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Author: Raymond L. Ross Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
A wide variety of semiconductor devices utilizing gallium, Arsenide (GaAs) is currently under development by the military for use in advanced communication, surveillance, and target acquisition systems. The low-field electron mobility of GaAs is one of its greatest attributes and offers high frequency operation in devices such as the field effect transistor (FET). Coupled with the material's high peak velocity and low threshold field, GaAs integrated circuit (IC) devices offer a two to six time speed improvement over their silicon counterparts. When compared with standard silicon IC technology, the process steps for GaAs ICs are relatively simple and few in number. As a result of these advantages, the technology of manufacturing high performance GaAs devices is maturing at a rapid rate.
Author: Raymond L. Ross Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
A wide variety of semiconductor devices utilizing gallium, Arsenide (GaAs) is currently under development by the military for use in advanced communication, surveillance, and target acquisition systems. The low-field electron mobility of GaAs is one of its greatest attributes and offers high frequency operation in devices such as the field effect transistor (FET). Coupled with the material's high peak velocity and low threshold field, GaAs integrated circuit (IC) devices offer a two to six time speed improvement over their silicon counterparts. When compared with standard silicon IC technology, the process steps for GaAs ICs are relatively simple and few in number. As a result of these advantages, the technology of manufacturing high performance GaAs devices is maturing at a rapid rate.
Author: Thomas R. Aucoin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 14
Book Description
A wide variety of semiconductor devices utilizing gallium arsenide (GaAs) are currently under development by the Army for use in secure communication and improved surveillance systems. GaAs is a semiconductor material characterized by a very high electron mobility, a direct band gap of 1.43 eV, and a high intrinsic resistivity (approximately equal to ten to the 8th power ohm/cm). The low field mobility of electrons in GaAs is one of its greatest attributes and offers high frequency operation in devices such as the field effect transistor (FET). The GaAs FET, a critical component in emerging military systems, is experiencing a rapidly expanding use in oscillator, mixer, logic element, power amplification, and low noise/high gain applications. This device threatens to replace virtually all low noise traveling wave tubes at frequencies from 4 to 30 GHz; is an attractive substitute for difficult to manufacture devices such as Gunn diodes for 4 to 8 GHz operation; and, monolithically fabricated as logic gates, can function at speeds to 10 GHz. In general then, GaAs FET's will eventually replace device configurations of more complex circuitry. However, its full potential has not been realized, largely due to the chronic material problems experienced by device manufacturers.
Author: C. Y. Chang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471856412 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 632
Book Description
The performance of high-speed semiconductor devices—the genius driving digital computers, advanced electronic systems for digital signal processing, telecommunication systems, and optoelectronics—is inextricably linked to the unique physical and electrical properties of gallium arsenide. Once viewed as a novel alternative to silicon, gallium arsenide has swiftly moved into the forefront of the leading high-tech industries as an irreplaceable material in component fabrication. GaAs High-Speed Devices provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-science look at the phenomenally expansive range of engineering devices gallium arsenide has made possible—as well as the fabrication methods, operating principles, device models, novel device designs, and the material properties and physics of GaAs that are so keenly integral to their success. In a clear five-part format, the book systematically examines each of these aspects of GaAs device technology, forming the first authoritative study to consider so many important aspects at once and in such detail. Beginning with chapter 2 of part one, the book discusses such basic subjects as gallium arsenide materials and crystal properties, electron energy band structures, hole and electron transport, crystal growth of GaAs from the melt and defect density analysis. Part two describes the fabrication process of gallium arsenide devices and integrated circuits, shedding light, in chapter 3, on epitaxial growth processes, molecular beam epitaxy, and metal organic chemical vapor deposition techniques. Chapter 4 provides an introduction to wafer cleaning techniques and environment control, wet etching methods and chemicals, and dry etching systems, including reactive ion etching, focused ion beam, and laser assisted methods. Chapter 5 provides a clear overview of photolithography and nonoptical lithography techniques that include electron beam, x-ray, and ion beam lithography systems. The advances in fabrication techniques described in previous chapters necessitate an examination of low-dimension device physics, which is carried on in detail in chapter 6 of part three. Part four includes a discussion of innovative device design and operating principles which deepens and elaborates the ideas introduced in chapter 1. Key areas such as metal-semiconductor contact systems, Schottky Barrier and ohmic contact formation and reliability studies are examined in chapter 7. A detailed discussion of metal semiconductor field-effect transistors, the fabrication technology, and models and parameter extraction for device analyses occurs in chapter 8. The fifth part of the book progresses to an up-to-date discussion of heterostructure field-effect (HEMT in chapter 9), potential-effect (HBT in chapter 10), and quantum-effect devices (chapters 11 and 12), all of which are certain to have a major impact on high-speed integrated circuits and optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) applications. Every facet of GaAs device technology is placed firmly in a historical context, allowing readers to see instantly the significant developmental changes that have shaped it. Featuring a look at devices still under development and device structures not yet found in the literature, GaAs High-Speed Devices also provides a valuable glimpse into the newest innovations at the center of the latest GaAs technology. An essential text for electrical engineers, materials scientists, physicists, and students, GaAs High-Speed Devices offers the first comprehensive and up-to-date look at these formidable 21st century tools. The unique physical and electrical properties of gallium arsenide has revolutionized the hardware essential to digital computers, advanced electronic systems for digital signal processing, telecommunication systems, and optoelectronics. GaAs High-Speed Devices provides the first fully comprehensive look at the enormous range of engineering devices gallium arsenide has made possible as well as the backbone of the technology—ication methods, operating principles, and the materials properties and physics of GaAs—device models and novel device designs. Featuring a clear, six-part format, the book covers: GaAs materials and crystal properties Fabrication processes of GaAs devices and integrated circuits Electron beam, x-ray, and ion beam lithography systems Metal-semiconductor contact systems Heterostructure field-effect, potential-effect, and quantum-effect devices GaAs Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits and Digital Integrated Circuits In addition, this comprehensive volume places every facet of the technology in an historical context and gives readers an unusual glimpse at devices still under development and device structures not yet found in the literature.
