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Author: Evan Osborne Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 1503604241 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Most of us are familiar with free-market competition: the idea that society and the economy benefit when people are left to self-regulate, testing new ideas in pursuit of profit. Less known is the fact that this theory arose after arguments for the scientific method and freedom of speech had gone mainstream—and that all three share a common basis. Proponents of self-regulation in the realm of free speech have argued that unhindered public expression causes true ideas to gain strength through scrutiny. Similarly, scientific inquiry has been regarded as a self-correcting system, one in which competing hypotheses are verified by multiple independent researchers. It was long thought that society was better left to organize itself through free markets as opposed to political institutions. But, over the twentieth century, we became less confident in the notion of a self-regulating socioeconomy. Evan Osborne traces the rise and fall of this once-popular concept. He argues that—as society becomes more complex—self-regulation becomes more efficient and can once again serve our economy well.
Author: Evan Osborne Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 1503604241 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 341
Book Description
Most of us are familiar with free-market competition: the idea that society and the economy benefit when people are left to self-regulate, testing new ideas in pursuit of profit. Less known is the fact that this theory arose after arguments for the scientific method and freedom of speech had gone mainstream—and that all three share a common basis. Proponents of self-regulation in the realm of free speech have argued that unhindered public expression causes true ideas to gain strength through scrutiny. Similarly, scientific inquiry has been regarded as a self-correcting system, one in which competing hypotheses are verified by multiple independent researchers. It was long thought that society was better left to organize itself through free markets as opposed to political institutions. But, over the twentieth century, we became less confident in the notion of a self-regulating socioeconomy. Evan Osborne traces the rise and fall of this once-popular concept. He argues that—as society becomes more complex—self-regulation becomes more efficient and can once again serve our economy well.
Author: Bryan W. Sokol Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107023696 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 319
Book Description
This book presents current research on self-regulation and autonomy, which have emerged as key predictors of health and well-being in several areas of psychology.
Author: Celia A. Brownell Publisher: Guilford Press ISBN: 1606239473 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 497
Book Description
This volume explores the key developmental transitions that take place as 1- to 3-year-olds leave infancy behind and begin to develop the social and emotional knowledge, skills, and regulatory abilities of early childhood. Leading investigators examine the multiple interacting factors that lead to socioemotional competence in this pivotal period, covering both typical and atypical development. Presented is innovative research that has yielded compelling insights into toddlers' relationships, emotions, play, communication, prosocial behavior, self-control, autonomy, and attempts to understand themselves and others. The final chapter presents a systematic framework for socioemotional assessment.
Author: C. S. Carver Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461258871 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 409
Book Description
"Seek simplicity and distrust it. " Alfred North Whitehead "It will become all too clear that an ability to see patterns in behavior, an ability that some might feel proud of, can lead more easily to a wrong description than a right one. " William T. Powers The goal of the theorist-the scholar-is to take a collection of observations of the world, and perceive order in them. This process necessarily imposes an artificial simplicity upon those observations. That is, specific observations are weighed differently from each other whenever a theoretical account is abstracted from raw experiences. Some observed events are misunderstood or distorted, others are seen as representing random fluctuations and are ignored, and yet others are viewed as centrally important. This abstraction and oversimplification of reality is inevitable in theory construction. Moreover, the abstracted vision builds upon itself. That is, as a structure begins to emerge from continued observation, the structure itself guides the search for new information. The result is a construction that is more elaborate than what existed before, but it still is usually simpler than reality. It is important for scholars to believe in the value of their task, and in the general correctness of the vision that guides their work. This commitment, and the hope of progress that follows from it, make it possible to continue even when the work is difficult and slow.
