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Author: Rajeev, Meenakshi Publisher: kassel university press GmbH ISBN: 3737603855 Category : Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Ensuring accessibility to credit to the poor self-employed households is a critical concern for many developing nations. Self-help groups (SHG) formed by women in the developing countries help them to access financial intermediaries and access credit for various income-generating activities. In case of India, SHGs are formed either through state-assisted SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) or through private initiatives of micro finance institutions (MFIs) or NGOs. Under the former, the groups access formal banking directly while in case of MFIs, loan is disbursed through MFIs themselves. Rate of interest in case of loans obtained by SHGs through SBLP, therefore, depends on the rate of interest charged by the various types of formal lending agencies and is often found to be lower than the interest charges of the MFIs. It is, however, argued that transaction costs involved in a bank loan are substantial, therefore, borrowers prefer loans from the informal sector, delivered at the borrower’s doorstep. In order to examine this issue rigorously, we have tried to estimate the effective costs towards borrowing by including the transaction costs, estimated using quantitative data collected through our survey. Our results show that the transaction costs contribute only marginally to the cost of borrowing, hence, we argue (using field data) that the programme, which has many additional benefits including ensuring financial inclusion of women and empowering them, should be strengthened and expanded further.
Author: Rajeev, Meenakshi Publisher: kassel university press GmbH ISBN: 3737603855 Category : Languages : en Pages : 32
Book Description
Ensuring accessibility to credit to the poor self-employed households is a critical concern for many developing nations. Self-help groups (SHG) formed by women in the developing countries help them to access financial intermediaries and access credit for various income-generating activities. In case of India, SHGs are formed either through state-assisted SHG-Bank Linkage Programme (SBLP) or through private initiatives of micro finance institutions (MFIs) or NGOs. Under the former, the groups access formal banking directly while in case of MFIs, loan is disbursed through MFIs themselves. Rate of interest in case of loans obtained by SHGs through SBLP, therefore, depends on the rate of interest charged by the various types of formal lending agencies and is often found to be lower than the interest charges of the MFIs. It is, however, argued that transaction costs involved in a bank loan are substantial, therefore, borrowers prefer loans from the informal sector, delivered at the borrower’s doorstep. In order to examine this issue rigorously, we have tried to estimate the effective costs towards borrowing by including the transaction costs, estimated using quantitative data collected through our survey. Our results show that the transaction costs contribute only marginally to the cost of borrowing, hence, we argue (using field data) that the programme, which has many additional benefits including ensuring financial inclusion of women and empowering them, should be strengthened and expanded further.
Author: Kartick Das Publisher: ISBN: 9788177083392 Category : Self-help groups Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Women's lack of economic empowerment not only impedes growth and poverty reduction, but also negatively impacts education and health outcomes for children. Thus, it is extremely important to ensure that women are economically empowered. Financial inclusion may be defined as the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit - where needed by vulnerable groups, such as women - at an affordable cost. India's Self-help Group (SHG)-Bank Linkage Program was launched in 1992 as a flagship program by the country's National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. The objective is to meet the financial needs of the poor by linking SHGs with the formal credit agencies. Financial inclusion of India's women can be best ensured through SHGs. This collection contains papers that provide valuable insights into the importance and functioning of SHGs to ensure financial inclusion and hence economic empowerment of women in India.
Author: Sowjanya Shetty Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 9
Book Description
In recent years financial inclusion has been given top priority as financial development and economic growth are interdependent. Women constitute almost half of country's population and their work participation is also increasing and diversifying and impacting her family, neighbourhood and the economy too. Notwithstanding their numerical strength women are still confined to a secondary status in social life, economic activities and decision-making processes. The Draft National Policy for Women in Agriculture (April 2008) prepared by National Commission for Women (NCW) stated that an estimated 20 per cent of rural households are defacto female headed due to widowhood, desertion or male-out-migration. This makes women economically vulnerable and both occupationally and socially, the victims of discrimination. Self-reliance through solidarity and productivity seems to be the way out of this human poverty. Financial inclusion therefore, could be a means to come out of poverty. Self-help Groups are considered to be the enabling mechanism in this regard. The most common group lending model under SHG movement in India at present is “SHG-Bank linkages”. Across regions and communities SHGs of women have improved their participation and saving capacity. When women have financial means, they invest that money back into their families resulting in better economic security. However, we need to know whether this impact translates to better social security in terms of health, education, equity etc. We argue that financial inclusion without social intermediation is a half attempt at women empowerment. Time has come to the 'nobleness' of group approach with 'ability' to cope with challenges and changes of the times. SHGs must be ready for new experiments for the sake of enhancing expertise in group management rather than be complacent with past experience. The objectives of this paper therefore, are to (i) critically examine the role and reach of SHGs towards empowerment, (ii) discuss the issues and initiatives in establishing linkages between the socio-economic dynamics and women's empowerment, and (iii) explore some strategies that may supplant or supplement the SHG initiatives and remove the imbalances that still remain in accomplishing total empowerment of women.
