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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Prior research has examined the effects of self-protective behaviors on the outcome of violent crimes. Much of this past research has focused on the effects of self-protective behaviors on the outcome of rapes and sexual assaults against women. Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey, the goal of this dissertation was to expand upon previous research by including not only sexual assaults and rapes in the analysis but also robbery and physical assaults. In addition, the impact of the victim-offender relationship was examined. The results of this dissertation revealed that the effectiveness of self-protective behaviors varied by the type of victimization. For rapes, forceful physical, forceful verbal, and nonforceful physical self-protective behaviors were significantly related to the outcome being attempted rather than completed. For sexual assaults, forceful verbal and nonforceful physical self-protective behaviors were significantly related to a sexual assault being more severe. For robberies, forceful physical, forceful verbal, and nonforceful physical self-protective behaviors were significantly related to the outcome being attempted rather than completed. For physical assaults, forceful physical and nonforceful physical self-protective behaviors were significantly related to a physical assault being more severe (i.e., aggravated) while forceful verbal self-protective behaviors were significantly related to a physical assault being less severe (i.e., simple assault). The results indicated that the effectiveness of self-protective behaviors varied not only by the type of victimization but in sexual assaults, robberies, and physical assaults, also by the nature of the victim/offender relationship. In other words, the likelihood of a completed or more severe act occurring depended upon not only on the type of victimization but also on the type of self-protective behavior that was used and the victim/offender relationship. The policy implications of the findings are discussed. In addition, recommendations for future research are made based on the findings of this study.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Prior research has examined the effects of self-protective behaviors on the outcome of violent crimes. Much of this past research has focused on the effects of self-protective behaviors on the outcome of rapes and sexual assaults against women. Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey, the goal of this dissertation was to expand upon previous research by including not only sexual assaults and rapes in the analysis but also robbery and physical assaults. In addition, the impact of the victim-offender relationship was examined. The results of this dissertation revealed that the effectiveness of self-protective behaviors varied by the type of victimization. For rapes, forceful physical, forceful verbal, and nonforceful physical self-protective behaviors were significantly related to the outcome being attempted rather than completed. For sexual assaults, forceful verbal and nonforceful physical self-protective behaviors were significantly related to a sexual assault being more severe. For robberies, forceful physical, forceful verbal, and nonforceful physical self-protective behaviors were significantly related to the outcome being attempted rather than completed. For physical assaults, forceful physical and nonforceful physical self-protective behaviors were significantly related to a physical assault being more severe (i.e., aggravated) while forceful verbal self-protective behaviors were significantly related to a physical assault being less severe (i.e., simple assault). The results indicated that the effectiveness of self-protective behaviors varied not only by the type of victimization but in sexual assaults, robberies, and physical assaults, also by the nature of the victim/offender relationship. In other words, the likelihood of a completed or more severe act occurring depended upon not only on the type of victimization but also on the type of self-protective behavior that was used and the victim/offender relationship. The policy implications of the findings are discussed. In addition, recommendations for future research are made based on the findings of this study.
Author: R. Barry Ruback Publisher: SAGE Publications ISBN: 1452252122 Category : Family & Relationships Languages : en Pages : 257
Book Description
"The book achieves its goal of encouraging the reader to think broadly about how the consequences of violent victimization can be measured, understood, and prevented. The authors also achieve their goal of emphasizing the need for multiple research methods and multiple theoretical perspectives for understanding the effects and implications of violent crime. The book would certainly be a useful resource for students studying psychology or criminology, and is likely to be of interest to professionals who work with victims of violent crime." --CRIME PREVENTION AND COMMUNITY SAFETY: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL What are the effects that violent crime has on our everyday lives, both in terms of the individual victims and their larger community? This unique text draws from both the fields of criminology and psychology to provide a comprehensive examination of the two major areas that are most significantly effected by violent crime - the crime victims themselves and the larger sphere of their families, friends, neighborhoods, and communities. Beginning with a discussion of the how we measure and study violent victimization, the authors R. Barry Ruback and Martie P. Thompson, look at the immediate and long-term impact violent acts has upon the direct victims. Social and Psychological Consequences of Violent Victimization examines "secondary victims"- family members, neighbors, friends, and the professional involved with investigating and prosecuting the crime and helping the victim, and also impacts of violent crime on neighborhoods and communities. The authors conclude with recommendations of effective interventions that can be made at the levels of the individual, the community, and the criminal justice and mental health systems. This book′s one-of-a kind focus on both the psychological and social impact of crime makes it an invaluable supplementary text for criminal justice and criminology courses dealing with victimization, violent crimes, and the criminal justice process. The book will also interest professionals in victim services, crime prevention, criminal justice, and social work.
