable d'un tel effet. Pourtant, cette espèce reactive de l'oxygène, à forte dose, peut aussi contribuer aux complications de l'obesité et du diabète. Nous avons étudié l'influence des substrats de la SSAO sur certains paramètres de l'obésité et du diabète. Nous avons d'abord examiné l'influence de la masse du tissu adipeux blanc sur sa richesse en SSAO en la faisant varier expérimentalement (obésité et jeûne). Nous avons ensuite analysé les actions insulinomimétiques de la benzylamine (BzA), un substrat exogène de la SSAO, in vitro et in vivo. De plus, nous avons étudié l’effet de traitements à long terme par la BzA sur la tolérance au glucose et les éventuelles complications vasculaires. Enfin, nous avons testé des molécules nouvelles, substrats potentiels de la SSAO sur des adipocytes humains. L'activité de la SSAO augmente dans le WAT sous-cutané de souris obèses. L'injection de BzA améliore l'homéostasie glucidique des animaux diabétiques de type 1 et 2. L'injection chronique de BzA améliore la function endothéliale de rats diabétiques si elle est effectuée simultanément avec du vanadate. L'administration chronique de BzA par voie orale améliore aussi la tolérance au glucose dans trois modèles de souris résistantes à l'insuline dans des conditions où nous n’avons pas observé d'effets délétères du peroxyde d'hydrogène. De plus, la concentration des nitrites augmente dans l'aorte, indiquant qu'une meilleure biodisponibilité du NO a accompagné la réduction du glucose plasmatique. Ces résultats obtenus sur des rongeurs obèses et diabétiques ont confirmé l'action bénéfique de la BzA sur le métabolisme glucidique. En utilisant un système de criblage basé sur l'utilisation d'adipocytes humains, nous avons caractérisé quelques molécules plus efficaces que la BzA pour mimer les effets de l'insuline. L'ensemble de ce travail nous encourage à considérer les substrats de la SSAO comme de possibles médicaments antidiabétiques.

Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Obesity

Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms of Obesity PDF Author: Paramjit S. Tappia
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030847632
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 420

Book Description
Global health has been challenged with the dawning of the era of the obesity epidemic, and thus as a consequence, strategies to reduce obesity have become public health priorities. According to the United Nations, obesity has been identified as a concern for achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Obesity is a serious health problem with an increased risk of several common diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Although the fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an imbalance between calorie intake and calorie expenditure, the underlying biochemical and metabolic processes that cause obesity are not fully understood. Two earlier volumes dedicated to the subject of obesity, published in the series “Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease” focused on the pathophysiology of obesity-induced health complications and the biochemistry of cardiovascular dysfunction in obesity. This book brings together contributions from international experts in the field to describe advancements on the mechanisms leading to development of obesity and related complications. There are 21 chapters in two different parts in this book, comprising of Part I: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Obesity (11 chapters) and Part II: Therapeutic Mechanisms of Obesity (10 chapters). This book will serve as a resource and be of interest to health professionals, medical students, fellows, residents and graduate students. It will also evoke innovative research and effective approaches for the prevention of obesity. This volume will accentuate that obesity is a major health hazard in its own right and that appropriate public health measures should be implemented to prevent or reduce or even reverse the impact of this global chronic disease.

Tryptamine Microbiota-Deregulated Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis

Tryptamine Microbiota-Deregulated Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis PDF Author: Elena L. Paley
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0443288313
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320

Book Description
Tryptamine Microbiota-Deregulated Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis: A Conceptual Evolution of the Role of Microbiota Tryptamine in Human Diseases provides a detailed investigation into tryptamine, its underlying mechanisms, and metabolism across multiple diseases. The book explores key concepts of tryptamine, its biosynthetic pathways, and its influence in disease, specifically focusing on the Alzheimer's disease-associated gut bacterial sequence (ADAS). Various neurodegenerative conditions are covered alongside cancer, diabetes, infections, and chromosomal aberrations. Additionally, a chapter on gut tryptamine in domestic and agricultural animals is included. The book closes with case studies involving FDG-PET imaging in the context of tryptamine-treated mouse models and Alzheimer's disease patients.This book elucidates the implications of the gut microbiota-mediated tryptamine metabolism for human health, sharing insights into disease etiology, mechanisms, testing, prevention, and treatment. It is an ideal reference for researchers across the biomedical sciences. - Provides a detailed investigation into tryptamine and its role in human health - Explores the relationship between microbiome tryptamine metabolome and a range of diseases, including diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease - Considers the role of tryptamine in cell death and the impairment of genome activities - Paves the way for advances in disease prevention and treatment pathways