Author: T. R. AuCoin Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 17
Book Description
A wide variety of semiconductor devices utilizing gallium arsenide are currently under development by the military for use in secure communication, improved surveillance, and high speed digital logic systems. The GaAs field effect transistor, a critical component in these systems, is experiencing a rapidly expanding use in oscillator, mixer, logic element, power amplification, and low-noise/high-gain applications. However, the full potential of this device has not been realized, partly because of poor and unpredictable quality semi-insulating GaAs substrates. More specifically, native defects, electrically active impurities, and diffusing charge traps are problems associated with commercial substrates. A silicon- and carbon-free modification of the liquid encapsulated Czochralski technique is described which yields high purity semi-insulating GaAs (approximately 10 to the 8th ohm-cm) without the intentional addition of charge compensators. The technique employs liquid encapsulated compounding of GaAs at nitrogen pressures to 100 atm, ultrapure elements, and pyrolytic boron nitride crucibles. A high pressure (135 atm) Varian HPCZ Czochralski crystal puller is employed for both compounding and crystal growth. (Author).
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080532292 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
Gallium Arsenide IC Applications Handbook is the first text to offer a comprehensive treatment of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) integrated chip (IC) applications, specifically in microwave systems. The books coverage of GaAs in microwave monolithic ICs demonstrates why GaAs is being hailed as a material of the future for the various advantages it holds over silicon. This volume provides scientists, physicists, electrical engineers, and technology professionals and managers working on microwave technology with practical information on GaAs applications in radar, electronic warfare, communications, consumer electronics, automotive electronics and traffic control. Includes an executive summary in each volume and chapter Facilitates comprehension with its tutorial writing style Covers key technical issues Emphasizes practical aspects of the technology Contains minimal mathematics Provides a complete reference list
Author: Takahiko Misugi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1475797745 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 311
Book Description
In recent years, III-V devices, integrated circuits, and superconducting integrated circuits have emerged as leading contenders for high-frequency and ultrahigh speed applications. GaAs MESFETs have been applied in microwave systems as low-noise and high-power amplifiers since the early 1970s, replacing silicon devices. The heterojunction high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT), invented in 1980, has become a key component for satellite broadcasting receiver systems, serving as the ultra-low-noise device at 12 GHz. Furthermore, the heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) has been considered as having the highest switching speed and cutoff frequency in the semiconductor device field. Initially most of these devices were used for analog high-frequency applications, but there is also a strong need to develop high-speed III-V digital devices for computer, telecom munication, and instrumentation systems, to replace silicon high-speed devices, because of the switching-speed and power-dissipation limitations of silicon. The potential high speed and low power dissipation of digital integrated circuits using GaAs MESFET, HEMT, HBT, and superconducting Josephson junction devices has evoked tremendous competition in the race to develop such technology. A technology review shows that Japanese research institutes and companies have taken the lead in the development of these devices, and some integrated circuits have already been applied to supercomputers in Japan. The activities of Japanese research institutes and companies in the III-V and superconducting device fields have been superior for three reasons. First, bulk crystal growth, epitaxial growth, process, and design technology were developed at the same time.
Author: Raymond L. Ross
Author: Raymond L. Ross
Author: Thomas R. Aucoin
Author: C. Y. Chang
Author: T. R. AuCoin
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Author: Takahiko Misugi
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