Author: Pamela Rose Glatt Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 126
Book Description
Using data from the 2009 General Social Survey on victimization, this study examines the relationship between Canadian women's past experiences of sexual and physical victimization within the past five years and their subsequent engagement in selfprotective behaviour. Self-protective behaviour is divided into three categories, including self-defense class enrollment, weapon carrying and overall protection (combines self-defense class and weapons). Three hypotheses are examined. Firstly, this study looks at whether women who have been victimized (regardless of type) are more likely to practice selfprotective behaviour than their non-victim counterparts. Then, within the victims-only group, this study looks at whether women who have been sexually victimized are more likely to engage in self-protective behaviour than women who have experienced physical victimization, or whether the impact of physical and sexual victimization are similar. Results indicate a strong positive relationship between past experiences of victimization and engaging in self-protection. Women who have been victimized are more likely to enroll in a self-defense class, carry a weapon and engage in overall protection in comparison to women who have not been victimized. Furthermore, women who have experienced sexual victimization are more likely to engage in overall protection than women who have experienced physical victimization. When self-defense class enrollment and weapon carrying are analyzed separately however, the impact of physical and sexual victimization is not statistically different when the control variables are included. This suggests that separating self-defense class enrollment and weapon carrying might hide the full impact of sexual victimization on women's insecurity and need for self-protection.
Author: Eileen M. Ahlin Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429655096 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
This book places youth violence within a Routine Activity Ecological Framework. Youth violence, specifically youth exposure to community violence and youth perpetration of violent behaviors, occur within various contexts. Ahlin and Antunes situate their discussion of youth violence within an ecological framework, identifying how it is nested within four mesosystem layers: community, family, peers and schools, and youth characteristics. Contextualized using an ecological framework, the Routine Activity Theory and Lifestyles perspective (RAT/LS) are well suited to guide an examination of youth violence risk and protective factors across the four layers. Drawing on scholarship that explores predictors and consequences of youth violence, the authors apply RAT/LS theory to explain how community, family, peers, schools, and youth characteristics influence youth behavior. Each layer of the ecological framework unfolds to reveal the latest scholarship and contextualizes how concepts of RAT/LS, specifically the motivated offender, target suitability, and guardianship, can be applied at each level. This book also highlights the mechanisms and processes that contribute to youth exposure to and involvement in violence by exploring factors examined in the literature as protective and risk factors of youth violence. Youth violence occurs in context, and, as such, the understanding of multilevel predictors and preventive measures against it can be situated within an RAT/LS ecological framework. This work links theory to extant research. Ahlin and Antunes demonstrate how knowledge of youth violence can be used to develop a robust theoretical foundation that can inform policy to improve neighborhoods and youth experiences within their communities, families, and peers and within their schools while acknowledging the importance of individual characteristics. This monograph is essential reading for those interested in youth violence, juvenile delinquency, and juvenile justice research and anyone dedicated to preventing crime among youths.
Author: Phil Mulvey Publisher: Taylor & Francis ISBN: 1000934462 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
This edited volume showcases research on vulnerable victimizations, or more specifically, on individuals and/or populations that, due to their status, have less power in society, are socially controlled in unique ways in the criminal–legal system, or are members of marginalized groups with specialized considerations surrounding their victimization experiences, such as LGBTQIA+ individuals, immigrants, incarcerated persons, children, and females. The scholarship focuses on the overall victimization experience, and at the same time is also centered on the victimization experiences of historically ignored and/or marginalized groups. Victimization of vulnerable individuals in the United States is increasing at a moment when marginalized groups continue to confront legislative and policy reforms that would undermine their liberty. It is as important now, as it has ever been, for the field of victimology to consider those who historically may not have the loudest (or any) voice to spotlight and investigate their experiences. Vulnerable Victimizations will be a key resource for academics, researchers, and advanced students of Victimology, Criminology and Criminal Justice. The chapters included in this book were originally published in Victims & Offenders.
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Author: Shannon A. Santana
Author: Ráchael A. Powers
Author: R. Barry Ruback
Author: Pamela Rose Glatt
Author: Ronet Bachman
Author: Fred DuBow
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Author: Eileen M. Ahlin
Author: Phil Mulvey