Anti-Obesity Drug Discovery and Development

Anti-Obesity Drug Discovery and Development PDF Author: Atta-ur- Rahman
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN: 1608051633
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 293

Book Description
"Obesity is a complex health problem, caused by a number of factors such as excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition, endocrine disorders, medications and psychiatric illnesses. Onset of obesity in both the developing and th"

Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application: 2013 Edition

Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application: 2013 Edition PDF Author:
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
ISBN: 1490107789
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1210

Book Description
Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Clinical Neuroscience. The editors have built Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Clinical Neuroscience in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Index Medicus

Index Medicus PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 2102

Book Description
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

MAO - The Mother of all Amine Oxidases

MAO - The Mother of all Amine Oxidases PDF Author: J. P. M. Finberg
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783211830383
Category : Biochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 392

Book Description
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is linked to psychiatric and neurological disorders, because inhibitors of the enzyme are used clinically for treatment of affective disorders and Parkinsona (TM)s disease. One of the interesting new aspects of MAO is the occurrence in the human population of deletions of genes coding for one or the other enzyme subtype (A or B). This leads to the possibility of a genetic basis for psychiatric disorders based on MAO. Subjects with deletions of type A or B, and combined deletions, have been described. In the first group of 6 papers in this book, the occurrence and characterization of these phenotypes, as well as the structure of MAO genes, is explored. Advances in the biochemistry of MAO subtypes and their physiological function and localization in brain and periphery is included. Other sections of the book deal with the neuroprotective action of MAO inhibitors and their pharmacology, especially the pharmacology of new MAO-B inhibitors.

Chemical Abstracts

Chemical Abstracts PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 2800

Book Description


Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity

Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity PDF Author: Albert P. Li
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119170842
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 530

Book Description
TRANSPORTERS AND DRUG-METABOLIZING ENZYMES IN DRUG TOXICITY Explore up-to-date coverage on the interaction between drug metabolism enzymes, transporters, and drug toxicity with this leading resources Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity delivers a comprehensive and updated review of the relationship between drug metabolism, transporters, and toxicity, providing insights into a major challenge in drug development – accurate assessment of human drug toxicity. Combining two disciplines frequently considered independently of one another, the book combines drug metabolism and toxicology with a focus on the role of biotransformation on drug toxicity and as a major factor for species and individual differences. Mechanism and species differences in drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters are discussed, as are the methods used to investigate the role of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in drug toxicity. Finally, the distinguished authors describe promising new experimental approaches to accurately assessing human drug toxicity via the consideration of human-specific drug metabolism in toxicity assays. In addition to topics as diverse as extended clearance models, experimental approaches for the estimation of DILI potential of drug candidates and roles of transporters in renal drug toxicity, readers will also enjoy the inclusion of such subjects as: A thorough overview of and introduction to drug metabolism and transporters and drug toxicity An exploration of drug metabolism enzymes and transporter activities as risk factors of marketed drugs associated with drug-induced fatalities A discussion of human-based in vitro experimental models for the evaluation of metabolism-dependent drug toxicity A treatment of mechanism-based experimental models for the evaluation of BSEP inhibition and DILI An examination of transporters and cochlea toxicity Perfect for scientists, students, and practitioners with interests in metabolism, toxicology, and drug development in the pharmaceutical industry, Transporters and Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Drug Toxicity will also earn a place in the libraries of medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, biochemists, toxicologists, and regulators in the pharmaceutical and health industries.

Cumulated Index Medicus

Cumulated Index Medicus PDF Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1892

Book Description