Author: Karen Caplovitz Barrett Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1136169121 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 509
Book Description
The development of self- and emotional regulatory processes helps children to regulate their behavior based on their cultural context and to develop positive social relationships. This handbook brings together heretofore disparate literatures on self- and emotional regulation, brain and physiological processes, mastery motivation, and atypical development to highlight how mastery motivation is related to self-regulation and to clarify the relation between these various processes. Authors from a variety of countries and backgrounds provide an integrated, up-to-date review of the research and the key theoretical models to demonstrate how these processes relate to cultural and individual differences in both typical and atypical development. The renowned editors, all experts in a particular domain of self-regulation, provide section opening chapters that review the literature, provide a perspective that explains the findings, and suggest directions for future research. Although the focus is on quantitative studies, some qualitative findings and research using brain imaging methodologies are included. Outstanding features include: Reviews the development of self and emotional regulation from infancy through adolescence. Contributors from various countries and backgrounds provide an integrative review of the literature to guide the direction of future research. Features contributions from those who have had a strong impact on self-regulation research. Reviews research on developmental disorders that have implications for self-regulation. There are four sections. Section one introduces the development of self- and emotional regulation. This section reviews how self-regulation adapts based on personal and culturally-based goals and how individual differences predispose some to behavior disorders. Socialization influences are examined including a look at when typical regulation processes go awry. Section 2 examines physiological and brain processes as they relate to the development of typical and atypical processes, along with neurocognitive development of performance monitoring and how these processes change over time, cortical activation differences, and behavioral and electrocortical measures of attentional bias. Section 3 reviews the development of self-regulation and mastery motivation including a review of the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ), cross-national comparisons, and what the DMQ can tell us about self-regulation. The section concludes with a look at the development of self-regulation and mastery motivation in individuals with a developmental disability. Section 4 examines self-regulation in atypical development and evidence-based treatment approaches in children with ADHD, autism, and Down syndrome. This book is intended for researchers, graduate students, and practitioners in psychology, neuroscience, human development, and education interested in the development of self and emotional regulatory processes.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309069882 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 610
Book Description
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Author: Joseph P. Forgas Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1136874313 Category : Mathematics Languages : en Pages : 358
Book Description
The ability to regulate and control our behaviors is a key accomplishment of the human species, yet the psychological mechanisms involved in self-regulation remain incompletely understood. This book presents contributions from leading international researchers who survey the most recent developments in this fascinating area. The chapters shed new light on the subtle and often subconscious ways that the people seek to regulate their thoughts, feelings and behaviors in everyday social life. The contributions seek answers to such intriguing questions as: How can we improve our ability to control our actions? How do people make decisions about which goals to pursue? How do we maintain and manage goal-oriented behavior? What happens when we run out of self-regulation resources? Can we match people and the regulatory demands of to specific tasks so as to optimize performance? What role does self-regulation play in sports performance, in maintaining successful relationships, and in managing work situations? The book offers a highly integrated and representative coverage of this important field, and is suitable as a core textbook in advanced courses dealing with social behavior and the applications of psychology to real-life problems.
Author: Neal Halfon Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319471430 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 667
Book Description
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This handbook synthesizes and analyzes the growing knowledge base on life course health development (LCHD) from the prenatal period through emerging adulthood, with implications for clinical practice and public health. It presents LCHD as an innovative field with a sound theoretical framework for understanding wellness and disease from a lifespan perspective, replacing previous medical, biopsychosocial, and early genomic models of health. Interdisciplinary chapters discuss major health concerns (diabetes, obesity), important less-studied conditions (hearing, kidney health), and large-scale issues (nutrition, adversity) from a lifespan viewpoint. In addition, chapters address methodological approaches and challenges by analyzing existing measures, studies, and surveys. The book concludes with the editors’ research agenda that proposes priorities for future LCHD research and its application to health care practice and health policy. Topics featured in the Handbook include: The prenatal period and its effect on child obesity and metabolic outcomes. Pregnancy complications and their effect on women’s cardiovascular health. A multi-level approach for obesity prevention in children. Application of the LCHD framework to autism spectrum disorder. Socioeconomic disadvantage and its influence on health development across the lifespan. The importance of nutrition to optimal health development across the lifespan. The Handbook of Life Course Health Development is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians/professionals, and graduate students in developmental psychology/science; maternal and child health; social work; health economics; educational policy and politics; and medical law as well as many interrelated subdisciplines in psychology, medicine, public health, mental health, education, social welfare, economics, sociology, and law.
Author: Dwain N. Walcher Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 1483274160 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
The Development of Self-Regulatory Mechanisms contains the papers presented at the conference on Early Childhood: The Development of Self-Regulatory Mechanisms, held at The Pennsylvania State University in January, 1970. The theme of the conference is divided into four areas of interest: biological regulatory mechanisms, early self-regulatory behavior, thoughtful self-regulation, and models of human self-regulation. Papers focused on subjects on neurophysiological and neuroendocrinological regulatory mechanisms; infant cognitive development based on cardiac response and attention patterns; factors affecting communication abilities; and similarity of self-regulatory features of computer programs to human regulatory mechanisms. Psychologists, neurologists, physiologists, and endocrinologist will find the book invaluable.
Author: Roy F. Baumeister Publisher: Penguin ISBN: 1101543779 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 303
Book Description
One of the world's most esteemed and influential psychologists, Roy F. Baumeister, teams with New York Times science writer John Tierney to reveal the secrets of self-control and how to master it. "Deep and provocative analysis of people's battle with temptation and masterful insights into understanding willpower: why we have it, why we don't, and how to build it. A terrific read." —Ravi Dhar, Yale School of Management, Director of Center for Customer Insights Pioneering research psychologist Roy F. Baumeister collaborates with New York Times science writer John Tierney to revolutionize our understanding of the most coveted human virtue: self-control. Drawing on cutting-edge research and the wisdom of real-life experts, Willpower shares lessons on how to focus our strength, resist temptation, and redirect our lives. It shows readers how to be realistic when setting goals, monitor their progress, and how to keep faith when they falter. By blending practical wisdom with the best of recent research science, Willpower makes it clear that whatever we seek—from happiness to good health to financial security—we won’t reach our goals without first learning to harness self-control.