Author: N. Mani Publisher: ISBN: 9788177084085 Category : Banks and banking Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
In India, while one segment of the population has access to an assortment of banking services and financial counseling, the other segment of underprivileged and lower income group is totally deprived of even basic financial services. Exclusion of large segments of the society from financial services adversely affects the overall economic growth of a country. In order to ensure financial inclusion of the poor, particularly in rural areas, various initiatives have been taken by the government and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). These include the nationalization of commercial banks, the establishment and expansion of rural credit co-operatives, regional rural banks, urban co-operative banks, micro finance and self-help groups, mutual funds, and pension funds. There are several challenges that require concerted efforts from banks, the RBI, and India's government to ensure a convenient and cost-effective delivery of financial services to the public at large. In particular, the challenge is to introduce innovations in risk assessment, reduce transaction costs, devise new credit delivery channels, and use information technology to make financial inclusion a viable model. This book examines the various policies and programs that were implemented in order to make financial services more accessible to the country's underprivileged income groups, resulting in millions of bank accounts being opened. [Subject: India Studies, Economics, Poverty Studies, Development Studies]
Author: Asli Demirguc-Kunt Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464812683 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.
Author: Daniel Lazar Publisher: New Century Publications ISBN: 9788177081671 Category : Microfinance Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Since independence in 1947, the government of India and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) have made concerted efforts to provide the poor with access to credit. Despite the phenomenal increase in the physical outreach of formal credit institutions in the past several decades, India's rural poor continue to depend on informal sources of credit. Institutions have also faced difficulties in dealing effectively with a large number of small borrowers whose credit needs are small and frequent and their ability to offer collaterals is limited. Cumbersome procedures and risk perceptions of the banks have left a gap in serving the credit needs of the rural poor. This has led to a search for alternative policies, systems and procedures, saving and loan products, other complementary services, and new delivery mechanisms that would fulfill the requirements of the poor. It is in this context that micro credit has emerged as the most suitable and practical alternative to conventional banking in reaching the hitherto unreached poor population. Micro finance is the provision of a broad range of financial services - such as deposits, loans, payments, money transfers, and insurance - to the low-income households and their micro enterprises. The basic purpose of micro finance is to provide access to financial assistance, including credit to the poor, enabling them to start/expand micro enterprises and break out of poverty. Micro credit helps the poor in making available the credit and other financial services for improving their income and living standards. The micro credit program - which was formally heralded in 1992 with a modest pilot project of linking around 500 Self-help Groups - has made rapid strides in India, exhibiting considerable democratic functioning and group dynamism. The micro credit program in India is now the largest in the world. This book contains 45 scholarly papers in the field of micro finance in India, categorized in five parts: Micro Finance: General Observations . Micro Finance, Self-help Groups, and Financial Inclusion . Micro Finance, Poverty Alleviation, and Empowerment of Women . Technical Aspects of Micro Finance . Micro Finance: Case Studies in India and Abroad.
Author: Sowjanya Shetty Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
In India financial inclusion has been given top priority in recent years in the philosophies and plans of both financial development and economic growth. Financial Inclusion is the delivery of banking services at an affordable cost to the vast section of the disadvantaged and low-income group. Financial inclusion intends to provide finance to the weaker sections of the society enabling better social development which in turn facilitates investment and economic growth in the country. Inclusive growth is meaningless without including the marginalised sections of society. Excluding women, who represent half the population, makes development process and outcomes unjust and unacceptable, leave alone unfinished. Studies show that over 70 per cent of beneficiaries of the financial inclusion agenda are women. SHGs are one of the essential means to include women in the process of financial inclusion, and they are the prime driver for the financial movement in India. Our study found many shared efforts and experiences to prove motivated and mobilised women's capability and confidence turning to capital resulting in a brighter future for the women themselves and their communities as a whole. India's newfound philosophy of 'inclusive growth' includes a route for enabling women in the growth process - of the self and the society. The objectives of this paper are: to examine the role and reach of SHGs towards empowerment; to discuss the issues and initiatives in establishing linkages between the socio-economic dynamics and women's empowerment; and to explore specific strategies and practices that may supplant or supplement the SHG initiatives and remove the imbalances that remain in accomplishing total empowerment of women.
Author: Rajeev, Meenakshi
Author: Rajeev, Meenakshi
Author: Kartick Das
Author: DR.S.V. SHINDE
Author: Meenakshi Rajeev
Author: Sowjanya Shetty
Author: N. Mani
Author: Alreena Renita Pinto
Author: Asli Demirguc-Kunt
Author: Daniel Lazar
Author: Sowjanya Shetty